Page last updated: 2024-11-04

tetracaine and Pregnancy

tetracaine has been researched along with Pregnancy in 79 studies

Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.
tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" We assessed the efficacy of topical Ametop™ (tetracaine 4%) gel in reducing the pain associated with local anesthetic skin infiltration before neuraxial block in non-laboring women."5.22A randomized controlled trial comparing Ametop™ with placebo for reducing pain associated with local anesthetic skin infiltration before neuraxial anesthesia in parturients. ( Albert, A; Dube, A; Gunka, V; Kavanagh, T, 2016)
"Skin infiltration with lidocaine, although brief, can be very stressful, painful, and may perpetuate anxiety."5.13Brief report: a randomized controlled trial of Synera versus lidocaine for epidural needle insertion in labouring parturients. ( Allen, TK; George, RB; Habib, AS; Muir, HA, 2008)
"The dilatation effect of Anodyne-Lubricant Jelly (ALJ) containing Dicaini, Lidocaine and placebos on the cervix during surgical termination of the first trimester pregnancy was observed in 372 women."5.07[The dilatation effect of local anesthetics on the cervix during surgical termination of early pregnancy]. ( Li, MF, 1991)
"A total of 2,511 patients who received spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery were observed for the development of postdural puncture headache (PDPH); 804 patients received a mixture of tetracaine and procaine, 942 received bupivacaine-glucose, and 765 received lidocaine-glucose."3.68Influence of local anesthetic solution on postdural puncture headache. ( Datta, S; Hertwig, L; Hunt, CO; Naulty, JS; Ostheimer, GW; Weiss, JB, 1990)
"Morphine HCl 0."2.71[Spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine HCl for cesarean section]. ( Fukumitsu, K; Haruna, J; Hirao, O; Kawaraguchi, Y; Kinouchi, K; Kitamura, S; Matsuda, Y; Miyamoto, Y; Nakao, F; Taniguchi, A, 2003)

