tannins and Inflammation

Diabetic nephropathy is manifested in more than 10% of people with diabetes. It is a common cause of kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease. Understanding of mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetes-induced kidney injuries will allow for the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a wide-ranging complication of diabetes, and it is necessary to discuss the "weight" of pro-inflammatory pathways and molecules in the progress of renal injuries during the development of the disease. A large spectrum of pro-inflammatory molecules and pathways participate in different stages of the pathophysiological progression of diabetic nephropathy, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors. On the other hand, it is known that one of the consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation is the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which, in turn, activate the transcription of genes encoding cytokines-chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. It is a proven fact that a variety of plant secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols, demonstrate significant anti-diabetic, redox-modulating properties and effectively modulate the inflammatory response. Thus, this review is discussing the possible role of plant phenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Topics: Chemokines; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney; Oxidative Stress; Polyphenols; Signal Transduction; Tannins

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a diet rich in (poly)phenols has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases. Brown seaweed is a rich source of (poly)phenols.. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and effect of a brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) (poly)phenol extract on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in vivo.. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in 80 participants aged 30-65 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) ≥25. The participants consumed either a 400-mg capsule containing 100 mg seaweed (poly)phenol and 300 mg maltodextrin or a 400-mg maltodextrin placebo control capsule daily for an 8-wk period. Bioactivity was assessed with a panel of blood-based markers including lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma oxidant capacity, C-reactive protein (CRP), and inflammatory cytokines. To explore the bioavailability of seaweed phenolics, an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine and plasma samples after seaweed consumption was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.. Consumption of the seaweed (poly)phenols resulted in a modest decrease in DNA damage but only in a subset of the total population who were obese. There were no significant changes in CRP, antioxidant status, or inflammatory cytokines. We identified phlorotannin metabolites that are considered potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption including pyrogallol/phloroglucinol-sulfate, hydroxytrifurahol A-glucuronide, dioxinodehydroeckol-glucuronide, diphlorethol sulfates, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol sulfate, and C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol.. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive study investigating the bioactivity and bioavailability of seaweed (poly)phenolics in human participants. We identified several potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption. Intriguingly, the modest improvements in DNA damage were observed only in the obese subset of the total population. The subgroup analysis should be considered exploratory because it was not preplanned; therefore, it was not powered adequately. Elucidation of the biology underpinning this observation will require participant stratification according to weight in future studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02295878.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Ascophyllum; Biological Availability; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Over Studies; Cytokines; Diet; DNA Damage; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Seaweed; Tannins

Several chemicals and medications induce cellular damage in various organs of the body by activating reactive substances' metabolism leading to various pathological conditions including liver disease. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp water extract (PE) against CCl

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Carbon Tetrachloride; Carica; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Fibrosis; Flavonoids; Inflammation; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Tannins

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the most potent pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in a wide range of autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative diseases. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing therapeutic molecules that inhibit IL-1β-IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) interaction for the treatment of IL-1-related diseases. Among IL-1-related diseases, osteoarthritis (OA), is characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, chondrocyte inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Tannic acid (TA) has been proposed to have multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. However, it is unclear whether TA plays a role in anti-IL-1β activity by blocking IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction in OA. In this study, we report the anti-IL-1β activity of TA in the progression of OA in both in vitro human OA chondrocytes and in vivo rat OA models. Herein, using-ELISA-based screening, natural compound candidates capable of inhibiting the IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction were identified. Among selected candidates, TA showed hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction by direct binding to IL-1β using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. In addition, TA inhibited IL-1β bioactivity in HEK-Blue IL-1-dependent reporter cell line. TA also inhibited IL-1β-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human OA chondrocytes. Moreover, TA downregulated IL-1β-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3, MMP13, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)4, and ADAMTS5, while upregulating collagen type II (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN). Mechanistically, we confirmed that TA suppressed IL-1β-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation. The protective effects of TA were also observed in a monosodium iodoacetamide (MIA)-induced rat OA model by reducing pain and cartilage degradation and inhibiting IL-1β-mediated inflammation. Collectively, our results provide evidence that TA plays a potential role in OA and IL-1β-related diseases by hindering IL-1β-IL-1R1 interaction and suppressing IL-1β bioactivity.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cartilage; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; NF-kappa B; Osteoarthritis; Rats; Tannins

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy that leads to significant mortality around the world. Chronic colonic inflammation could induce a protumor effect by the massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating migration, invasion, and metastasis of malignant cells in colorectal cancer. Therefore, developing a combination regimen of anti-inflammation and antitumor therapies is a promising strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Here, we report that tannic acid-containing nanoparticles, formed by a turbulent-mixing technique, have exhibited uniform size, high stability, and pH-triggered drug release in the gastrointestinal tract, and could overcome intestinal mucosa for drug delivery in the colorectal region. As a drug carrier itself, with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, tannic acid-containing nanoparticles showed great therapeutic effect in preventing the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) through oral administration. Furthermore, we used a therapeutic nanocarrier to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs for CAC treatment, generating lower systemic toxicity and superior antitumor performance through concurrent anti-inflammation and antitumor treatment. As a result, we confirmed that the drug carrier itself with therapeutic function could improve the overall therapeutic performance, and provided a safe and effective tannic acid-containing nanoplatform for the prevention and treatment of colon diseases.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Carriers; Humans; Inflammation; Nanoparticles; Polyphenols; Tannins

