tellurium and Prostatic-Neoplasms

Functional nuclear medicine imaging with single-photon emission CT (SPECT) in combination with anatomical CT has been commercially available since the beginning of this century. The combination of the two modalities has improved both the sensitivity and specificity of many clinical applications and CT in conjunction with SPECT that allows for spatial overlay of the SPECT data on good anatomy images. Introduction of diagnostic CT units as part of the SPECT/CT system has also potentially allowed for a more cost-efficient use of the equipment. Most of the SPECT systems available are based on the well-known Anger camera principle with NaI(Tl) as a scintillation material, parallel-hole collimators and multiple photomultiplier tubes, which, from the centroid of the scintillation light, determine the position of an event. Recently, solid-state detectors using cadmium-zinc-telluride became available and clinical SPECT cameras employing multiple pinhole collimators have been developed and introduced in the market. However, even if new systems become available with better hardware, the SPECT reconstruction will still be affected by photon attenuation and scatter and collimator response. Compensation for these effects is needed even for qualitative studies to avoid artefacts leading to false positives. This review highlights the recent progress for both new SPECT cameras systems as well as for various data-processing and compensation methods.

Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Cadmium; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Multimodal Imaging; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Dosage; Tellurium; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Zinc

Herein, we report a fluorescence strategy for the homogeneous and simultaneous analysis of urine miRNA-375 and miRNA-148a. The target miRNAs in urine bonded the devised dumbbell-shaped "C-Ag

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cadmium Compounds; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quantum Dots; Tellurium

Topics: Cadmium Compounds; Cell Line; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quantum Dots; Tellurium

To evaluate the feasibility of short whole-body bone scan acquisition times using a novel gamma camera with cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) semiconductor detectors.. We retrospectively enrolled 78 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who underwent bone scintigraphy using a whole-body gamma camera with CZT detectors. After acquisition of list-mode data with 180 s per bed position, anterior and posterior whole-body images were reconstructed using the first 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the list-mode data. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the images, and interrater agreement and the diagnostic value of the images were determined. Quantitative artificial neural network (ANN) values, bone scan indexes (BSI) and hotspot numbers (HsN) were also calculated by automated diagnostic software.. Excellent interrater reliabilities of the visual assessments were obtained for the 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% images (κ = 0.88, 0.88, 0.88 and 0.88, respectively). The 5% images also showed high diagnostic value (sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.84 and accuracy 0.86). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the 100% images and the reduced acquisition time images were evaluated in quantitative analyses, and excellent correlations were observed for ANN value in the 75% images (ICC 0.77), for BSI in all the reduced acquisition time images (75%, 50%, 25%, 10% and 5%; ICC 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.75, respectively), and for HsN in the 75%, 50%, 25% and 10% images (ICC 0.99, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.90, respectively).. Whole-body gamma cameras with CZT detectors have the potential to reduce image acquisition times and the dose of radioisotope injected for bone scans.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Cadmium; Gamma Cameras; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Tellurium; Whole Body Imaging; Zinc

In this paper, we fabricated novel carboxymethyl chitosan-coated CdTe quantum dots (CMC-CdTe QDs) via the electrostatic interaction between amino groups in the carboxymethyl chitosan polymeric chains and carboxyl groups of the CdTe QDs. Carboxymethyl chitosan on the surface of CdTe QDs had strong binding ability with Zn(2+), resulting in the obvious enhancement of the photoluminescence of CdTe QDs. The photoluminescence intensity of CMC-CdTe QDs probe was proportional to the concentration of Zn(2+) in the range of 5.0 × 10(-6) to 5.0 × 10(-3) mol l(-1). The detection limit for Zn(2+) was 4.5 × 10(-6) mol l(-1). The experimental results indicate that the CMC-CdTe QDs possess favorable cell compatibility, good sensitivity and selectivity for intracellular Zn(2+) sensing, and are promising candidates for cellular imaging and sensing in prostate cancer cells. The present study also provides an approach for the further development of nanoprobes dedicated to intracellular sensing.

Topics: Cadmium Compounds; Chitosan; Fluorescence; Humans; Intracellular Space; Ions; Male; Molecular Probes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quantum Dots; Tellurium; Time Factors; Zinc

In novel treatment approaches, therapeutics should be designed to target cancer stem cells (CSCs). Quantum dots (QDs) are a promising new tool in fighting against cancer. However, little is known about accumulation and cytotoxicity of QDs in CSCs.. Accumulation and cytotoxicity of CdTe-MPA (mercaptopropionic acid) QDs in CSCs were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques as well as a colorimetric cell viability assay.. We investigated the expression of two cell surface-associated glycoproteins, CD44 and CD133, in four different cancer cell lines (glioblastoma, melanoma, pancreatic, and prostate adenocarcinoma). Only the melanoma cells were positive to both markers of CD44 and CD133, whereas the other cells were only CD44-positive. The QDs accumulated to a similar extent in all subpopulations of the melanoma cells. The phenotypical response after QD treatment was compared with the response after ionizing radiation treatment. The percentage of the CD44(high-)CD133(high) subpopulation decreased from 72% to 55%-58% for both treatments. The stem-like subpopulation CD44(high)CD133(low/-) increased from 26%-28% in the untreated melanoma cells to 36%-40% for both treatments.. Treatment of melanoma cells with QDs results in an increase of stem-like cell subpopulations. The changes in phenotype distribution of the melanoma cells after the treatment with QDs are comparable with the changes after ionizing radiation.

Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; AC133 Antigen; Antigens, CD; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cadmium Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Flow Cytometry; Glioblastoma; Glycoproteins; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Male; Melanoma; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peptides; Phenotype; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quantum Dots; Tellurium