Research

Studies (79)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199053 (67.09)18.7374
1990's17 (21.52)18.2507
2000's6 (7.59)29.6817
2010's3 (3.80)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Wei, JS1
Jin, ZB1
Yin, ZQ1
Xie, QM1
Chen, JQ1
Li, ZG1
Tang, HF1
Kavanagh, T1
Dube, A1
Albert, A1
Gunka, V1
AHEARN, RE1
HUSTON, JW1
BROWN, WE1
Guay, J1
Kawamoto, S1
Tatsumi, K1
Kataoka, T1
Kamikawa, T1
Yanagida, T1
Mandai, R1
Aldrete, JA1
DOWNS, HS1
MORRISON, PH1
ABE, T1
HINGSON, RA1
ZILAHI, Z1
ALPAR, G1
KERNER, P1
DZHAMALOVA, ZM1
DIDOVICH, BA1
STENGER, V1
ANDERSEN, T1
DEPADUA, C1
EITZMAN, D1
GESSNER, I1
PRYSTOWSKY, H1
RUSSELL, PH1
COAKLEY, CS1
BROWN, EO1
ENGEL, T1
DOUGLAS, RG1
WOLKOFF, AS1
BAWDEN, JW1
FLOWERS, CE1
MCGEE, JA1
Hirao, O1
Kinouchi, K2
Haruna, J1
Matsuda, Y1
Kawaraguchi, Y1
Miyamoto, Y1
Nakao, F1
Taniguchi, A1
Fukumitsu, K1
Kitamura, S2
STEFFEN, EA1
ASHTON, DL1
CHAPLIN, RA1
Nakagawa, M1
Miyagawa, Y1
Iura, A1
Shimizu, T1
George, RB1
Habib, AS1
Allen, TK1
Muir, HA1
Brewer, LL1
Drynan, JJ1
Abboud, TK1
Artal, R1
Henriksen, EH1
Earl, S1
Kammula, RK1
Heyman, HJ1
Salem, MR1
Klimov, I1
Endler, GC1
Hirabayashi, Y4
Saitoh, K4
Fukuda, H4
Shimizu, R4
Pan, MH1
Wei, TT2
Shieh, BS1
Shima, T1
Haga, S1
Momose, K1
Andoh, K1
Koga, Y1
Hashimoto, Y1
Goto, S1
Ogata, K1
Fujie, T1
Fujigaki, T1
Nakamura, H1
Yukinari, T1
Shibata, O1
Fairfield, MC1
Igarashi, T1
Kawabata, KM1
King, HK1
Wood, L1
Steffens, Z1
Johnson, C1
Tsujimoto, S1
Takemine, K1
Sasaki, K1
Tashiro, C1
Datta, S2
Brown, WU1
Norström, A1
Cabalum, T1
Zugaib, M1
Lieb, S1
Nuwayhid, B1
Brinkman, CR1
Assali, NS1
Cortellaro, G1
Bray, F1
Zherzhov, AI1
Hodgkinson, R1
Bhatt, M1
Kim, SS1
Grewal, G1
Marx, GF2
Christie, JL1
Sprague, DH1
Mandel, SD1
McDonald, JS1
Matt, DW1
Steingold, KA1
Dastvan, CM1
James, CA1
Dunwiddie, W1
Azbarov, AA1
Kholodov, IB1
Li, MF3
Xu, DZ1
Wu, XM1
Li, LS1
Ma, QL1
Fang, QL1
Zhang, HY1
Li, GY1
Tammelleo, AD1
Naulty, JS1
Hertwig, L1
Hunt, CO1
Ostheimer, GW1
Weiss, JB1
Pan, PM1
Lin, ZF1
Lim, J1
Tung, MC1
Osa, T1
Maruta, K1
Aleksandrov, VV2
Aleksandrova, VM1
Cope, DK1
Miller, JN1
Moore, JJ1
Moore, R1
Cardaman, RC1
Standley, K1
Soule, AB1
Copans, SA1
Duchowny, MS1
Abdel-Aziz, A1
Bakry, N1
Bondani, A1
Olmedo-Zorrilla, M1
Clemetson, CA1
Hassan, R1
Mallikarjuneswara, VR1
Wallace, G1
Hashimoto, H1
Unemoto, T1
Hayashi, M1
Akamatsu, TJ1
Bonica, JJ2
Greene, JW1
Lowensohn, RI1
Paul, RH1
Fales, S1
Yeh, SY1
Hon, EH1
Trotter, RR1
Bromage, PR3
Covino, BG1
Diamond, J2
Marshall, JM2
Johnson, WL1
Winter, WW1
Eng, M1
Hunter, CA1
Golden, AA1
Tapia Nava, R1
Bickers, WM1
Cosmi, EV1
Lipton, E1
Sennott, FW1
Batt, B1

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Methemoglobin Levels in Generally Anesthetized Pediatric Dental Patients Receiving Prilocaine Versus Lidocaine[NCT01402869]91 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
A Prospective Triple-masked Randomized Controlled Trial Measuring Analgesia Duration of Dexamethasone, Buprenorphine, or Clonidine With Ropivacaine for Interscalene Nerve Block[NCT03117140]Phase 4160 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Determination of ED90 of Intrathecal Lidocaine for Adequate Anesthesia for Elective Cervical Cerclage Surgery[NCT02574832]2 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Terminated (stopped due to planned surgical procedures decreased)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Delta Methemoglobin Blood Level

Change in percentage of methemoglobin in blood from baseline level to peak level (NCT01402869)
Timeframe: From administration of local anesthetic or start of restorative procedures to time at which maximum methemoglobin blood level was documented during dental treatment for an average of 2 hours

Interventionpercentage of methemoglobin in blood (Mean)
Prilocaine2.73
Lidocaine0.78
No Local Anesthetic0.76

Peak Methemoglobin Blood Levels

The maximum percentage of methemoglobin in blood (NCT01402869)
Timeframe: Measured at 10 second intervals during dental treatment for an average of 2 hours

Interventionpercentage of methemoglobin in blood (Mean)
Prilocaine3.55
Lidocaine1.63
No Local Anesthetic1.60

Time to Peak Methemoglobin Blood Levels

The length of time between the administration of local anesthetic (Prilocaine and Lidocaine Groups) or start of restorative dental procedures (No local anesthetic Group) and the time at which the maximum methemoglobin blood level is observed. (NCT01402869)
Timeframe: Measured at 10 second intervals during dental treatment for an average of 2 hours

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Prilocaine62.73
Lidocaine57.50
No Local Anesthetic29.50