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor drug that is powerful but can cause worse outcomes, including nephrotoxicity, and therefore has limited clinical use. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safer agents that can minimize the damage caused by the drug without shifting the treatment performance, in addition to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of DOX-induced aberrant in vivo renal activation. In this study, we tested the prophylactic capacity and mechanisms of action of tannic acid (TA) against DOX-mediated kidney damage in rats and evaluated the nephrotoxic activity of DOX when used with TA. Rats were treated during the two weeks with cumulative (18 mg/kg with six different injections) DOX, daily TA (50 mg/kg), and the DOX + TA combination. Changes in major metabolites and components involved in antioxidant metabolism were evaluated in the kidney tissues of all animals. Further, the gene expression levels of regulatory factors that have critical importance in cell metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis were investigated. Both biochemical and molecular examinations showed that TA improved DOX-induced dysregulations at both protein and gene levels in the kidneys. Increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione levels were reversed. Consistent with oxidative stress marker metabolites, suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities and transcript levels of antioxidant system members were restored. Of note, combination treatment with TA could overcome doxorubicin-induced gene expressions markedly altered by DOX, suggesting that nephroprotection conferred by TA involved the remodeling of stress resistance, cell metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Collectively, the present in vivo study suggests that TA could be used as a multitarget and effective agent for the mitigation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity without changing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Doxorubicin; Inflammation; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Tannins

Genus Melaleuca or tea tree species are well known to be an important source of biological active oils and extracts. The biological significance appears in their usage for treatment of several clinical disorder owing to their traditional uses as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities.. Our study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of the M. rugulosa polyphenol-rich fraction along with determination of its anti-inflammatory potential, free radical scavenging and antiaging activities supported with virtual understanding of the mode of action using molecular modeling strategy.. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic rich fraction was investigated through measuring its inhibitory activity against inflammatory mediators viz tumor necrosing factor receptor-2 (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenases 1/2 (COX-1/2) in a cell free and cell-based assays. Moreover, the radical scavenging activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene assays, while the antiaging activity in anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase inhibitory assays. Finally, the biological findings were supported with molecular docking study using MOE software.. The chromatographic purification of the polyphenol-rich fraction of Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven afforded fourteen phytoconstituents (1-14). The anti-inflammatory gauging experiments demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory-linked enzymes COX-1/2 and the TNF-α at low μg/mL levels in the enzyme-based assays. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism was inferred from the quantification of protein levels and gene expression in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages (RAW264.7) in vitro model. The results revealed the reduction of protein synthesis of COX-1/2 and TNF-α with the down regulation of gene expression. The cell free in vitro radical scavenging assessment of the polyphenol-rich fraction revealed a significant DPPH reduction, peroxyl radicals scavenging, and β-carotene peroxidation inhibition. Besides, the polyphenol-rich fraction showed a considerable inhibition of the skin aging-related enzymes as elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase. Ultimately, the computational molecular modelling studies uncovered the potential binding poses and relevant molecular interactions of the identified polyphenols with their targeted enzymes. Particularly, terflavin C (8) which showed a favorable binding pose at the elastase binding pocket, while rosmarinic acid (14) demonstrated the best binding pose at the COX-2 catalytic domain. In short, natural polyphenols are potential candidates for the management of free radicals, inflammation, and skin aging related conditions.. Natural polyphenols are potential candidates for the management of free radicals, inflammation, and skin aging related conditions.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Free Radicals; Humans; Inflammation; Melaleuca; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Tannins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

In addition to oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis, the overexpression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines, which are promoted by hyperglycemia, causes chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds. Herein, TA-siRNA nanogels are prepared for the first time on the basis of the self-assembling interaction between tannic acid (TA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). The efficient, biodegradable nanogels are cross-linked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), human-like collagen (HLC), TA, and borax to prepare adaptive, conductive PHTB (TA-siRNA) hydrogels. In response to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the ROS-responsive borate ester bonds in the hydrogels are oxidized and broken, and TA-siRNA nanogels are released into cells to reduce the expression of the MMP-9. Moreover, the TA and HLC promote collagen expression, reduce inflammation, and ROS level. It is found that electrical stimulation (ES) promotes the in vivo release of TA-siRNA nanogels from PHTB (TA-siRNA) hydrogels and endocytosis of the nanogels. The combination therapy using ES and PHTB (TA-siRNA) hydrogels accelerates the healing of diabetic wounds by reducing the levels of ROS and MMP-9 and promoting the polarization of macrophages, production of collagen, and angiogenesis. This study provides insights on the design of functional gene-delivery and efficient therapeutic strategies to promote the repair of diabetic chronic wounds.

Topics: Borates; Collagen; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus; Electric Stimulation; Esters; Humans; Hydrogels; Inflammation; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Nanogels; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Small Interfering; Tannins

Hydrolysable tannins, mainly gallotannins and ellagitannins, either extracted directly from oak or as a part of lyophilized extracts from finished wine, have been associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may benefit human health. In this work we hypothesized that a commercially available oak tannin powder provided to C57BL/6J male mice fed a western-style obesogenic diet for 10 weeks would significantly alter hepatic gene expression patterns as determined by RNA sequencing. Over two-thousand genes were uniquely expressed between three different diet groups. Among the 25 canonical pathways that were significantly regulated, intake of oak powder reduced the TNF-alpha/NF-κB, complement activation, IL-5, and Type II interferon signaling; these significant reductions are consistent with a reduction in chronic systemic inflammation associated with consumption of a commercially prepared enological oak tannin.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diet, Western; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-5; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; Powders; Quercus; Tannins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Lignans are known to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, indicating their potential as constituents of feed supplements. This study investigated two extracts derived from the feed supplements '

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Caco-2 Cells; Dietary Supplements; Drosophila melanogaster; Glutathione; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lignans; Plant Extracts; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Swine; Tannins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Wood

