tetracycline and Amelogenesis-Imperfecta

The aetiological factors in enamel defects of a non-fluoride nature can be divided into systemic and local. The systemic factors comprise a variety of conditions: genetically determined, chromosomal anomalies, congenital defects, inborn errors of metabolism, neonatal disturbances, infectious diseases, neurological disturbances, endocrinopathies, nutritional deficiencies, nephropathies, enteropathies, liver diseases and intoxications. The genetically determined enamel defects include amelogenesis imperfecta, which may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as part of other disorders such as epidermolysis bullosa, pseudohypoparathyroidism and taurodontism. The congenital defects include heart disorders and unilateral facial hypoplasia and hypertrophy. Among the inborn errors of metabolism are: galactosaemia, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, erythropoietic porphyria and primary hyperoxaluria. Neonatal disturbances are important in the development of enamel hypoplasia, foremost among these are premature birth and hypocalcaemia. The latter causes postnatal hypoplasias, which, however, are never seen in breast-fed children. Haemolytic anaemia, mostly in conjunction with erythroblastosis foetalis, may cause enamel hypoplasia. In children with neurological disturbances a rather large number have enamel hypoplasias, and these changes may be a significant aid in neurological diagnosis. When the tetracyclines were introduced, many children had these drugs prescribed in the period when the teeth were undergoing mineralization. The result was a yellow-brown stain of the affected teeth. In recent years, however, there appears to have been a reduction in the incidence of tetracycline staining. As for local causes the most important are traumatic injuries and periapical osteitis of primary teeth.

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Communicable Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Tetracycline

Topics: Alkaptonuria; Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Feeding Behavior; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

The causes of tooth discoloration are varied and complex but are usually classified as being either intrinsic, extrinsic or internalized in nature. Dietary chromogens and other external elements deposit on the tooth surface or within the pellicle layer either directly or indirectly to form extrinsic discoloration. Stains within the dentine or intrinsic discoloration often results from systemic or pulpal origin, while internalized stains are the result of extrinsic stains entering the dentine via tooth defects such as cracks on the tooth surface.

Topics: Age Factors; Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Child; Child, Preschool; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Risk; Tetracycline; Tooth Abnormalities

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Composite Resins; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Incisor; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Apatites; Carbonates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Child; Crystallization; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Abnormalities