Block Set up Time

Patients are assessed from needle removal to when they are no longer able to feel cold on the blocked extremity (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Day one

Interventionminutes (Median)
Plain Ropivacaine6
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine3
Ropivacaine + Clonidine6
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone4.5

Duration of Analgesia

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess when the analgesia of their nerve block wore off (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: 1-3 days post-operative

Interventionminutes (Median)
Plain Ropivacaine911
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine1026.5
Ropivacaine + Clonidine1181
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone982

Motor Duration of Block

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess when motor component of their nerve block wore off (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Day 1-3

Interventionminutes (Median)
Plain Ropivacaine1120
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine1198
Ropivacaine + Clonidine1090
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone1143.5

Number of Patient With Blood Pressure Changes in the Second Stage Recovery Area

Blood pressure changes in Second Stage Recovery Area for patients was looked at (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post-op Day 0 (baseline)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine5
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine1
Ropivacaine + Clonidine5
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone0

Number of Patients Reporting Itching at Home

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess if they had any side effects of the adjuvants such as nausea, vomiting or itching. There blood pressure is looked at pre-op and compared to post-op. Any prolonged PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) stay for sedation is recorded. (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: 1-3 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine1
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine2
Ropivacaine + Clonidine2
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone0

Number of Patients Reporting Itching in the PACU

Patients itching was assessed post-op in the PACU. (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post-op day 0 (baseline)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine5
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine2
Ropivacaine + Clonidine6
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone3

Number of Patients Reporting Nausea at Home

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess if they had any side effects of the adjuvants such as nausea, vomiting or itching. There blood pressure is looked at pre-op and compared to post-op. Any prolonged PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) stay for sedation is recorded. (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: 1-3 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine4
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine9
Ropivacaine + Clonidine2
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone3

Number of Patients Reporting Nausea in the PACU

PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit) assessment of nausea (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post-op day 0 (Baseline)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine4
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine9
Ropivacaine + Clonidine2
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone9

Number of Patients Vomiting in the PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit)

Vomiting in PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit) for patients was looked at (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post-op Day 0 (Baseline)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine0
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine1
Ropivacaine + Clonidine0
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone0

Number of Patients With Blood Pressure (BP) Changes in the PACU

Blood pressure changes in PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit) for patients was looked at (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post-op Day 0 (baseline)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine8
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine3
Ropivacaine + Clonidine7
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone2

Pain Score Reported by Patients at First Phone Call

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess pain. Pain score is 0-10 scale with 0 is no pain and 10 is most severe pain. (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Day 1-3

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Plain Ropivacaine4
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine3
Ropivacaine + Clonidine4
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone3

Patient Reporting Vomiting at Home

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess if they had any side effects of the adjuvants such as nausea, vomiting or itching. There blood pressure is looked at pre-op and compared to post-op. Any prolonged PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) stay for sedation is recorded. (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: 1-3 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Plain Ropivacaine0
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine3
Ropivacaine + Clonidine2
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone1

Sensory Duration of Block

Patients are called 1-3 days post-operatively to assess when the sensory component of their nerve block wore off (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Day 1-3

Interventionminutes (Median)
Plain Ropivacaine923.5
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine982
Ropivacaine + Clonidine940.5
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone1066

Surgical Length

Surgical length was recorded (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post op Day 0 (Baseline)

Interventionminutes (Median)
Plain Ropivacaine68.5
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine65
Ropivacaine + Clonidine73.5
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone71

Surgical Position

Surgical position was recorded (NCT03117140)
Timeframe: Post-op Day 0 (Baseline)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Beach ChairLateralSupine
Plain Ropivacaine3820
Ropivacaine + Buprenorphine3163
Ropivacaine + Clonidine3172
Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone3262

Time to T 10 Level

Elapsed time in minutes to achieve T 10 level of anesthesia. Assessed by the anesthesia care provider using crushed ice. T 10 level is numbness up to the level of the belly button. (NCT02574832)
Timeframe: 20 minutes after drug administration

InterventionMinutes (Mean)
Spinal Lidocaine Administration12.5

Reviews

6 reviews available for tetracaine and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Methemoglobinemia related to local anesthetics: a summary of 242 episodes.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2009, Volume: 108, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Chi