Diarrhea is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder responsible for about 5 million deaths annually. The chemical composition, the antioxidant activity of Crataegus azarolus berries aqueous extract (CABAE) as well as its protective effects against castor oil-induced diarrhea, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rat were studied.. Sixty male rats were used and divided into six groups of ten animals in each: Control (C), castor oil (CO), CO+various doses of CABAE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.), and CO+loperamide (LOP, 10 mg/kg b.w., p.o.).. The CABAE showed relatively high levels of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The LC-HRESIMS technique allowed the identification of 5 phenolic compounds and the major component is quinic acid. In vivo studies showed that CABAE protected against castor oil-induced diarrhea and intestinal fluid accumulation. The CABAE counteracted castor oil-induced lipoperoxidation, preserved GSH and thiol groups levels, and prevented the depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The CABAE administration also protected against castor oil-induced inflammatory markers (ALP and CRP) increase. More importantly, castor oil induced an increase of intracellular mediators, such as hydrogen peroxide, free iron, and calcium, while CABAE pretreatment significantly reversed them to near control levels.. The Crataegus azarolus berries aqueous extract significantly protected against diarrhea due in part to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Topics: Animals; Antidiarrheals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Castor Oil; Cathartics; Crataegus; Diarrhea; Flavonoids; Fruit; Inflammation; Loperamide; Male; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Quinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tannins

Antithrombogenicity, anti-inflammation, and rapid re-endothelialization are central requirements for the long-term success of cardiovascular stents. In this work, a plant-inspired phenolic-amine chemistry strategy was developed to combine the biological functions of a plant polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), and the thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin (BVLD) for tailoring the desired multiple surface functionalities of cardiovascular stents. To realize the synergistic modification of TA and BVLD on a stent surface, an amine-bearing coating of plasma polymerized allylamine was firstly prepared on the stent surface, followed by the sequential conjugation of TA and BVLD in alkaline solution based on phenolic-amine chemistry (i.e., Michael addition reaction). TA and BVLD were successfully immobilized onto the stent surface with considerable amounts of 330 ± 12 and 930 ± 80 ng/cm

Topics: Amines; Antithrombins; Hirudins; Humans; Inflammation; Peptide Fragments; Polyphenols; Recombinant Proteins; Stents; Tannins; Thrombosis

Hydrogels that are mechanically tough and capable of strong underwater adhesion can lead to a paradigm shift in the design of adhesives for a variety of biomedical applications. We hereby innovatively develop a facile but efficient strategy to prepare hydrogel adhesives with strong and instant underwater adhesion, on-demand detachment, high toughness, notch-insensitivity, self-healability, low swelling index, and tailorable surface topography. Specifically, a polymerization lyophilization conjugation fabrication method was proposed to introduce tannic acid (TA) into the covalent network consisting of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) of substantially high molecular weight. The presence of TA facilitated wet adhesion to various substrates by forming collectively strong noncovalent bonds and offering hydrophobicity to allow water repellence and also provided a reversible cross-link within the binary network to improve the mechanical performance of the gels. The long-chain PEGDA enhanced the efficacy and stability of TA conjugation and contributed to gel mechanics and adhesion by allowing chain diffusion and entanglement formation. Moreover, PEGDA/TA hydrogels were demonstrated to be biocompatible and capable of accelerating wound healing in a skin wound animal model as compared to commercial tissue adhesives and can be applied for the treatment of both epidermal and intracorporeal wounds. Our study provides new, critical insight into the design principle of all-in-one hydrogels with outstanding mechanical and adhesive properties and can potentially enhance the efficacy of hydrogel adhesives for wound healing.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Hydrogels; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Inflammation; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Tannins; Tissue Adhesives; Water; Wound Healing; Wounds, Penetrating

The inferior tendon healing after surgery is inextricably linked to the surgical suture. Poor load transfer along the suture often results in a high tendon re-tear rate. Besides, the severe inflammation and infection induced by sutures even cause a second surgery. Herein, to alleviate the above-mentioned issues, a multifunctional suture was fabricated by decorating chitosan/gelatin-tannic acid (CS/GE-TA) on the porous tape suture. The porous tape suture ensured the required mechanical properties and sufficient space for tissue integration. Compared to the pristine suture, the CS/GE-TA decorated suture (TA100) presented a 332% increase in pull-out force from the tendon, indicating potentially decreased re-tear rates. Meanwhile, TA100 showed superior anti-inflammatory and antibacterial performances. In vivo experiments further proved that TA100 could not only reduce inflammatory action but also facilitate collagen deposition and blood vessel formation. These results indicate that the multifunctional sutures are promising candidates for accelerating tendon healing.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chitosan; Escherichia coli; Gelatin; Indoles; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymers; Porosity; RAW 264.7 Cells; Staphylococcus aureus; Sutures; Swine; Tannins; Tendons; Tensile Strength; Wound Healing

The immune response elicited by the bone endoprosthesis is currently considered an important factor that affects its interfacial osteointegration. In this work, a metal-phenolic-based drug-loaded coating with universal adhesion properties and intelligent drug delivery feature was created to promote osteointegration by manipulating a beneficial osteoimmune microenvironment. A novel pro-drug with inflammation-responsive release function was firstly synthesized via the esterification reaction between tannic acid (TA) and indometacin (IND), and then the coating was developed by chelating it with Fe3+. In the normal biological environment, the coating was stable, while, in the inflammatory environment, the release of TA and IND motifs could be triggered by the overexpressed esterase. The released TA and IND displayed synergistic effects on macrophage polarization, leading to a downregulation expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an upregulation expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteogenic-related factors. When stimulated by a conditioned medium generated by macrophages seeded onto the coating, the osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs was significantly enhanced. Finally, the designed coating significantly promoted the osteointegration of the implant, demonstrated by the increase of the bone-implant contact by two times. Additionally, the coating was substrate-independent and can be formed within seconds without special equipment, thus, it showed great potential applications to endow advanced hard tissue implants with favorable osteoimmunomodulation.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Drug Implants; Drug Liberation; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Mice; Osteogenesis; Particle Size; Rats; RAW 264.7 Cells; Surface Properties; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biofouling; Cell Line; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Dopamine; Inflammation; Iron; Male; Materials Testing; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phosphorylcholine; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polypropylenes; Surgical Mesh; Tannins

