tannins and Kidney-Diseases

Most clinical problems due to plant exposures result from experimentation with or overt abuse of plant parts and extracts. Plant exposures may present as complex pharmacologic problems that challenge the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of the physician. Although specific physiologic antagonists (antidotes) may exist for specific intoxications, basic decontamination and supportive techniques are often all that may be offered.

Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Contact; Emergencies; Gastroenteritis; Glycosides; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Magnoliopsida; Oils; Plant Extracts; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Resins, Plant; Tannins

Exposures to plants generate an exceptional amount of public concern, especially plant ingestions by children. Most clinical problems, however, involve older age groups as a result of experimentation with or overt abuse of plant parts and extracts. Of mounting concern is the sometimes uninformed and massive use of herbal preparations, currently widely available and in popular vogue. Plant exposures, from whatever source, may present as complex pharmacologic problems that may challenge the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of the physician. Although specific physiologic antagonists (antidotes) may exist for specific intoxications, basic decontamination and supportive techniques are many times all that may be offered.

Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Cyanides; Dermatitis, Contact; Emergencies; Female; Gastroenteritis; Glycosides; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Magnoliopsida; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Nervous System Diseases; Oils, Volatile; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Edible; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Resins, Plant; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Coffee; Contrast Media; Drug Contamination; Food Additives; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Diseases; Rats; Tannins; Tea

Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Flavonoids; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Phenols; Plants, Medicinal; Tannins; Uremia; USSR

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor drug that is powerful but can cause worse outcomes, including nephrotoxicity, and therefore has limited clinical use. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safer agents that can minimize the damage caused by the drug without shifting the treatment performance, in addition to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of DOX-induced aberrant in vivo renal activation. In this study, we tested the prophylactic capacity and mechanisms of action of tannic acid (TA) against DOX-mediated kidney damage in rats and evaluated the nephrotoxic activity of DOX when used with TA. Rats were treated during the two weeks with cumulative (18 mg/kg with six different injections) DOX, daily TA (50 mg/kg), and the DOX + TA combination. Changes in major metabolites and components involved in antioxidant metabolism were evaluated in the kidney tissues of all animals. Further, the gene expression levels of regulatory factors that have critical importance in cell metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis were investigated. Both biochemical and molecular examinations showed that TA improved DOX-induced dysregulations at both protein and gene levels in the kidneys. Increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione levels were reversed. Consistent with oxidative stress marker metabolites, suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities and transcript levels of antioxidant system members were restored. Of note, combination treatment with TA could overcome doxorubicin-induced gene expressions markedly altered by DOX, suggesting that nephroprotection conferred by TA involved the remodeling of stress resistance, cell metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Collectively, the present in vivo study suggests that TA could be used as a multitarget and effective agent for the mitigation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity without changing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Doxorubicin; Inflammation; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Tannins

Tannic acid (TA), a group of polyphenolic compounds, has multiple anticancer, antimutagenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of TA on arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced nephrotoxicity are still relatively unknown. This study investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of TA on ATO-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.. Rats were intragastrically administered TA with concurrent ATO infused intraperitoneally over 10 days. Renal morphology changes were observed through light microscopy. The levels of antioxidants and pro-inflammatory factors were measured in the serum and renal tissue, respectively. Further, expression of B-cell lymphoma-2, B-cell lymphoma-extra large, p53, and Bcl-2-associated X protein were measured using an immunohistochemical method. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were measured by Western blot.. The data showed that ATO exposure significantly increased the serum nephritic, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory markers in the renal tissue of rats. Conversely, pretreatment with TA reversed these changes. Furthermore, TA treatment caused a significant decrease in NF-κB expression (P < 0.05), while increasing Nrf2 and Keap1 expressions (P < 0.05).. TA ameliorates ATO-induced nephrotoxicity, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, potentially through the NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Arsenic Trioxide; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Interleukins; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Tannins

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of diethyl ether (DEE) and methanol (M) extracts from brown alga Padina boergesenii using in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assay, which may help to relate the antioxidant properties with the possible outline of its ameliorative effect. M extract showed higher radical scavenging activity through ferric reducing antioxidant power 139.11 µmol tannic acid equivalent/g; DPPH 71.32 ± 0.56%; deoxyribose radical 88.31 ± 0.47%, and total antioxidant activity 0.47 ± 0.02 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g. Oxidative red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis inhibition rate was significantly higher in M extract (150 mg/kg body weight) in reference to total phenolic content (r = 0.935). Rats administered with DEE and M extracts (150 mg/kg body weight) for seven days before the administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate (9 mg of Fe/mg/kg bodyweight). Rats pretreated with extracts significantly changed the level of renal microsomal lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes in post-mitochondrial supernatant (P < 0.05). Ameliorative effect of extracts against renal oxidative damage was evident in rat kidney through changes in necrotic and epithelial cells. HPTLC technique has identified the presence of rutin with reference to retardation factor (Rf ) in both the extracts. These findings support the source of polyphenols (rutin) from P. boergesenii had potent antioxidant activity; further work on isolation of bioactive compounds can be channeled to develop as a natural antioxidant.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Deoxyribose; Epithelial Cells; Female; Ferric Compounds; Free Radicals; Hemolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Diseases; Microsomes; Necrosis; Nitrilotriacetic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Phaeophyceae; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rutin; Tannins