2009
Axonal transport and turnovers of neurohhypophyseal proteins in the rat.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1975, Feb-21, Volume: 248

    Topics: Anemia; Animals; Axonal Transport; Axons; Biological Transport; Chlorpromazine; Colchicine; Cysteine

1975
Fatal consequences of local anesthesia: report of five cases and a review of the literature.
    Journal of forensic sciences, 1976, Volume: 21, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Child; Cocaine; Female; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middl

1976
Cornea and sclera.
    Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1968, Volume: 79, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cornea; Corneal Transplantation; Cryosurgery; Dexamethasone; Diabetic Retinopathy; Electroc

1968
The physiology and pharmacology of epidural blockade.
    Clinical anesthesia, 1969, Volume: 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obst

1969
Comparative clinical pharmacology of local anesthetic agents.
    Anesthesiology, 1971, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anura; Cats; Drug S

1971

Trials

11 trials available for tetracaine and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
A randomized controlled trial comparing Ametop™ with placebo for reducing pain associated with local anesthetic skin infiltration before neuraxial anesthesia in parturients.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 27

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Double-Blind Method; Femal

2016
[Spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine HCl for cesarean section].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:9

    Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Dose

2003
Brief report: a randomized controlled trial of Synera versus lidocaine for epidural needle insertion in labouring parturients.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2008, Volume: 55, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; D

2008
Visceral pain during caesarean section: effect of varying dose of spinal amethocaine.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 75, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section; Double-Bli

1995
Spread of subarachnoid hyperbaric amethocaine in pregnant women.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 74, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnanc

1995
Comparative analgesic enhancement of alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil to spinal tetracaine anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Sinica, 1994, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alfentanil; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Obstetrical

1994
Cerebrospinal fluid progesterone in pregnant women.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 75, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Case-Control Studies; Female

1995
Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: isobaric versus hyperbaric solution.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Sinica, 1999, Volume: 37, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section

1999
[The dilatation effect of local anesthetics on the cervix during surgical termination of early pregnancy].
    Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi, 1991, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Cervix Uteri; Dilatation and Curettage; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Muscle Relaxat

1991
Randomized trial of the effect of drugs on cervical dilatation for termination of first trimester pregnancy.
    Contraception, 1990, Volume: 41, Issue:6

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dilatation; Female; Humans; Lidoca

1990
[Effect of drugs on artificial abortion of parous and primiparous women in randomized triple blind method].
    Zhonghua hu li za zhi = Chinese journal of nursing, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Dilatation and Curettage; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Pregnancy; Premedication; Ra

1990

Other Studies

62 other studies available for tetracaine and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Effects of local anesthetics on contractions of pregnant and non-pregnant rat myometrium in vitro.
    Acta physiologica Hungarica, 2014, Volume: 101, Issue:2

    Topics: Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; In Vitro

2014
Vaginal delivery under heavy pontocaine spinal anesthesia.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1948, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Spinal; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Obstetrics; Pregnancy; Tetracai

1948
Single injection caudal for obstetrical analgesia and the use of pontocaine.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1948, Volume: 55, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Female; Gynecology;

1948
[Comparison of intrathecal morphine and buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in cesarean delivery].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Buprenorphine; Cesarean Sect

2011
Recurrent neurological symptoms in a patient after repeat combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Hype

2003
THE EFFECTS OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA ON THE FETAL HEART RATE.
    California medicine, 1963, Volume: 99

    Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Det

1963
CURRENT VIEW OF ANESTHESIA FOR OBSTETRICS BASED UPON OUR TOTAL EXPERIENCE.
    Journal of the Japanese Obstetrical & Gynecological Society, 1963, Volume: 10

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Cocaine; D

1963
[LUMBAR ANESTHESIA WITH TETRACAINE IN 250 SUGICAL CASES].
    Orvosi hetilap, 1963, Oct-13, Volume: 104

    Topics: Adnexa Uteri; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Pregna

1963
[ANESTHESIA IN THERAPEUTIC ABORTION].
    Meditsinskii zhurnal Uzbekistana, 1964, Volume: 1

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Therapeutic; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Local; Fema

1964
SPINAL ANESTHESIA FOR CESAREAN SECTION: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Sep-01, Volume: 90

    Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure Determination; Cesar

1964
RE-EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS CAUDAL ANESTHESIA FOR OBSTETRICS.
    Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 1964, Volume: 119

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics; Anesthetic

1964
PARACERVICAL BLOCK ANALGESIA IN LABOR.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1965, Volume: 26

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Autonomic Nerve Block; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Lidocai

1965
THE EFFECTS OF ANESTHESIA ON THE UNBORN FETUS.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1965, Oct-01, Volume: 93

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spin

1965
Low spinal for delivery using procaine or pontocaine.
    Wisconsin medical journal, 1951, Volume: 50, Issue:7

    Topics: Anesthesia; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Procaine; Tetracaine

1951
Spinal analgesia with hypobaric pontocaine for caesarean section.
    Canadian Medical Association journal, 1952, Volume: 66, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans;

1952
[7-year survey of anesthesia for cesarean section--comparison of tetracaine and bupivacaine as intrathecal anesthetic agents].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anes

2007
Paracervical block.
    Northwest medicine, 1967, Volume: 66, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn;

1967
Effects of spinal anesthesia on maternal circulating catecholamines.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1982, Feb-01, Volume: 142, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Catecholamines; Cesarean Section; Epinephrine; F

1982
Persistent sixth cranial nerve paresis following blood patch for postdural puncture headache.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1982, Volume: 61, Issue:11

    Topics: Abducens Nerve; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Diplopia; Epidural Space; Female; Headache; Humans; Par

1982
Conduction anesthesia in obstetrics and its effects upon fetus and newborn.
    The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1980, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia

1980
[Combined spinal and epidural analgesia for caesarean section].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 42, Issue:7

    Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Dibucaine; Fema

1993
[Caesarean section in a patient with past history of fulminant malignant hyperthermia].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 42, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Dantrolene; Disease Susceptibi

1993
Visceral pain during caesarean section.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 76, Issue:1

    Topics: Abdominal Pain; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Intrao

1996
Acid-base state of cerebrospinal fluid during pregnancy and its effect on spread of spinal anaesthesia.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bicar

1996
[Two cases of asthmatic attack caused by spinal anesthesia].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Asthma; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Ovaria

1996
[Recurrent abnormal motion of the lower legs during the recovery from spinal anesthesia].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local;

2000
Acid-base status in diabetic mothers and their infants following general or spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
    Anesthesiology, 1977, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Apgar Score

1977
Effect of dopamine on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1979, Mar-15, Volume: 133, Issue:6

    Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Animals; Autonomic Nerve Block; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Dopamine;

1979
[Usefulness of a preparation for the ano-rectal varicose syndrome in pregnancy and the puerperium].
    La Clinica terapeutica, 1979, Jul-15, Volume: 90, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Belladonna Alkaloids; Drug Combinations; Escin; Female; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregn

1979
[State of various indicators of the blood coagulation system before and during induced abortion and anesthesia with novocaine and dicain solutions].
    Voprosy okhrany materinstva i detstva, 1978, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Blood Coagulation; Cervix Uteri; Female; Hu

1978
Neonatal neurobehavioral tests following cesarean section under general and spinal anesthesia.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1978, Nov-15, Volume: 132, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia,

1978
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during anesthesia.
    Anesthesiology, 1977, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Child, Preschool; Elect

1977
Preanesthetic and intrapartal medications.
    Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1977, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Alphaprodine; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Barbiturates; Benzodiazepines; Bupivacaine;

1977
Effects of sera from patients given various anesthetics on preimplantation mouse embryo development in vitro.
    Journal of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer : IVF, 1991, Volume: 8, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics; Animals; Blastocyst; Cells, Cultured; Drug Combinations; Emb

1991
[Epidural anesthesia in cesarean section].
    Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1991, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Obstetric La

1991
4.5 million dollars judgment v. CRNA: damage cap applied. Case in point: Leiker by and through Leiker v. Gafford (778 P. 2d 823--KS (1989)).
    The Regan report on nursing law, 1990, Volume: 30, Issue:8

    Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Coma; Female; Humans; Kansas; Malpractice; Nurse Anesthetists; Pregnancy; Tetrac