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dry heated sorghum BRS 305 hybrid flour, as a rich source of resistant starch and tannins, on inflammation and oxidative stress in animals fed with a high-fat high-fructose diet. Phase 1 (8 weeks): male Wistar rats were divided into a group fed with an AIN-93 M diet (

Topics: Adiposity; Animals; Antioxidants; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Carbohydrates; Eating; Fructose; Inflammation; Liver; Male; Molecular Docking Simulation; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resistant Starch; Sorghum; Tannins; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factor RelA

The global tobacco epidemic is still a devastating threat to public health. Toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cigarette smoke cannot be efficiently eliminated by currently available cigarette filters. The resultant oxidative stress causes severe lung injury and further diseases. To tackle this challenge, herein, a novel copper tannic acid coordination (CuTA) nanozyme is reported as a highly active and thermostable ROS scavenger. The CuTA nanozyme exhibits intrinsic superoxide dismutase-like activity, catalase-like activity, and hydroxyl radical elimination capacity. These synergistic antioxidant abilities make the CuTA nanozyme a promising candidate for the improvement of commercial cigarette filters. Mouse model results show that commercial cigarettes loaded with CuTA nanozyme efficiently scavenge ROS in the cigarette smoke, reduce oxidative stress-induced lung inflammation, and minimize the resultant acute lung injury. The developed CuTA nanozyme offers an efficient ROS scavenger with multiple antioxidant ability and opens up new opportunities for the modification of cigarette filters to reduce the toxic effects of cigarette smoke.

Topics: Air Filters; Animals; Copper; Inflammation; Mice; Nanostructures; Nicotiana; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Smoke; Tannins

Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line, Tumor; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Female; Fibroblasts; Hydrogen Bonding; Inflammation; Liposarcoma; Macrophages; Mammaplasty; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastectomy, Segmental; Necrosis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Nude; Tannins; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds

Tannic acid (TA), a group of polyphenolic compounds, has multiple anticancer, antimutagenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of TA on arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced nephrotoxicity are still relatively unknown. This study investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of TA on ATO-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.. Rats were intragastrically administered TA with concurrent ATO infused intraperitoneally over 10 days. Renal morphology changes were observed through light microscopy. The levels of antioxidants and pro-inflammatory factors were measured in the serum and renal tissue, respectively. Further, expression of B-cell lymphoma-2, B-cell lymphoma-extra large, p53, and Bcl-2-associated X protein were measured using an immunohistochemical method. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were measured by Western blot.. The data showed that ATO exposure significantly increased the serum nephritic, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory markers in the renal tissue of rats. Conversely, pretreatment with TA reversed these changes. Furthermore, TA treatment caused a significant decrease in NF-κB expression (P < 0.05), while increasing Nrf2 and Keap1 expressions (P < 0.05).. TA ameliorates ATO-induced nephrotoxicity, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, potentially through the NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Arsenic Trioxide; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Interleukins; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bleomycin; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Tannins

Depression is an emotional disorder that causes mental and physical changes, and has limited pharmacotherapy. Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenol with previously described antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior, as well as oxidative stress parameters and TNF-α levels in the brains of mice. Animals were pretreated once daily, with TA (30 or 60 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 days. On the 7th day, the animals received a single injection of LPS (830 μg/kg). After 24 h, open field, forced swimming, tail suspension, and splash tests were conducted. The endotoxin induced depressive-like behavior in these mice and this was attenuated by TA. In the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, LPS increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species production, and this was also prevented by TA administration. TA treatment also prevented a decrease in catalase activity within the striatum. Further, LPS administration caused increased levels of TNF-α in all brain structures, and this was prevented in the cortex by TA treatment. In conclusion, TA shows many neuroprotective properties, with demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects in this animal model of acute depressive-like behavior. Therefore, this compound could provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Open Field Test; Oxidative Stress; Tannins

Injectable, drug-releasing hydrogel scaffolds with multifunctional properties including hemostasis and anti-bacterial activity are essential for successful wound healing; however, designing ideal materials is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a biodegradable, temperature-pH dual responsive supramolecular hydrogel (SHG) scaffold based on sodium alginate/poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (AG/PVCL) through free radical polymerization and the subsequent chemical and ionic cross-linking. A natural therapeutic molecule, tannic acid (TA)-incorporated SHG (AG/PVCL-TA), was also fabricated and its hemostatic and wound healing efficiency were studied. In the AG/PVCL-TA system, TA acts as a therapeutic molecule and also substitutes as an effective gelation binder. Notably, the polyphenol-arm structure and diverse bonding abilities of TA can hold polymer chains through multiple bonding and co-ordinate cross-linking, which were vital in the formation of the mechanically robust AG/PVCL-TA. The SHG formation was successfully balanced by varying the composition of SA, VCL, TA and cross-linkers. The AG/PVCL-TA scaffold was capable of releasing a therapeutic dose of TA in a sustained manner under physiological temperature-pH conditions. AG/PVCL-TA displayed excellent free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and cell proliferation activity towards the 3T3 fibroblast cell line. The wound healing performance of AG/PVCL-TA was further confirmed in skin excision wound models, which demonstrated the potential application of AG/PVCL-TA for skin regeneration and rapid wound healing.

