tannins and Inflammatory-Bowel-Diseases

The intestinal barrier controls the absorption of nutrients and water whilst helping to prevent the entry of toxins and pathogenic micro-organisms from the lumen into the tissues. Deficiencies in the barrier are associated with various gastrointestinal and extra digestive disorders. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the relationship between increased intestinal permeability and disease, and considers the role of mucosal protectants (mucoprotectants) in restoring normal intestinal barrier function, with a particular focus on diarrheal disorders. Expert commentary: Impairment of the intestinal barrier characterizes a variety of diseases, and there is ongoing interest in the development of pharmacological approaches targeting the reduction of intestinal permeability. These include corticosteroids, aminosalicylates and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which act by reducing inflammation; probiotics, which modulate the production of mucin and epithelial tight junction proteins; and mucoprotectants, which form a protective film over the epithelium. Recently, preclinical and clinical data highlight, the ability of new mucoprotectants, such as gelatin tannate and xyloglucan, to protect the intestinal mucosa and to exert anti-diarrheal effects. In the future the ability of these substances to enhance the intestinal barrier may extend their use in the management of a variety of gastro-intestinal diseases associated with 'leaky gut'.

Topics: Demulcents; Diarrhea; Gelatin; Glucans; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Permeability; Tannins; Treatment Outcome; Xylans

The role of dietary tannin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still not clear. Therefore, we aim to study the effect of TA in the progression of IBD. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced model was used to mimic IBD. Metagenomics and metabolomics were performed to study the alteration of intestinal microbiota and metabolites. NCM460 and THP-1 cells were used for in vitro study. The amount of TA was associated with the outcomes of DSS-induced IBD as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Metabolomic and metagenomic analyses revealed that TA-induced enrichment of microbial metabolite gallic acid (GA) was responsible for the action of TA. Mechanistically, protective dose of GA promoted colonic mucus secretion to suppress bacterial infection and that it ameliorated DSS-induced epithelial damage by inhibiting p53 signaling, whereas toxic dose of GA directly caused epithelial damage by promoting cell cycle arrest. Therapeutic experiment showed protective dose of GA-promoted recovery of DSS-induced colonic inflammation. The role of tannase-containing bacteria can be transformed under different conditions in IBD progression.

Topics: Bacteria; Colitis; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Probiotics; Tannins

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global public health challenge that affects millions of people. Current medical treatments for IBD are not fully effective and may cause undesirable side effects on patients. Thus, there is an urgent need for safe, simple, and efficacious strategies to treat IBD in clinical settings. Here, we develop an oral polyphenol nanoparticle (PDT) by assembling dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP)-loaded poly-β-cyclodextrin with tannic acid via host-guest interactions for treating IBD. This one-step assembly process is rapid (within 10 s), reproducible, and free of harmful chemical agents, which can facilitate its clinical translation. PDT is negatively charged due to the three components, which enable it to specifically target the positively charged inflamed colonic mucosa through electrostatic attraction, thus localizing the drug at the inflamed site to reduce systemic exposure and side effects. Furthermore, PDT exhibits a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability derived from the tannic acid component, which can alleviate ROS-mediated inflammatory responses and ameliorate IBD symptoms. Compared with free DSP, PDT demonstrates sustained DSP release behavior in vitro and in vivo, as well as enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a colitis mouse model. These results suggest that PDT might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of IBD. Moreover, this facile polyphenol host-guest assembly strategy may provide a promising drug-delivery platform for treating various diseases STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To develop safe and effective treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we have designed an oral polyphenol nanoparticle (PDT) using the host-guest assembly of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP)-loaded poly-β-cyclodextrin with tannic acid. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, PDT has demonstrated remarkable inflammation-targeting, ROS-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with sustained release of DSP. Moreover, in an IBD mouse model, PDT has shown significantly improved therapeutic efficacy compared to free DSP. The host-guest assembly strategy employed for PDT is noteworthy for its rapidity, reproducibility, and safety due to the absence of harmful chemicals, holding great promise for designing a diverse range of nanomedicines customized for treating various diseases.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mice; Nanoparticles; Polyphenols; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reproducibility of Results; Tannins