tannins and Mouth-Neoplasms

The present article reviewed the biological activities and possible dental application of three major polyphenols, i.e., lignin-carbohydrate complexes, tannins, and flavonoids, citing mostly our in vitro studies together with those from other groups. All these polyphenols showed much lower tumor-selective cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells vs. normal oral cells (gingival fibroblast, pulp cell, periodontal ligament fibroblast), in comparison to popular chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs. Several compounds showing higher tumor-selectivity did not induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, in oral carcinoma cell lines. Lignin-carbohydrate complex protected the cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV infection and UV irradiation more efficiently than other polyphenols. Limited digestion of lignin-carbohydrate complex suggests that the lignin moiety is involved in the prominent anti-HIV activity, whereas the carbohydrate moiety may function in immunopotentiating activity through a cell surface receptor. Alkaline extract of plant leaf, which contains higher amounts of lignin-carbohydrate complex, showed potent anti-inflammatory action against IL-1β-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Local application of lignin-carbohydrate complex through oral mucosa is recommended, considering its poor intestinal absorption.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; DNA Fragmentation; Flavonoids; Gingivitis; HIV Infections; Humans; Lignin; Mouth Neoplasms; Nucleosomes; Polyphenols; Sunscreening Agents; Tannins; Ultraviolet Rays

Structure and function of polypehnols with high molecular weights (tannins) were briefly reviewed to better understand the significance of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages. In a survey of bioactive ellagiannins with a macrocyclic structure and/or a gluconic acid core, some new oligomeric ellagitannins (eucarpanins and elaeagnatins) have been found in species of Myrtaceae and Elaeagnaceae, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Cytotoxic activity against human oral tumor cell lines and antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori have been evaluated for the ellagitannins obtained from both plants, and related compounds. The macrocyclic dimers, oentothein B, camelliin B and woodfordin C showed a remarkable cytotoxicity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not against normal cells. These active tannins induced apoptosis of tumor cells. A potent antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori was exhibited by monomeric ellagitannins such as tellimagrandin I and stricitinin.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Cell Survival; Flavonoids; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Mouth Neoplasms; Phenols; Polymers; Polyphenols; Tannins; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vegetables

The present study focuses on the antiproliferative activity of polyphenolic flavonoids found in defatted seeds of

Topics: Antioxidants; Azadirachta; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Flavonoids; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Momordica charantia; Mouth Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Rutin; Seeds; Tannins

Currently, natural products have been shown to present interesting biological and pharmacological activities and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. Plants have historically been used in treating cancer and are recognized for their ability to produce secondary metabolites. Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) has medicinal applications to treat a wide range of diseases such as cancer.. The current study was designed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of total extract as well as several fractions from the leaves of J. regia.The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins content of these extracts were also determined to obtain further information on the correlation between the contents of phenolic compounds and antiproliferative effects as well as the leaf developmental stages.. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry methods against human oral cancer, breast adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and butanol-HCl colorimetric methods.. Our present study has shown that chloroform fraction has the lowest IC(50) values (0.36-0.81 mg/mL) and also induces cell cycle arrest (G0\\G1 phase) after a 24 h treatment. The colorimetric methods showed the highest amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the methanol fraction (120.28 ± 2.32, 59.44 ± 0.87, 227.00 ± 4.91 mg/g of dry weight of extract).. The results obtained herein indicate that walnut chloroform fraction may contain effective compounds which can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Flavonoids; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Juglans; Mice; Mouth Neoplasms; NIH 3T3 Cells; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Tannins

Hydrolyzable tannins showed higher cytotoxic activity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland tumor cell lines than against normal human gingival fibroblasts, whereas gallic acid, a component unit of tannins, showed much weaker selective cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of dimeric compounds was generally higher than that of monomeric compounds. Macrocyclic ellagitannin oligomers, such as oenothein B, woodfordin C and woodfordin D showed the greatest cytotoxic activity, and their activity (per given number of molecules) was one order higher than those of gallic acid and epigallocatechin gallate, a major component of green tea. These compounds induced apoptotic cell death characterized by DNA fragmentation (as demonstrated by the TUNEL method) and cleavage of cytokeratin 18 by activated caspase(s) (as demonstrated by M30 monoclonal antibody). ESR spectroscopy revealed that these macrocyclic compounds at higher concentrations produced their own radicals and significantly enhanced the radical intensity of sodium ascorbate, possibly by their prooxidant actions. Catalase failed to eliminate their apoptosis-inducing activity, reducing the possibility of the involvement of hydrogen peroxide production in the extracellular fraction. These observations suggested that the antitumor activity of macrocyclic ellagitannin oligomers reported previously might be explained by their apoptosis-inducing activity.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Survival; Child; DNA Fragmentation; Female; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Hydrolysis; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Mouth Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tannins; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Topics: Arachis; Areca; Carcinogens; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Senecio; Tannins; Toxicology