Topics: Alginates; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Caprolactam; Cell Movement; Female; Hemostasis; Hydrogels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; NIH 3T3 Cells; Polymers; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Tannins; Temperature; Wound Healing

Due to their large spectrum of bioactive properties, much attention has recently been drawn to phlorotannins-i.e., phenolic compounds characteristic from brown macroalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Fucus; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; NF-kappa B; RAW 264.7 Cells; Signal Transduction; Tannins

The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of tannic acid (TA) on liver injury induced by arsenic trioxide (ATO) and to elucidate the mechanism involved as related to the Kelch‑like ECH‑associated protein 1 (Keap1)‑nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway. Adult rats were intraperitoneally injected with TA, while ATO was administered 1 h later. On the 11th day, the rats were euthanized to determine any liver histological changes, liver function, and the activities of antioxidant, antiapoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, Keap1, Heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), NADPH quinine oxidoreductase‑1 (NQO1), and γ‑glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‑GCS) were determined using western blot analysis. The results showed that TA treatment ameliorated ATO‑induced liver histological changes and decreased the ATO‑induced increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) serum levels. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes significantly were increased, while the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were attenuated following TA treatment. In addition, TA treatment inhibited ATO‑induced liver apoptosis and inflammatory responses, increased Bcl‑2 protein expression level and reduced the levels of Bax, caspase‑3, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α. Furthermore, TA treatment increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and Keap1, HO‑1, NQO1 and γ‑GCS. The results demonstrated that TA has a protective effect on ATO‑treated hepatic toxicity and that its underlying mechanism could be due to TA activation of the Keap1‑Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, to reduce oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in ATO‑intoxicated rats.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidant Response Elements; Apoptosis; Arsenic Trioxide; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Signal Transduction; Tannins

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a frontline chemotherapy drug used in the therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the clinical use of ATO is hindered by its cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to observe the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of tannic acid (TA) against ATO‑induced cardiotoxicity. Male rats were intraperitoneally injected with ATO (5 mg/kg/day) to induce cardiotoxicity. TA (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) was administered to evaluate its cardioprotective efficacy against ATO‑induced heart injury in rats. Administration of ATO resulted in pathological damage in the heart and increased oxidative stress as well as levels of serum cardiac biomarkers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and the inflammatory marker NF‑κB (p65). Conversely, TA markedly reversed this phenomenon. Additionally, TA treatment caused a notable decrease in the expression levels of cleaved caspase‑3/caspase‑3, Bax, p53 and Bad, while increasing Bcl‑2 expression levels. Notably, the application of TA decreased the expression levels of cytochrome c, second mitochondria‑derived activator of caspases and high‑temperature requirement A2, which are apoptosis mitochondrial‑associated proteins. The present findings indicated that TA protected against ATO‑induced cardiotoxicity, which may be associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Arsenic Trioxide; Cardiotoxicity; Caspases; Inflammation; Male; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Oxidative Stress; Oxides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tannins

The whole plant,

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Asteraceae; Edema; Flavonoids; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Methanol; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Proteins; Rats; Solvents; Tannins

Madi-Ryuk (MDR) is a traditional Korean medicine and it has been widely used in Korea to treat arthritis and we previously reported the anti-allergic inflammatory effect of MDR in vitro model. However, therapeutic evidence of MDR on in vivo model of allergic inflammatory reaction has not yet been demonstrated. The research purpose was to investigate the efficacy of MDR and its active ingredient tannic acid (TA) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice model. OVA-challenged AR mice orally medicated MDR or its active ingredient TA daily for ten days. In mice having a AR, MDR and TA prominently diminished number of rubs and levels of histamine, IgE, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, protein expression levels and activities of caspase-1 were declined by oral medication of MDR and TA. Decline in levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and intercellular adhesion molecules-1 and reduction in penetrations of inflammatory cells into inflamed tissue were also noted in MDR and TA groups. Taken together, identification of MDR effect in preclinical models suggests that MDR may be a therapeutic drug for the treatment and prevention of AR.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Caspase 1; Chemokine CXCL2; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophils; Histamine; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Medicine, Korean Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nasal Mucosa; Ovalbumin; Rhinitis, Allergic; Tannins; Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Cytokines; Diet; Dioxins; Disease Models, Animal; Hypertrophy; Inflammation; Ligands; Macrophages; Mice; Obesity; Phaeophyceae; Phloroglucinol; Plant Extracts; Pyrogallol; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; Tannins

Vascular stent interventional therapy, as a regular and effective therapy, has been widely used to treat coronary artery diseases. However, adverse events occur frequently after stent intervention, especially restenosis and late stent thrombosis. The targeted implanting site will suffer from severe atherosclerosis, which is considered as a chronic inflammatory disease. Meanwhile, with the over-expanding use of endovascular mechanical intervention, vascular injury has become an increasingly common issue. Lesions and newly induced vascular injury result in inflammatory and oxidative stress; meanwhile, activated macrophages and granulocytes generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to endothelial dysfunction and neointima hyperplasia. Therefore, attenuating oxidative stress and reducing ROS generation in the inflammatory response represent reasonable strategies to inhibit intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Herein, we have developed a multifunctional surface for the MgZnYNd alloy with tannic acid (TA) coating, and the pH dependence of the coating deposition is also demonstrated. The phenolic hydroxyl groups on the coatings endow the modified surface with excellent antioxidant functions. We found that the coating can be recycled, and the scavenging activity hardly weakened within five cycles. Also, the TA coating has a promising strong antioxidant activity as it shows a radical scavenging activity over 80% in long term. Moreover, the TA coating possesses platelet-repellent capability. No significant inflammatory response was observed for the TA modified sample in the rat subcutaneous implantation test. Combining these performances, we envision that the vascular stent modified with TA coating can have great potential in various applications by virtue of its simplicity and effectiveness.

