tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine and Lung-Neoplasms

G-quadruplexes (G4) are structures formed at the ends of telomeres rich in guanines and stabilized by molecules that bind to specific sites. TMPyP4 and thymoquinone (TQ) are small molecules that bind to G4 and have drawn attention because of their role as telomerase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of telomerase inhibitors on cellular proliferation, senescence, and death. Two cell lines, LC-HK2 (non-small cell lung cancer - NSCLC) and RPE-1 (hTERT-immortalized), were treated with TMPyP4 (5 μM) and TQ (10 μM). Both inhibitors decreased telomerase activity. TMPyP4 increased the percentage of cells with membrane damage associated with cell death and decreased the frequency of cells in the S-phase. TMPyP4 reduced cell adhesion ability and modified the pattern of focal adhesion. TQ acted in a concentration-dependent manner, increasing the frequency of senescent cells and inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Thus, the present results showed that TMPyP4 and TQ, although acting as telomerase inhibitors, had a broader effect on other signaling pathways and processes in cells, differing from each other. However, they act both on malignant and immortalized cells, and further studies are needed before their anti-cancer potential can be considered.

Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Focal Adhesions; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Telomerase

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a pivotal role in the multistep pathway of tumor progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis. We have identified a porphyrin analogue, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine-tetra -p-tosylate salt (TMPP), as a potent inhibitor of FGF2 and VEGF receptor binding and activation. TMPP demonstrated potent inhibition of binding of soluble FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) to FGF2 immobilized on heparin at submicromolar concentrations. TMPP inhibits binding of radiolabeled FGF2 to FGFR in a cell-free system as well as to cells genetically engineered to express FGFR1. Furthermore, TMPP also inhibits the binding of VEGF to its tyrosine kinase receptor in a dose-dependent manner. In an in vitro angiogenic assay measuring the extent of endothelial cell growth, tube formation, and sprouting, TMPP dramatically reduced the extent of the FGF2-induced endothelial cell outgrowth and differentiation. In a Lewis lung carcinoma model, mice receiving TMPP showed a marked inhibition of both primary tumor progression and lung metastases development, with nearly total inhibition of the metastatic phenotype upon alternate daily injections of TMPP at 25 microg/g of body mass. Finally, novel meso-pyridylium-substituted, nonsymmetric porphyrins, as well as a novel corrole-based derivative, with >50-fold increase in activity in vitro, had a significantly improved efficacy in blocking tumor progression and metastasis in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung; Cell Division; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenotype; Porphyrins; Protein Binding; Rats; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Receptors, Growth Factor; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Time Factors