tellurium and Ovarian-Neoplasms

The combined detection of CA125, CEA and AFP is of great significance in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes have apparent advantages in multiplex immunoassays of ovarian cancer markers. In this paper, a novel PhC barcode was assembled from dendritic silica nanoparticles (dSiO

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cadmium Compounds; Humans; Immunoassay; Nanoparticles; Ovarian Neoplasms; Quantum Dots; Reproducibility of Results; Silicon Dioxide; Tellurium

To determine the influence of weight, height, gender, age, heart rate, and blood pressure on count rate in cadmium-zinc-telluride single-photon emission computed tomography (CZT SPECT) gated radionuclide angiography.. A total of 1,065 eligible patients referred for routine assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction were registered from August 2015 to November 2016. Data were recorded on heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age, gender, height, weight, and count rate. All radionuclide angiographies were performed on a dedicated cardiac CZT SPECT camera, GE Discovery 530c. A dose of 550 MBq. Count rate varied from 1.2 to 8.9 counts per second. All test variables were significantly associated with count rate. From the preliminary analysis, weight appeared as the main contributing factor for explaining the variations in count rate with and R. Patient height, weight, gender, and age have significant impact on count rate when performing CZT radionuclide angiography and may subsequently be used for individualized planning of tracer dosage.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiography; Anthropometry; Blood Pressure; Breast Neoplasms; Cadmium; Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography; Cardiomyopathies; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Quality Control; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Tellurium; Young Adult; Zinc

The interactions of selenite and tellurite with cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases (TrxR1 and TrxR2) and glutathione reductases (GR) from yeast and mammalian sources were explored. Both TrxR1 and TrxR2 act as selenite and tellurite reductases. Kinetic treatment shows that selenite has a greater affinity than tellurite with both TrxR1 and TrxR2. Considering both k(cat) and K(m), selenite shows a better catalytic efficiency than tellurite with TrxR1, whereas with TrxR2, the catalytic efficiency is similar for both chalcogens. Tellurite is a good substrate for GR, whereas selenite is almost completely ineffective. Selenite or tellurite determine a large mitochondrial permeability transition associated with thiol group oxidation. However, with increasing concentrations of both chalcogens, only about 25% of total thiols are oxidized. In isolated mitochondria, selenite or tellurite per se does not stimulate H₂O₂ production, which, however, is increased by the presence of auranofin. They also determine a large oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides. In ovarian cancer cells both chalcogens decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicate that selenite and tellurite, interacting with the thiol-dependent enzymes, alter the balance connecting pyridine nucleotides and thiol redox state, consequently leading to mitochondrial and cellular alterations essentially referable to a disulfide stress.

Topics: Animals; Auranofin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane Permeability; Female; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria, Liver; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyridines; Rats; Sodium Selenite; Substrate Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tellurium; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Yeasts

Selenium is an essential trace element incorporated as selenocysteine in 25 human selenoproteins. Among them are thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidases, all central proteins in the regulation of the cellular thiol redox state. In this paper the effects of selenite and tellurite treatment in human cancer cells are reported and compared. Our results show that both selenite and tellurite, at relatively low concentrations, are able to increase the expression of mitochondrial and cytosolic TrxR in cisplatin-sensitive (2008) and -resistant (C13*) phenotypes. We further investigated the cellular effects induced by selenite or tellurite in combination with the specific TrxR inhibitor auranofin. Selenite pretreatment induced a dramatic increase in auranofin cytotoxicity in both resistant and sensitive cells. Investigation of TrxR activity and expression levels as well as the cellular redox state demonstrated the involvement of TrxR inhibition and redox changes in selenite and auranofin combined action.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Auranofin; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cisplatin; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Sodium Selenite; Tellurium; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase

An investigation of the efficacy of astatine-211--tellurium colloid for the treatment of experimental malignant ascites in mice reveals that this alpha-emitting radiocolloid can be curative without causing undue toxicity to normal tissue. By comparison, negatron-emitting phosphorus-32 as colloidal chromic phosphate had no antineoplastic activity. The most compelling explanation for this striking difference is the dense ionization and short range of action associated with alpha-emission. These results have important implications for the development and use of alpha-emitters as radiocolloid therapy for the treatment of human tumors.

Topics: Alpha Particles; Animals; Ascites; Astatine; Cell Survival; Chromium; Chromium Compounds; Colloids; Female; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phosphates; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Tellurium; Transplantation, Homologous