Topics: Alloys; Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Platelets; Cell Proliferation; Coronary Restenosis; Fluorides; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation; Neodymium; Oxidative Stress; Picrates; Platelet Adhesiveness; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Stents; Tannins; Thrombosis; Zinc

Nutraceuticals present in food are molecules able to exert biological activity for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, in form of pharmaceutical preparations, such as capsules, cream, or pills.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; beta-Galactosidase; Cytokines; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Myrtus; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Reactive Oxygen Species; Stem Cells; Tannins

In this study, we investigated how tannic acid (TA) protects the skin from inflammation caused by external irritation. The effects of TA were evaluated using a mouse 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation model and a reconstructed human epidermal model. We then used Lucifer Yellow for visual confirmation of TA's suppression effect at the stratum corneum (SC) surface. TA treatment of the skin prevented Lucifer Yellow from permeating the skin. This result suggests that TA acts as a barrier against external stimulants such as TPA and artificial sweat on the SC surface.

Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Contact; Disease Models, Animal; Epidermis; Fluorescent Dyes; Inflammation; Isoquinolines; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Permeability; Skin; Skin Diseases; Sweat; Tannins; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to promote wound healing and to exhibit antimicrobial properties against a broad range of bacteria. In our previous study, we prepared tannic acid (TA)-modified AgNPs showing a good toxicological profile and immunomodulatory properties useful for potential dermal applications.. In this study, in vitro scratch assay, antimicrobial tests, modified lymph node assay as well as a mouse splint wound model were used to access the wound healing potential of TA-modified and unmodified AgNPs.. TA-modified but not unmodified AgNPs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against. TA-modified AgNPs sized >26 nm promote wound healing better than TA-modified or unmodified AgNPs. These findings suggest that TA-modified AgNPs sized >26 nm may have a promising application in wound management.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cell Line; Cytokines; Dermis; Disease Models, Animal; Dynamic Light Scattering; Endocytosis; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monocytes; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Particle Size; RAW 264.7 Cells; Silver; Tannins; Wound Healing

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ear; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Structure; Phaeophyceae; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Tannins

The aim of this study was to examine the cardioprotective effects and latent mechanism of tannic acid (TA) on cardiac hypertrophy.. Abdominal aortic banding (AAB) was used to induce pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in male Wistar rats, sham-operated rats served as controls. AAB rats were treated with TA (20 and 40 mg/kg) or captoril.. Tannic acid displayed obvious suppression of AAB-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. The cardioprotective effects of TA may be attributed to multitargeted inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis in addition to an increase in NO levels, decrease in ET-1 levels, and downregulation of angiotensin receptors and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Captopril; Cardiomegaly; Cardiotonic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Endothelin-1; Fibrosis; Inflammation; Male; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Angiotensin; Tannins

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective drug, but its cardiotoxicity restricts its therapeutic index. Oxidative stress is the major etiopathological factor in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Tannic acid (TA) has various anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of the study was to survey the possible effects of TA against acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawleyrats were randomly divided into five groups: control, DOX (10mg/kg) alone, DOX with TA (20 and 40mg/kg), or DOX withcaptopril (30mg/kg) treatments. TA or captopril was administered once daily for six days, and DOX was injected intraperitoneally on the fourth day. TA significantlyattenuated DOX myocardial effects. Pretreatment with TA caused a decrease in levels of the serum enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB to normal values. As indicators of oxidative stress, the levels of glutathione peroxidasesuperoxide dismutase and catalasesignificantly increased while the levels of malondialdehyde decreased after TA treatment. Additionally, DOX provoked inflammatory responses by causing anincrease in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), endothelin (ET)-1 levels, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression while TA pretreatment significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, ET-1, and NF-κB. Furthermore, DOX induced apoptosis by increasing bcl-2like protein and caspase-3 activities and c-fos and c-jun levels while causing a decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2 levels. Overall, there was evidence that TA could inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic damage.

Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cardiotoxicity; Caspase 3; Cytokines; Doxorubicin; Glutathione; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardium; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tannins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cause opportunistic chronic pulmonary infections. Notably, MAC susceptibility is regulated by various factors, including the host immune system. Persimmon (Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki Thunb.) tannin is a condensed tannin composed of a polymer of catechin groups. It is well known that condensed tannins have high antioxidant activity and bacteriostatic properties. However, it is hypothesized that condensed tannins might need to be digested and/or fermented into smaller molecules in vivo prior to being absorbed into the body to perform beneficial functions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soluble persimmon-derived tannins on opportunistic MAC disease. Soluble tannins were hydrolyzed and evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The ORAC value of soluble tannin hydrolysate was approximately five times greater than that of soluble tannin powder. In addition, soluble tannin hydrolysate exhibited high bacteriostatic activity against MAC in vitro. Furthermore, in an in vivo study, MAC infected mice fed a soluble tannin-containing diet showed significantly higher anti-bacterial activity against MAC and less pulmonary granuloma formation compared with those fed a control diet. Tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lower in lungs of the soluble tannin diet group compared with the control diet group. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines induced by MAC stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages were significantly decreased by addition of soluble tannin hydrolysate. These data suggest that soluble tannin from persimmons might attenuate the pathogenesis of pulmonary NTM infection.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diospyros; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Tannins

A variety of plant polyphenols have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, frequently associated with erythema, edema, hyperplasia, skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Cymbopogon citratus (DC). Stapf (Poaceae) is a worldwide known medicinal plant, used in traditional medicine in inflammation-related conditions.. In this work, the anti-inflammatory potential of C. citratus infusion (CcI) and its polyphenols as topical agents was evaluated in vivo.. The plant extract was prepared and its fractioning led two polyphenol-rich fractions: flavonoids fraction (CcF) and tannins fraction (CcT). An oil/water emulsion was developed with each active (CcI, CcF+CcT and diclofenac), pH and texture having been evaluated. Release tests were further performed using static Franz diffusion cells and all collected samples were monitored by HPLC-PDA. In vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity evaluation was performed by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.. The texture analysis revealed statistically significant differences for all tested parameters to CcF+CcT, supporting its topical application. Release experiments lead to the detection of the phenolic compounds from each sample in the receptor medium and the six major flavonoids were quantified, by HPLC-PDA: carlinoside, isoorientin, cynaroside, luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, kurilesin A and cassiaoccidentalin B. The CcF+CcT formulation prompted to the higher release rate for all these flavonoids. CcI4%, CcI1% and CcF+CcT exhibited an edema reduction of 43.18, 29.55 and 59.09%, respectively.. Our findings highlight that CcI, containing luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, cassiaoccidentalin B, carlinoside, cynaroside and tannins have a potential anti-inflammatory topical activity, suggesting their promising application in the treatment of skin inflammatory pathologies.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cymbopogon; Edema; Flavonoids; Inflammation; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tannins

We investigated the ameliorative effects and potential mechanisms of tannic acid (TA) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated mice and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Liver fibrosis was observed in CCl4 (800 ml/kg)-induced mice, and high viability was observed in CCl4 (10 mM)-intoxicated HSCs. Pre-treatment of mice with TA (25 or 50 g/kg/day) significantly ameliorated hepatic morphology and coefficient values and reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1). In addition, TA increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the serum level of NO. Moreover, TA reduced the expression of angiotensin II receptor-1 (ATR-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), caspase-3, c-fos, c-jun, the ratio of Bax/bcl-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TA increased matrix metal proteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Furthermore, TA (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM or 1 μM) decreased the TIMP-1/MMP-1 ratio and reduced the viability of HSCs. These results indicated that TA exerts significant liver-protective effects in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The potential mechanism may rely on the inhibition of collagen accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Apoptosis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Humans; Inflammation; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Tannins

Inflammation is linked to numerous chronic disease states. Phenolic compounds have attracted attention because a number of these compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties. A phenolic crude extract was prepared from pecans and separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography into low- and high-molecular-weight (LMW/HMW) fractions. Anti-inflammatory properties of these fractions were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored after 3 different experimental protocols: (1) pre-treatment with Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (2) pre-treatment with a pecan crude extract and its fractions; and (3) co-incubation of LPS with a pecan crude extract and its fractions. The LMW fraction displayed a dose-dependent decrease in NO production and a significant decrease from the LPS control in ROS production when cells were either co-incubated with or pre-treated with LPS. The phenolics were characterized by HPLC to help identify those responsible for the observed effect.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carya; Cell Survival; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dextrans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Phenols; Plant Extracts; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tannins

Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value.. The commercially processed M. oleifera was extracted using methanol as its solvent. Phytochemical analysis as well as the anti-oxidant properties of this supplement were also investigated. Acute toxicity was carried out in fasted mice. Carrageenan and histamine tests were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects in rats, while analgesic activities were assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test in mice. In the anti-oxidant tests, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferrous reducing activity power, 2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthialozine)-6-sulphonic acid and total polyphenolic (TPP) assays were deployed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL.. The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract significantly reduced the number of writhes at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not so much at 50 mg/kg. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the effect was similar to that of the acetic writhing test. The analgesic effects were comparable to that of indomethacin used at 10 mg/kg. In the anti-inflammatory test, the extract reduced the formation of oedema especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In the anti-oxidant test, the extract was found to possess a free radical-scavenging property and is concentration related.. The use of this extract for medicinal and nutritional purposes may have thus been justified; however, caution must be exercised in its use to prevent the toxic effect.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Edema; Female; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Inflammation; Methanol; Mice; Moringa oleifera; Pain; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saponins; Tannins; Terpenes

The interaction between silver nanoparticles and herpesviruses is attracting great interest due to their antiviral activity and possibility to use as microbicides for oral and anogenital herpes. In this work, we demonstrate that tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles sized 13 nm, 33 nm and 46 nm are capable of reducing HSV-2 infectivity both in vitro and in vivo. The antiviral activity of tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles was size-related, required direct interaction and blocked virus attachment, penetration and further spread. All tested tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles reduced both infection and inflammatory reaction in the mouse model of HSV-2 infection when used at infection or for a post-infection treatment. Smaller-sized nanoparticles induced production of cytokines and chemokines important for anti-viral response. The corresponding control buffers with tannic acid showed inferior antiviral effects in vitro and were ineffective in blocking in vivo infection. Our results show that tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles are good candidates for microbicides used in treatment of herpesvirus infections.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Inflammation; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Silver; Tannins; Virus Attachment; Virus Internalization

