tannins and Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a major health issue of the present era. The bacterium inhabits the host macrophage and other immune cells where it modulates the lysosome trafficking protein, hinders the formation of phagolysosome, and blocks the TNF receptor-dependent apoptosis of host macrophage/monocytes. Other limitations such as resistance to and low bioavailability and bio-distribution of conventional drugs aid to their high virulence and human mortality. This review highlights the use of nanotechnology-based approaches for drug formulation and delivery which could open new avenues to limit the pathogenicity of tuberculosis. Moreover phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids, extracted from terrestrial plants and mangroves seem promising against M. tuberculosis through different molecular mechanisms. Further understanding of the genomics and proteomics of this pathogenic microbe could also help overcome various research gaps in the path of developing a suitable therapy against tuberculosis.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Alkaloids; Antitubercular Agents; Avicennia; Genomics; Humans; Macrophages; Monocytes; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nanotechnology; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants; Proteomics; Saponins; Steroids; Tannins; Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is a major threat to global public health. Currently, β-lactam antibiotics are rarely used in the treatment of TB, since Mtb naturally expresses β-lactamase (Blac) which renders Mtb resistant to such antibiotics due to β-lactam cleavage. Fortunately, antibiotic resistance can be overcome when β-lactam antibiotics are combined with a Blac inhibitor. With the current research, a near-infrared fluorescent probe LXMB was developed for the real-time detection and imaging of endogenous Blac activity in Mtb. Furthermore, a high-throughput screening platform was established using LXMB to screen Blac inhibitors from herbal medicines. Guided by the visual bioassay, Tannic acid was isolated from Galla Chinensis as a potential Blac inhibitor and was further evaluated in combination with several β-lactam antibiotics which resulted in an enhanced inhibitory effect toward M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Finally, LXMB was used to label live M. tuberculosis H37Ra phagocytosed within macrophages. Consequently, LXMB was a useful fluorescent tool to explore the mechanism of drug resistance based on Blac and can assist in the development of new tuberculosis treatments.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Biosensing Techniques; Fluorescent Dyes; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tannins; Tuberculosis

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibody Formation; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Migration Inhibition; Diphtheria Toxoid; Guinea Pigs; Hemagglutination Tests; Hemolysis; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Adherence Reaction; Immunity, Active; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Macrophages; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Peritoneum; Sheep; Skin Tests; Tannins; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis

Topics: Agglutination; Animals; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Erythrocytes; gamma-Globulins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immune Sera; Tannins; Temperature; Tuberculosis

Topics: Adult; Animals; Antibodies; Blood Proteins; Cattle; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Ovalbumin; Serum Albumin; Sheep; Streptomycin; Tannins; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Hemagglutination; Tannins; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animals; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Hemagglutination; Hemagglutination Tests; Research; Tannins; Tuberculosis