technetium-tc-99m-sulfur-colloid and Thrombophlebitis

The major role of nuclear medicine in clinical oncology is in tumor imaging, which includes evaluating specific organs or the entire body for the presence of tumor. Nuclear medicine studies have been used clinically in the initial evaluation of the tumor extent and in the subsequent management of the cancer patient to assess response to treatment, to detect early relapse, and to assist in making decisions concerning follow-up treatment. Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin perfusion study for intraarterial chemotherapy has been helpful in monitoring the catheter tip, providing a map of regional perfusion at the capillary level (tumor vascularity), evaluating the degree of arteriovenous shunt in tumor bed, and optimizing division of the dose of chemotherapeutic agent when bilateral arterial catheters are used. Quantitative and serial radionuclide angiocardiography has been useful in assessing doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) toxicity, and 67Ga-citrate imaging has been used to monitor chemotherapy effect on lungs and kidneys. Radionuclide venography can demonstrate suspected thrombus, and the delineation of the vascular anatomy also allows proper placement of another catheter for continuous effective chemotherapy. Serial bone scans have been the primary modality to assess the response of bone metastasis to systemic therapy in breast cancer patients, and nuclear hepatic imaging may show tumor response, hepatocellular dysfunction, and cholecystitis related to chemotherapeutic agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; Doxorubicin; Gallium Radioisotopes; Heart Failure; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lung; Lung Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplasms; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Lymphoscintigraphy, using technetium-99m-labeled sulphur microcolloid, was employed to study the flow and transport of lymph in the lower extremities of 39 consecutive patients in whom lymphedema of one or both legs was suspected clinically. Time-activity curves of four segments of each leg were evaluated for lymph capacity, flow and soft-tissue uptake, and compared with the results from film scintigraphy. Curve analysis provided quantitative evaluation of the extent of hypoplasia or aplasia in primary lymphedema and of lymphatic obstruction in secondary lymphedema, and is particularly suited to assess the involvement of lymphatics in chronic venous disease. Film scintigraphy, on the other hand, is preferable in cases in which the pattern of activity distribution in the affected extremity is diagnostic, such as in dermal back flow, traumatic lymphocele, or megalymphatics. Venography is most informative in cases of suspected underlying venous disease, but the role of lymphangiography, which shows only part of the lymphatic system and requires incision of the edematous tissues, is considered questionable.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Leg; Lymphatic System; Lymphedema; Lymphoscintigraphy; Male; Middle Aged; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis; Tin; Tin Compounds; Varicose Veins

Thrombus uptake values of several 99mTc labeled radiocolloids determined using an experimental rodent model of deep venous thrombosis were correlated with particle size distributions. The thrombus uptake values increased with increasing mean particle size. The 99mTc-tin colloid had the highest thrombus uptake value of any of the colloids used in this study.

Topics: Animals; Male; Particle Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Technetium; Technetium Compounds; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis; Tin; Tin Compounds; Tissue Distribution

Clots of 1 ml venous blood formed in glass tubes after 10 min at room temperature were incubated at 37 degrees C with the radiopharmaceutical to be studied. Methods for quality control of the radiopharmaceuticals were compared. Gel chromatography scanning was found to give reliable information. The incorporation into the clot was studied at different pH values and after various time intervals. The highest incorporation was found for 125I-fibrinogen and for 99mTc-macroaggregates of albumin, followed by 99mTc-sulphur colloid and 99mTc-streptokinase at pH less than 2. The titrated initial dose of 99mTc-streptokinase was studied at various pH levels. The lysing effect was less in the pH range 1-2.5, where the best labeling yield was obtained. The inactivation of streptokinase by the labeling procedure was also studied with immunoelectrophoresis and decomposition of casein. In vitro studies of the interaction of radiopharmaceuticals with clots add information for the clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals for thrombus localization.

Topics: Fibrinogen; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Streptokinase; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis

Three radiopharmaceutical groups (colloids, specific biomolecules and blood cells) and a control group were investigated with regard to their ability to rapidly diagnose deep venous thrombosis in an experimental rabbit model. An artificial thrombus was induced in the jugular vein and the radiopharmaceuticals were injected either homolaterally or contralaterally relative to the thrombus. The accumulation of the radioactivity in the thrombus 30 min after the induction was determined in vivo from scintillation camera images. After dissection of the jugular vein, the radioactivity of the thrombus was measured in vitro. None of the investigated radiopharmaceutical groups showed any marked high thrombus uptake after contralateral injections, not even the groups that consisted of substances known to be actively involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis. The results exclude a high degree of specific interaction between the radiopharmaceuticals and the thrombus in our model. After homolateral injection only colloids and reduced 99Tcm-pertechnetate showed a high thrombus uptake, thus also excluding a specific binding to thrombus. This investigation shows that none of the specific radiopharmaceuticals had a greater ability to accumulate in the thrombus than the colloids, and it is therefore suggested that the clinical usefulness is due to other mechanisms, like circulatory changes secondary to the DVT.

Topics: Animals; Blood Cells; Blood Platelets; Cadaverine; Colloids; Erythrocytes; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysin; Indium; Iodine Radioisotopes; Leukocytes; Rabbits; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Serum Albumin; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Fibrinogen; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Leg; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis; Time Factors

Topics: Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Sulfur; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis

Scintigrams of the leg were obtained following antecubital venous injection of 99mTc-sulfur colloid (SC) in 25 patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis. Contrast venograms were taken following the scan in all cases. Of 14 patients with confirmed deep venous thrombosis, 11 had positive scans. Of 11 patients with normal venograms, 10 had negative scintigrams. The simplicity of 99mTc-SC venography and its high rate of accuracy (84% in this series) suggest that it may be useful as a relatively noninvasive means of identifying deep venous thrombosis of the leg.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Pelvis; Radionuclide Imaging; Sulfur; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis; Veins

Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Knee; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Rupture, Spontaneous; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfur; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis

The binding of technetium-99m sulfur colloid to in vivo thrombi was studied in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis. After thrombosis was induced by mechanical traumatization of a right femoral vein segment, technetium-99m sulfur colloid was injected into the peripheral veins of different experimental groups at intervals of 30 min and 1-7 days. Ratios of mean activity in traumatized right femoral vein segment to activity in control segments of left femoral vein (R/L ratios) ranged form 2.97-11.0 for all in situ venous thrombi studied. There was no relation between clot size and R/L ratios. The significant uptake ratios observed by us for venous thrombi up to 1 wk in age suggest that in vivo thrombus detection may be feasible by imaging with a gamma camera after technetium-99m sulfur colloid injection in a peripheral vein.

Topics: Animals; Colloids; Femoral Vein; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Sulfur; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; Thrombophlebitis; Time Factors