The clinical application of cisplatin is limited due to its drug resistance and side effects. We investigated the effect of a phlorotannin-rich extract from the edible brown alga Ecklonia cava (PREC) and its major phlorotannin (dieckol) on cisplatin responsiveness and side effects.. The A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines and the SKOV3-bearing mouse model were used. The MTT assay was applied to assess cell viability, and the annexin V assay was employed for apoptosis analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protein expression were assessed by H2DCFDA staining and Western blotting, respectively.. We found that PREC enhanced the tumor growth-inhibitory effect of cisplatin and diminished cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and weight loss in SKOV3-bearing mice. PREC augmented cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activating caspases in SKOV3 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells. In addition, a combination of PREC and cisplatin-induced ovarian cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating the Akt and NFκB pathways. We further demonstrated that PREC increased intracellular ROS and that antioxidants significantly attenuated Akt-NFκB activation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. In contrast, PREC inhibited cisplatin-induced ROS production and cell death in normal HEK293 kidney cells. Dieckol, a major compound in PREC, significantly enhanced the inhibition of tumor growth by cisplatin with less weight loss and kidney damage in a mouse model.. These data suggest that brown algae phlorotannins may improve the efficacy of platinum drugs for ovarian cancer by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis via the ROS/Akt/NFκB pathway and reduce nephrotoxicity by protecting against normal kidney cell damage.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cisplatin; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phaeophyceae; Random Allocation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tannins; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Cis-Platinum (II) (cis-diammine dichloroplatinum; CDDP) is a potent antitumor compound widely used for the treatment of many malignancies. An important side-effect of CDDP is nephrotoxicity. The cytotoxic action of this drug is often thought to induce oxidative stress and be associated with its ability to bind DNA to form CDDP-DNA adducts and apoptosis in kidney cells. In this study, the protective effect of cactus cladode extract (CCE) against CDDP-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were investigated in mice. We also looked for levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, chromosome aberrations (CA) test, SOS Chromotest, expressions of p53, bax and bcl2 in kidney and we also analyzed several parameters of renal function markers toxicity such as serum biochemical analysis.. Adult, healthy balb/c (20-25 g) male mice aged of 4-5 weeks were pre-treated by intraperitonial administration of CCE (50 mg/Kg.b.w) for 2 weeks. Control animals were treated 3 days a week for 4 weeks by intraperitonial administration of 100 μg/Kg.b.w CDDP. Animals which treated by CDDP and CCE were divided into two groups: the first group was administrated CCE 2 hours before each treatment with CDDP 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The second group was administrated without pre-treatment with CCE but this extract was administrated 24 hours after each treatment with CDDP 3 days a week for 4 weeks.. Our results showed that CDDP induced significant alterations in all tested oxidative stress markers. In addition it induced CA in bone morrow cells, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and bax and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl2 in kidney. On the other hand, CDDP significantly increased the levels of urea and creatinine and decreased the levels of albumin and total protein.The treatment of CCE before or after treatment with CDDP showed, (i) a total reduction of CDDP induced oxidative damage for all tested markers, (ii) an anti-genotoxic effect resulting in an efficient prevention of chromosomal aberrations compared to the group treated with CDDP alone (iii) restriction of the effect of CDDP by differential modulation of the expression of p53 which is decreased as well as its associated genes such as bax and bcl2, (iiii) restriction of serums levels of creatinine, urea, albumin and total protein resuming its values towards near normal levels of control.. We concluded that CCE is beneficial in CDDP-induced kidney dysfunction in mice via its anti-oxidant anti-genotoxic and anti-apoptotic properties against CDDP.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cactaceae; Cisplatin; DNA Damage; Flavonoids; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Protective Agents; Tannins

Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic drug. Major drawback of cisplatin therapy is its nephrotoxicity. The objective of this study was to check the effect of tannic acid on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Post-treatment of tannic acid prevents cisplatin (5mg/kg) induced nephrotoxicity and decreases poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, phosphorylation of p38 and hypoacetylation of histone H4. In contrast, co-treatment of tannic acid potentiates the nephrotoxicity. Comparative nephrotoxicity studies show that co-treatment of tannic acid with reduced dose of cisplatin (1.5mg/kg) developed almost similar nephrotoxicity. MALDI protein profiling of plasma samples provides indirect evidence that tannic acid co-treatment increases bioavailability of cisplatin.

Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Proteins; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Cisplatin; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Histones; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serum Albumin; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tannins

The renal effects of water-soluble (W-S) and water-insoluble (W-INS) portions of the alcoholic extract of Revand Hindi (Rheum emodi) were investigated on cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate and gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and normal rats by monitoring the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum. The present investigations provide evidences that W-S fraction has nephroprotective effect on all the proximal tubule segments (S1, S2 and S3) possibly through antioxidant action of the tannins present in the fraction. W-INS also improved the renal function by protecting S2 segment of proximal tubule nephrotoxicity induced by metals viz cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride in rat models, however, this fraction has been found to enhance gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cadmium Chloride; Female; Gentamicins; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Mercuric Chloride; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Potassium Dichromate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rheum; Solubility; Tannins

Potential of sanguiin H-6, a component of Sanguisorbae Radix, to protect against oxidative damage in renal mitochondria and apoptosis mediated by peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) was examined using a model in which rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then subjected to renal ischemia followed reperfusion (LPS plus ischemia-reperfusion). Ischemia-reperfusion was achieved by occluding bilateral renal artery for 60 min and then releasing for 350 min. At 50 min after ischemia started, LPS was injected intravenously. LPS plus ischemia-reperfusion induced a large amount of 3-nitrotyrosine, an oxidative product of protein that is produced via ONOO(-) nitration, which was not detectable in normal group. Oxidative damage of mitochondria was indicated by an accumulated thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substance, glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) inactivation in the mitochondria. Treatment of rats with sanguiin H-6 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days prior to LPS plus ischemia-reperfusion attenuated the oxidative damage in the mitochondria. The amount of TBA-reactive substance was decreased and the GSH levels significantly increased as compared with that in control group. However, its effect on GSH-Px activity was much weaker. Apoptosis induced by LPS plus ischemia-reperfusion was detected by fluorescence staining, TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and electrophoretic analysis. Sanguiin H-6 appeared to inhibit apoptosis, and this was associated with the suppression of caspase-3 activity. These beneficial effects of sanguiin H-6 against oxidative damage in mitochondria and apoptosis contributed to the improvement in renal function by reversing the elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine caused by ONOO(-).

Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Caspase 3; Caspases; Creatinine; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Fragmentation; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Peroxynitrous Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sanguisorba; Tannins; Tyrosine

The effects of tannins purified from Rhei Rhizoma on various parameters of renal function were investigated in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. The glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow were significantly increased in rats given (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate at a dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 24 days. Administration of 5 mg of procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate also led to a significant increase in renal functional parameters. However, unlike the former two components, procyanidin C-1 3,3',3''-tri-O-gallate caused aggravation of renal function.

Topics: Adenine; Animals; Biflavonoids; Catechin; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Plants, Medicinal; Proanthocyanidins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Circulation; Rheum; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tannins

Oak poisoning occurred in crossbred cattle due to eating immature tender oak (Quercus incana) leaves. Mortality was 70%. The animals exhibited anorexia, severe constipation and brisket edema. The feces were hard, pelleted and coated with blood and mucous. Significant reductions in blood hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and significant elevations in serum bilirubin were observed. Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were greatly increased. There was bilirubinuria, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hypocalcemia, and greatly increased activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The levels of tannins and condensed tannins were 97.7 mg tannic acid equivalent and 5.8 mg catechin equivalent/g of dry leaves. There was extensive nephro- and hepatotoxicity in the affected cattle due to hydrolysable tannins and simple phenols in the oak leaves.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Anorexia; Blood Cells; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Constipation; Edema; Feces; Hypothermia; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Phenols; Plant Poisoning; Polyuria; Tannins; Trees

A study was conducted to identify and characterise the toxic principle in Terminalia oblongata, commonly known as yellow-wood. Crude aqueous extracts of yellow-wood leaf were found to produce the same liver lesion in mice as has been reported in ruminants. The hepatotoxic fraction was isolated and identified as a hydrolysable vegetable tannin called punicalagin. When given orally, the dose required to produce toxicity was at least 20 times greater than when given intraperitoneally. Following a given dose of punicalagin, the onset and severity of liver necrosis was found to be related to the time interval after dosing. In addition to punicalagin, an unidentified nephrotoxic substance was found which was capable of producing avascular renal necrosis without liver necrosis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Male; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Necrosis; Plants, Toxic; Tannins

Topics: Antibodies; Antigens; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Collagen Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Creatine Kinase; Endocrine System Diseases; Esophageal Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Heart Diseases; Hemagglutination Tests; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Lung Diseases; Microbial Collagenase; Nervous System Diseases; Precipitin Tests; Streptococcus; Tannins; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Amides; Clopamide; Diabetes Insipidus; Diuretics; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Sodium Chloride; Tannins; Vasopressins

Topics: Animals; Kidney Diseases; Rabbits; Tannins