tetracycline and Animal-Diseases

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Cattle; Chickens; Clostridium; Corynebacterium; Digestive System; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Erysipelothrix; Escherichia coli; Feces; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Mycoplasma; Pasteurella; Salmonella; Sheep; Species Specificity; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Swine; Tetracycline; Zoonoses

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is an important causative agent of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in human populations. In this study, we collected 72 S. Enteritidis strains from 2004 to 2014 in Ningbo, mid-east China. Of the 72 strains, we identified a dominant clone of 58 strains recovered from patient's feces (n = 48), blood (n = 1), pleural effusion (n = 1), chickens (n = 3), and dessert cakes (n = 5) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The profile arrangements of MLVA were SE1-SE2-SE3-SE5-SE6-SE8-SE9: 4-4-3-11-10-1-3. These dominant strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and resistant to nalidixic acid. Additionally, all isolates harboured virulence genes invA, sipA, sopE, and spvB when tested by PCR. Our results reveal that genetically similar S. Enteritidis strains which accounted for several outbreaks as well as blood infection and pleural cavity infection are prevalent in China for a long-term period. This situation calls for further attention in the prevention and control of foodborne disease caused by Salmonella species.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animal Diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; China; Chloramphenicol; Disease Outbreaks; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Food Microbiology; Genes, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella enterica; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella Infections; Serogroup; Tetracycline; Virulence

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 581 clinical Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, from acute mastitis in dairy cattle, from urinary tract infections in dogs and cats, and from septicemia in laying hens collected in Switzerland between 1999 and 2001. Among the 16 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Isolates from swine presented significantly more resistance than those from the other animal species. The distribution of the resistance determinants for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin was assessed by hybridization and PCR in resistant isolates. Significant differences in the distribution of resistance determinants for tetracycline (tetA, tetB) and sulfonamides (sulII) were observed between the isolates from swine and those from the other species. Resistance to sulfonamides could not be explained by known resistance mechanisms in more than a quarter of the sulfonamide-resistant and sulfonamide-intermediate isolates from swine, dogs and cats. This finding suggests that one or several new resistance mechanisms for sulfonamides may be widespread among E. coli isolates from these animal species. The integrase gene (intI) from class I integrons was detected in a large proportion of resistant isolates in association with the sulI and aadA genes, thus demonstrating the importance of integrons in the epidemiology of resistance in clinical E. coli isolates from animals.

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Cats; Cattle; Chickens; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Swine; Switzerland; Tetracycline

A buffalo disease, called "Degnala", causing lameness, edema, gangrenous ulceration of hooves or tail, emaciation, recumbency and eventual death, occurs in Eastern Nepal. Clinical examinations manifested lice eggs on hairs, bradycardia, hypothermia, dehydration, exanthema and icterus. Hematologically, increase of band neutrophil, giant platelet, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia were characteristics. Microscopically, dark blue tiny particles were seen on red blood cell (RBC) after Giemsa staining. Administration of tetracycline at an early stage of the disease was effective.

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Buffaloes; Disease Outbreaks; Extremities; Female; Foot Diseases; Hoof and Claw; Lice Infestations; Male; Nepal; Skin Diseases; Tail; Tetracycline

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that all conjugative R-plasmids of Clostridium perfringens are closely related to the previously characterized tetracycline resistance plasmid, pCW3. Fourteen conjugative R-plasmids derived from 11 C. perfringens strains isolated in Australia, the United States, France, Belgium, and Japan were analyzed. Eleven of the plasmids encoded tetracycline resistance while three carried both tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance. Each of these plasmids was compared, by restriction analysis, to the reference plasmid, pCW3. Seven of the tetracycline resistance plasmids had EcoRI, XbaI, and ClaI restriction profiles that were identical to those of the corresponding pCW3 digests. The seven remaining R-plasmids were different from pCW3. Comparison of partial restriction maps of these plasmids with a complete map of pCW3 indicated that they contained at least 17 kb of DNA that also was present in pCW3. Hybridization analysis confirmed that these plasmids shared substantial homology with pCW3. The three tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance plasmids frequently lost a 6-kb chloramphenicol resistance segment during conjugation. Cloning experiments showed that the chloramphenicol resistance determinant was expressed in Escherichia coli and that the chloramphenicol resistance gene of one of these plasmids, pIP401, was contained within a 1.5-kb region of the 6-kb deletion segment. Hybridization analysis indicated that the deletion segment of pIP401 was related to those of the other two chloramphenicol resistance plasmids. During the course of this study, conjugative R-plasmids which appear to be identical to pCW3 or closely related to pCW3 were identified from C. perfringens strains from human, animal and environmental sources in five countries. It is concluded that C. perfringens strains in humans and animals throughout the world have overlapping gene pools and that all the conjugative C. perfringens R-plasmids examined probably evolved from a pCW3-like element.

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Australia; Belgium; Chloramphenicol; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; France; Humans; Japan; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; R Factors; Tetracycline; United States

Topics: Aeromonas; Animal Diseases; Animals; Chloramphenicol; Cyprinidae; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Eels; Escherichia coli; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Genetics, Microbial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonidae; Streptomycin; Sulfanilamides; Tetracycline; Turtles

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chlortetracycline; Infections; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline

Topics: Age Factors; Animal Diseases; Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Cattle; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Delayed-Action Preparations; Ducks; Pasteurella Infections; Poultry Diseases; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Legislation, Drug; Nitrofurans; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; United Kingdom

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lysostaphin; Penicillin Resistance; Rabbits; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline