tetracaine and Pain

tetracaine has been researched along with Pain in 158 studies

Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.
tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.

Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Research

Studies (158)

Authors

Clinical Trials (30)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Stage I: Duration of Anesthesia as Measured by Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat) for One Spray CTY-5339-A Compared to One Spray CTY-5339-CB Compared to One Spray CTY-5339-P (Placebo: Vehicle Control)

"The duration of effect, was defined as the time from onset to treatment failure, as measured by QST Heat score. QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point. The QST Heat-based Duration of effect was calculated by the length of time in minutes from onset of anesthesia to the absence of anesthesia where Onset of anesthesia was defined by PPT unless specific QST thresholds were not met. After Onset had been established, absence of analgesia or offset was the first of two time points with consecutive occurrences of regression or absence of analgesia. Reports of QST heat pain temperature by ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST indicated analgesia; while a report of similar (<3 °C) than Baseline indicated regression or absence of analgesia. Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Duration of Anesthesia as Measured by Pin Prick Test (PPT) for One Spray CTY-5339-A Compared to One Spray CTY-5339-CB Compared to One Spray CTY-5339-P (Placebo: Vehicle Control)

"The duration of effect, was defined as the length of time in minutes from onset of anesthesia to the absence of anesthesia.Onset was the time point at which the PPT average pain score was less than the Baseline PPT average score by any amount. Also, in 10 minutes or less, the subject must have had a lower PPT average pain score of ≥ 1 unit than Baseline. Absence of anesthesia was defined as follows: After Onset had been established, absence was the first of two time points with consecutive occurrences of regression of absence of analgesia. Reports of less pain by ≥1 unit than Baseline indicated analgesia; while a report of similar (< 1 unit) or more pain than Baseline indicated regression or absence of analgesia. The minimum onset time was 1 minute. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Duration of Minimal Pain for Pin Prick Test (PPT) (≤2 on Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scale)

"Response at a time point is defined as having the PPT average pain score of ≤2. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Onset of Anesthesia for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat)

"Onset of anesthesia was defined by Pin Prick Test (PPT) unless specific QST thresholds were not met.~If the PPT Onset was 5 minutes or less, then QST must have been greater than the Baseline QST temperature at 5 minutes by any amount and QST must have been ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST at 5 or 10 minutes.~If the PPT Onset was 10 minutes, then QST must have been ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST temperature at 10 minutes.~If PPT did not achieve Onset, then QST alone could have achieved onset at either 5 or 10 minutes if QST was greater than the Baseline QST temperature at 5 or 10 minutes by any amount and the QST was ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST at 5 or 10 minutes.~QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Onset of Anesthesia for Pin Prick Test (PPT)

"Onset of anesthesia was the time point at which the PPT average pain score was less than the Baseline PPT average score by any amount. Also, in 10 minutes or less, the subject must have had a lower PPT average pain score of ≥ 1 unit than the Baseline PPT. Onset was expected to be between 1 and 5 minutes. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Maximum Heat for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat)

"QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point. Reaching maximum heat for QST Heat was defined as subjects reaching the maximum temperature without reporting pain at one or more time points.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Any time within one hour post-application

Stage I: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Minimal Pain on Pin Prick Test (PPT) (≤2 on Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scale)

"Response is defined as a subject having a PPT average pain score of ≤2 recorded at any single time point where PPT was performed. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Any time within one hour post-application

Stage II: Duration of Anesthesia as Measured by Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat) for One Spray CTY-5339-A Compared to One Spray CTY-5339-CB

"The duration of effect, was defined as the time from onset to treatment failure, as measured by QST Heat score. QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point. The QST Heat-based Duration of effect was calculated by the length of time in minutes from onset of anesthesia to the absence of anesthesia where Onset of anesthesia was defined by PPT unless specific QST thresholds were not met. After Onset had been established, absence of analgesia or offset was the first of two time points with consecutive occurrences of regression or absence of analgesia. Reports of QST heat pain temperature by ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST indicated analgesia; while a report of similar (<3 °C) than Baseline indicated regression or absence of analgesia. Stage" (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Duration of Anesthesia as Measured by Pin Prick Test (PPT) for One Spray CTY-5339-A Compared to One Spray CTY-5339-CB

"The duration of effect, was defined as the length of time in minutes from onset of anesthesia to the absence of anesthesia.Onset was the time point at which the PPT average pain score was less than the Baseline PPT average score by any amount. Also, in 10 minutes or less, the subject must have had a lower PPT average pain score of ≥ 1 unit than Baseline. Absence of anesthesia was defined as follows: After Onset had been established, absence was the first of two time points with consecutive occurrences of regression of absence of analgesia. Reports of less pain by ≥1 unit than Baseline indicated analgesia; while a report of similar (< 1 unit) or more pain than Baseline indicated regression or absence of analgesia. The minimum onset time was 1 minute. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Duration of Minimal Pain for Pin Prick Test (PPT) (≤2 on Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scale)

"Response at a time point is defined as having the PPT average pain score of ≤2. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Onset of Anesthesia for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat)

"Onset of anesthesia was defined by Pin Prick Test (PPT) unless specific QST thresholds were not met.~If the PPT Onset was 5 minutes or less, then QST must have been greater than the Baseline QST temperature at 5 minutes by any amount and QST must have been ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST at 5 or 10 minutes.~If the PPT Onset was 10 minutes, then QST must have been ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST temperature at 10 minutes.~If PPT did not achieve Onset, then QST alone could have achieved onset at either 5 or 10 minutes if QST was greater than the Baseline QST temperature at 5 or 10 minutes by any amount and the QST was ≥ 3 °C of the Baseline QST at 5 or 10 minutes.~QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Onset of Anesthesia for Pin Prick Test (PPT)

"Onset of anesthesia was the time point at which the PPT average pain score was less than the Baseline PPT average score by any amount. Also, in 10 minutes or less, the subject must have had a lower PPT average pain score of ≥ 1 unit than the Baseline PPT. Onset was expected to be between 1 and 5 minutes. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Maximum Heat for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat)

"QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point. Reaching maximum heat for QST Heat was defined as subjects reaching the maximum temperature without reporting pain at one or more time points.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Any time within one hour post-application

Stage II: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Minimal Pain on Pin Prick Test (PPT) (≤2 on Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scale)

"Response is defined as a subject having a PPT average pain score of ≤2 recorded at any single time point where PPT was performed. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Any time within one hour post-application

Stage I: Percentage of Responders for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat) at Each Time Point

"Response at a time point is defined as an increase of QST heat pain temperature by ≥ 3 degrees C compared to the Baseline QST. QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Time of application up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Percentage of Responders for Pin Prick Test (PPT) at Each Time Point

"Response at at time point is defined as when the PPT average pain score was less than the Baseline PPT average score by any amount. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Time of application up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Sum of Pain Intensity Differences (SPID) for Pin Prick Test (PPT) (Post-hoc)

"SPID was calculated as a sum of the delta PPT scores at each time point until the designated time point. The delta PPT score is defined as the change in PPT score from baseline. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~The total possible scale range was from -100 (best) to +100 (worst) for SPID at the 30 minute time point, and from -160 (best) to +160 (worst) for SPID at the 60 minute time point Lower scores signify a better outcome (less sensitive to pain than at baseline = less pain with therapy = therapy was more effective).~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage I: Sum of Temperature Differences (STID) for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat) (Post-hoc)

"STID was calculated as a sum of the delta QST Heat scores at each time point until the designated time point. The delta QST Heat score is defined as the change in QST Heat score from baseline. QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~The total possible scale range was from -155 ºC (best) to +155 ºC (worst) for STID at the 30 minute time point, and from -248 ºC (best) to +248 ºC (worst) for SPID at the 60 minute time point Lower scores signify a better outcome (less sensitive to pain than at baseline = less pain with therapy = therapy was more effective).~Stage I outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Percentage of Responders for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat) at Each Time Point

"Response at a time point is defined as an increase of QST heat pain temperature by ≥ 3 degrees C compared to the Baseline QST.~QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Percentage of Responders for Pin Prick Test (PPT) at Each Time Point

"Response at at time point is defined as when the PPT average pain score was less than the Baseline PPT average score by any amount. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Sum of Pain Intensity Differences (SPID) for Pin Prick Test (PPT) (Post-hoc)

"SPID was calculated as a sum of the delta PPT scores at each time point until the designated time point. The delta PPT score is defined as the change in PPT score from baseline. PPT scores were assessed using a 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) Numerical Rating Scale at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~The total possible scale range was from -100 (best) to +100 (worst) for SPID at the 30 minute time point, and from -160 (best) to +160 (worst) for SPID at the 60 minute time point Lower scores signify a better outcome (less sensitive to pain than at baseline = less pain with therapy = therapy was more effective).~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

Stage II: Sum of Temperature Differences (STID) for Heat Sensation Threshold (QST Heat) (Post-hoc)

"STID was calculated as a sum of the delta QST Heat scores at each time point until the designated time point. The delta QST Heat score is defined as the change in QST Heat score from baseline. QST Heat scores were the temperature where the sensation of a heat stimuli was felt: ranging from 35 ºC to a maximum of 50.5 ºC with intervals of 0.5 ºC, at a frequency of every 1 minute for the first 5 minutes and then every 5 minutes thereafter until the final 60 minute time point.~The total possible scale range was from -155 ºC (best) to +155 ºC (worst) for STID at the 30 minute time point, and from -248 ºC (best) to +248 ºC (worst) for SPID at the 60 minute time point Lower scores signify a better outcome (less sensitive to pain than at baseline = less pain with therapy = therapy was more effective).~Stage II outcome." (NCT03233737)
Timeframe: Up to one hour post-application

NRS Pain Score After Blunt Dissection

Patient reported NRS pain scores after Blunt Dissection. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Measured once anytime up to 60 minutes following intranasal administration

NRS Pain Score After Irrigation

Patient reported NRS pain scores after Irrigation. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Measured once anytime up to 60 minutes following intranasal administration

NRS Pain Score After Lidocaine Injection

Patient reported NRS pain scores after Lidocaine injection. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Following Lidocaine injection measured once anytime up to 12 minutes after intranasal administration

NRS Pain Score After Packing of Abscess

Patient reported pain after Packing of abscess. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Measured once at the time of completion of application of the bandage, up to 60 minutes following intranasal administration

NRS Pain Score Following Incision

Patient reported NRS pain scores following Incision. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Measured once anytime up to 60 minutes following intranasal administration

Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Score at Baseline

Patient reported pain scores at baseline. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Baseline

Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Score for Overall Procedure

Patient reported pain scores for overall Procedure assessed immediately after placement of dressing at the end of procedure. The NRS for pain is a reliable and validated measure of pain intensity ranging from 0 - no pain, to 10 - worst pain imaginable. (NCT03872700)
Timeframe: Measured once following placement of dressing at completion of procedure, up to 60 minutes following intranasal administration

Breath Rate After Withdrawal of Cystoscope

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: after withdrawal of cystoscope

Breath Rate at Cystoscopic Inspection of External Sphincter

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of external sphincter

Breath Rate at Cystoscopic Inspection of Penile and Bulbar Urthra

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of penile and bulbar Urthra

Breath Rate Before Gel Administration

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: before gel administration

Heart Rate After Withdrawal of Cystoscope

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: after withdrawal of cystoscope

Heart Rate at Cystoscopic Inspection of External Sphincter

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of external sphincter

Heart Rate at Cystoscopic Inspection of Penile and Bulbar Urthra

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of penile and bulbar urethra

Heart Rate Before Gel Administration

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: before gel administration

Mean Arterial Pressure After Withdrawal of Cystoscope

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: after withdrawal of cystoscope

Mean Arterial Pressure at Cystoscopic Inspection of External Sphincter

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of external sphincter

Mean Arterial Pressure at Cystoscopic Inspection of Penile and Bulbar Urthra

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of penile and bulbar urthra

Mean Arterial Pressure Before Gel Administration

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: before gel administration

Oxygen Saturation by Pulse After Withdrawal of Cystoscope

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: after withdrawal of cystoscope

Oxygen Saturation by Pulse at Cystoscopic Inspection of External Sphincter

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of external sphincter

Oxygen Saturation by Pulse at Cystoscopic Inspection of Penile and Bulbar Urthra

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of penile and bulbar urthra

Oxygen Saturation by Pulse Before Gel Administration

(NCT02502487)
Timeframe: before gel administration

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain

A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the patients' pain during the procedure. 0 means no pain, 1 to 3 means mild pain, 4 to 7 means moderate pain, and 8 to 10 means severe pain. Patients were asked the VAS score to express the degree of pain at each time point. (NCT02502487)
Timeframe: after withdrawal of cystoscope

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain

A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the patients' pain during the procedure. 0 means no pain, 1 to 3 means mild pain, 4 to 7 means moderate pain, and 8 to 10 means severe pain. Patients were asked the VAS score to express the degree of pain at each time point. (NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of external sphincter

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain

A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the patients' pain during the procedure. 0 means no pain, 1 to 3 means mild pain, 4 to 7 means moderate pain, and 8 to 10 means severe pain. Patients were asked the VAS score to express the degree of pain at each time point. (NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of penile and bulbar urethra

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain

A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the patients' pain during the procedure. 0 means no pain, 1 to 3 means mild pain, 4 to 7 means moderate pain, and 8 to 10 means severe pain. Patients were asked the VAS score to express the degree of pain at each time point. (NCT02502487)
Timeframe: at cystoscopic inspection of prostate and bladder

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain

A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the patients' pain during the procedure. 0 means no pain, 1 to 3 means mild pain, 4 to 7 means moderate pain, and 8 to 10 means severe pain. Patients were asked the VAS score to express the degree of pain at each time point. (NCT02502487)
Timeframe: before gel administration

Global Assessment of Satisfaction With Venipuncture

Rates of Satisfied and very satisfied are used to be compared between two groups. (NCT01744197)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the venipuncture.

Percentage of Patients With No or Minor Pain (VAS<3)

The primary efficacy endpoint is the subject's report of pain intensity regarding the venipuncture using a 0-10 VAS. The VAS <3 is considered as patients with no or minor pain and would be compared between 2 groups. (NCT01744197)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the venipuncture.

Percentage of Patients With No Pain (VAS=0)

The primary efficacy endpoint is the subject's report of pain intensity regarding the venipuncture using a 0-10 VAS. The VAS =0 is considered as patients with no pain and would also be compared between 2 groups. (NCT01744197)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the venipuncture.

Discomfort Level and Patient Satisfaction With the Preparation Protocol and Intravitreal Injection

"Discomfort according to the Eye Sensation Scale: 1-none, 2- mild, 3- moderate, 4- severe, 5- extremely severe~Patient satisfaction scale: 1=very unsatisfied, 2=unsatisfied, 3=neutral, 4=satisfied, 5= extremely satisfied" (NCT01087489)
Timeframe: immediately after injection, 1- hour later, and next day

Intraocular Pressure Change After Intravitreal Injection With Each Anesthetic Method, Results Reported in mmHg

intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured immediately after the injection, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after the injection (until it was 30 mmHg or below). Prior to injection IOP and post-injection IOP were compared to find the IOP change after injection. (NCT01087489)
Timeframe: immediately after injection, at 5, 10, 15 minutes

Presence and Severity of Keratopathy and the Size of Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

"Presence of corneal staining after the injection:~Quadrants of fluorescein staining: 0 1 2 3 4~Density of staining: 0- None 1- Mild 2- Moderate 3- Severe 4- corneal abrasion~Size of subconjunctival hemorrhage:~in clock hours" (NCT01087489)
Timeframe: within 10 minutes of the injection

Anxiety of Venipuncture

Participant anxiety was measured by the study participant and the objective observer before (anticipatory), during (venipuncture) and after (recovery) venipuncture using a validated visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS is a validated scale that is used to detect small changes in many types of observations. The scale ranges from 0-100 scores on a scale, and here the higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels. Only the participant's mean venipuncture (during venipuncture) anxiety scores are presented in outcome measure results here. (NCT00676364)
Timeframe: During venipuncture

Pain From Venipuncture

"Pain was measured immediately after venipuncture by the participant using the six-point FACES scale. FACES in not an acronym, but rather a description of a pain scale that uses pictures of faces in various states of pain. The FACES pain scale is a common scale used to measure pain with scores on a scale. The scale we used had six points from zero (0) to five (5) indicating different levels of pain. Lower scores indicate lower levels of pain, and higher scores indicate higher levels of pain." (NCT00676364)
Timeframe: Pain was measured immediately after venipuncture.

To Determine if a Difference in Pain Scale Ratings is Detectable Following Intramuscular Palivizumab Injection That Was Pre-treated With Placebo or Tetracaine.

Parent score 1-10 (1 representing no pain and 10 representing extreme pain) FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Score 0-10 (at baseline and post injection) (0 representing no pain and 10 representing extreme pain) Change in FLACC score (NCT00484393)
Timeframe: 2 visits, 1 month apart

Blinded Observer's Subjective Ratings of Participants' Pain Level at Tourniquet Placement, Using a 6-point NRS

The NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) is a 6-point rating scale where 0= no pain and 5 = worst pain. Blinded observers reported their own subjective evaluation of the level of pain experienced by the participants at tourniquet placement. Total number of participants subjectively evaluated as experiencing each pain level is reported. (NCT00530803)
Timeframe: before venipuncture

Blinded Observer's Subjective Ratings of the Participant's Pain Level at 5 Minutes Post Venipuncture Procedure, Using a 6-point NRS

The NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) is a 6-point rating scale where 0= no pain and 5 = worst pain. Blinded observers reported their own subjective evaluation of the level of pain participants were experiencing 5 minutes after the venipuncture was completed. Total number of participants subjectively evaluated as experiencing each pain level is reported. (NCT00530803)
Timeframe: 5 minutes post venipuncture

Blinded Observer's Subjective Ratings of the Participant's Pain Level at Needle Insertion, Using a 6-point NRS

The NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) is a 6-point rating scale where 0= no pain and 5 = worst pain. Blinded observers reported their own subjective evaluation of the level of pain experienced by the participants at needle insertion. Total number of participants subjectively evaluated as experiencing each pain level is reported. (NCT00530803)
Timeframe: during needle insertion

Parent Rating of Child's Pain Using a 6-point NRS

The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a 6-point rating scale where 0= no pain and 5 = worst pain. Parents reported their own subjective evaluation of participants pain level. Each participant had only one parental assessment. Total number of parental assessment for each pain level on the 6-point NRS is reported as total number of participants experiencing that pain level. (NCT00530803)
Timeframe: immediately after venipuncture is completed

Participants Self-rating of Pain Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.

"Participants were asked to report their level of pain using a 6-point Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale ranging from 0, no pain, to 5, the most pain you can have. The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale is a validated tool for measuring pain in patients as young as 3 years old. A FACES pain score less than or equal to 2 is considered no pain to mild pain, and is clinically acceptable. Studies have shown average FACES pain scores for children receiving vascular access with placebo to be 2.2 to 3.5." (NCT00530803)
Timeframe: immediately after completion of venipuncture

Pain Scores Assessed by Neonatal Facial Action

The presence or absence of 3 facial actions (brow bulge, eyes squeeze and deepening of the nasolabial furrow) were scored in 2 second intervals for the first 20 seconds (or less if the phase lasted < 20 seconds) of each procedure phase from the videotapes by a trained research assistant. The data were then collapsed for each facial action into the percentage of time the infant expressed the action. An overall pain score was computed by summing the percentage scores for the three facial actions and then dividing by three. The score ranged from 0% to 100% with higher values suggesting more pain. (NCT00267111)
Timeframe: For the purpose of analysis IM injection procedure was divided into 4 phases: baseline , cleansing, injection and recovery phases.. For each phase facial actions were scored for the first 20 seconds or less if the phase lasted < 20 seconds.

Visual Analogue Scale

"Parents and nurses were asked to assess the infant's pain response during the procedure using Visual analogue scale (VAS) on an unmarked horizontal 10 cm continuous line where 0=no pain on the left side and 10=worst possible pain on the right side. Parents and nurses were trained to use the VAS prior to the IM injection." (NCT00267111)
Timeframe: During the entire procedure

Reviews

14 reviews available for tetracaine and Pain

Trials

84 trials available for tetracaine and Pain

Other Studies

60 other studies available for tetracaine and Pain