1990
Influence of local anesthetic solution on postdural puncture headache.
    Anesthesiology, 1990, Volume: 72, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Blood; Bupivacaine; Cesarean

1990
The optimal dose of hyperbaric tetracaine spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
    Ma zui xue za zhi = Anaesthesiologica Sinica, 1989, Volume: 27, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Tet

1989
Postpartum changes in the mechanical responses of the circular muscle of rat uterus.
    The Japanese journal of physiology, 1988, Volume: 38, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Calcium; Female; Indomethacin; Isotonic Solutions; Magnesium; Muscle, Smooth; Postpartum Pe

1988
[20-year experience with using peridural anesthesia in cesarean section].
    Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1987, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Tetracai

1987
Local and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with myotonic dystrophy.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1986, Volume: 65, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine;

1986
Calcium-phospholipid enhanced protein phosphorylation in human placenta.
    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1986, Volume: 182, Issue:3

    Topics: Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Phosphat

1986
Local-regional anesthesia during childbirth: effect on newborn behaviors.
    Science (New York, N.Y.), 1974, Nov-15, Volume: 186, Issue:4164

    Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Bupiv

1974
Effect of chloroquine phosphate on the isolated non-pregnant and pregnant uterus of different species.
    Acta physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1974, Volume: 45, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Chloroquine; Dinitrophenols; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniq

1974
[Effect of tetrodotoxin and tetracaine on contractions of the rat uterus (in vitro) produced by oxytocin and E 1 and E 2 prostaglandins].
    Archivos de investigacion medica, 1972, Volume: 3

    Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Membrane Permeability; Female; Muscle Contraction; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Prost

1972
Tilt-bend cesarean section.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1973, Volume: 42, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Apgar Score; Bicarbonates; Blood;

1973
Inhibitory action of spermine on the contractions of rat uterus.
    The American journal of physiology, 1973, Volume: 225, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Calcium; Electrophysiology; Female; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Papaverine; Pregnan

1973
Letter: Management of pre-eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1974, Aug-29, Volume: 291, Issue:9

    Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Diet, Reducing; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Reserpine; Tetrac

1974
Spinal and extradural analgesia-anesthesia for parturition.
    Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1974, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bu

1974
Maternal mortality. From the files of the KMA maternal mortality study committee.
    The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association, 1974, Volume: 72, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Female; Humans; Kentucky; Maternal Mortality; Pr

1974
Intrapartum epidural anesthesia. An evaluation of effects on uterine activity.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1974, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Computers, Analog; Depression, Chemical; Electrocardi

1974
Smooth muscle relaxants: dissociation between resting membrane potential and resting tension in rat myometrium.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1969, Volume: 168, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Epinephrine; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potential

1969
A comparison of the effects of various smooth muscle relaxants on the electrical and mechanical activity of rat uterus.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1969, Volume: 168, Issue:1

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Electricity; Epinephrine; Female; In Vitro Techn

1969
Effect of pudendal, spinal, and peridural block anesthesia on the second stage of labor.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1972, May-15, Volume: 113, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia

1972
Unblocked segments in epidural analgesia for relief of pain in labour.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1972, Volume: 44, Issue:7

    Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Carbonates; Chloride

1972
Single-dose caudal analgesia in obstetrics.
    The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 1971, Volume: 70, Issue:10

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Mepivacaine

1971
[Peridural block with prolonged action. Preliminary trial].
    Ginecologia y obstetricia de Mexico, 1970, Volume: 28, Issue:167

    Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Lidocaine; Methods;

1970
Epidural analgesia in obstetrics.
    The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1970, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Absorption; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Di

1970
Massachusetts abandons "locality" rule.
    The Journal of the Maine Medical Association, 1968, Volume: 59, Issue:7

    Topics: Anesthesiology; Female; Humans; Jurisprudence; Malpractice; Massachusetts; Pregnancy; Tetracaine

1968
An evaluation of bupivacaine in epidural analgesia for obstetrics.
    Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1969, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans

1969
The effect of anesthesia on the acid-base status of the fetus.
    Anesthesiology, 1969, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Respiratory; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anest

1969
Mepivacaine for spinal anesthesia in vaginal delivery. An objective comparison with tetracaine.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1966, Oct-01, Volume: 96, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Female; Humans; Mepivacaine; Pregnancy; Tetracaine

1966