Ardisia crispa (Myrsinaceae) is used in traditional Malay medicine to treat various ailments associated with inflammation, including rheumatism. The plant's hexane fraction was previously shown to inhibit several diseases associated with inflammation. As there is a strong correlation between inflammation and angiogenesis, we conducted the present study to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of the plant's roots in animal models of inflammation-induced angiogenesis.. We first performed phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting of the hexane fraction of Ardisia crispa roots ethanolic extract (ACRH) and its quinone-rich fraction (QRF). The anti-inflammatory properties of ACRH and QRF were tested using the Miles vascular permeability assay and the murine air pouch granuloma model following oral administration at various doses.. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ACRH revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins. The QRF was separated from ACRH (38.38% w/w) by column chromatography, and was isolated to yield a benzoquinonoid compound. The ACRH and QRF were quantified by HPLC. The LD(50) value of ACRH was 617.02 mg/kg. In the Miles vascular permeability assay, the lowest dose of ACRH (10 mg/kg) and all doses of QRF significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced hyperpermeability, when compared with the vehicle control. In the murine air pouch granuloma model, ACRH and QRF both displayed significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects, without granuloma weight. ACRH and QRF significantly reduced the vascular index, but not granuloma tissue weight.. In conclusion, both ACRH and QRF showed potential anti-inflammatory properties in a model of inflammation-induced angiogenesis model, demonstrating their potential anti-angiogenic properties.

Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ardisia; Benzoquinones; Blood Vessels; Capillary Permeability; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavonoids; Granuloma; Inflammation; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Tannins; Triterpenes; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Bacterial and fungal infections and the emerging multidrug resistance are driving interest in fighting these microorganisms with natural products, which have generally been considered complementary to pharmacological therapies. Phlorotannins are polyphenols restricted to brown seaweeds, recognized for their biological capacity. This study represents the first research on the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of phlorotannins purified extracts, which were obtained from ten dominant brown seaweeds of the occidental Portuguese coast.Phlorotannins content was determined by the specific dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA) method and a yield between 75 and 969 mg/Kg phloroglucinol units (dry matter) was obtained. Fucus spiralis ranked first, followed by three Cystoseira species. The anti-inflammatory potential of the purified extracts was assessed via inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, Cystoseira tamariscifolia being the one showing promising activity for the treatment of inflammation. NO scavenging ability was also addressed in cell free systems, F. spiralis being the species with highest capacity. The antimicrobial potential of the extracts was checked against five Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria and three fungi strains, that commonly colonize skin and mucosa and are responsible for food contamination. The different extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most susceptible species. Concerning antifungal activity, Trichophyton rubrum was the most sensitive species.Although the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties remain poorly understood, the results obtained turn phlorotannins purified extracts a novel and potent pharmacological alternative for the treatment of a wide range of microbial infections, which usually also present an inflammatory component. In addition to the biological properties demonstrated herein, phlorotannins extracts may also be preferred, in order to avoid side effects and allergic reactions commonly associated with synthetic drugs.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cell Line; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Inflammation; Macrophages; Mice; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Tannins

The phlorotannins (phloroglucinol, eckol, and dieckol) are active compounds found in Eisenia bicyclis, and have been widely investigated for their antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of these phlorotannins against pro-inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in mice treated by high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and the signaling pathways involved. The protective activities of the phlorotannins were determined by measuring permeability, leukocyte adhesion and migration, and the activations of pro-inflammatory proteins in HMGB1-activated HUVECs. We found that the phlorotannins inhibited; lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HMGB1 release, HMGB1-mediated barrier disruption, the expressions of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and the adhesion/transendothelial migration of leukocytes to human endothelial cells. The phlorotannins also suppressed acetic acid induced-hyperpermeability and carboxymethylcellulose-induced leukocytes migration in vivo. Further studies revealed that the hydroxyl groups on dieckol positively regulated these vascular barrier protective effects. Collectively, these results suggest that phloroglucinol, eckol, and dieckol protect vascular barrier integrity by inhibiting hyperpermeability, the expressions of CAMs, and the adhesion and migration of leukocytes, which confirms their potential usefulnesses for the treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases.

Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Blood Vessels; Blotting, Western; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Dioxins; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial Cells; Female; HMGB1 Protein; Humans; Inflammation; Kelp; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phloroglucinol; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tannins; Toll-Like Receptor 4

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disease, involving the skin and mucous epithelia, which is characterized by flaccid blisters and erosions. It is caused by the presence of autoantibodies directed against desmoglein, a glycoprotein that plays a critical role in cell-cell attachment. Upon a predisposing genetic background, different agents have been shown to act as triggers for the pathogenesis of pemphigus. The most evident association is with drug intake, while the role of diet is often underestimated. The aim of this article is to review the possible role of tannins, a group of phenolic metabolites that are widely distributed in almost all plant foods and beverages, particularly red wine, as a trigger for pemphigus vulgaris.

Topics: Acantholysis; Autoantibodies; Blister; Desmogleins; Eating; Humans; Inflammation; Pemphigus; Plants; Skin; Tannins; Wine

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Zea mays husk extract (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of body weight) were investigated in rats. The hot plate and formalin-induced paw licking models were used to assess analgesic effects of the extract, whereas the carrageenan and cotton pellet models were used for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity. The extract at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (P < .05) reduced pain stimuli and inflammatory activity when compared with the control group. The reductions in paw licking time and granuloma weight in the formalin and cotton pellet models were both dose dependent. Also, the 200 mg/kg doses of the extract produced higher effects compared with indomethacin (5 mg/kg body of weight) in all the tests. These observations suggest that Z. mays husk extract may have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that may be due to its tannins and polyphenolic constituents. These results provide scientific validation for the use of Z. mays husk decoction for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions in Nigerian folk medicine.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavonoids; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Pain; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tannins; Zea mays

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Brassica; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Chemokines, CXC; Diet; Humans; Inflammation; Models, Biological; Neoplasm Metastasis; Receptors, CXCR4; Tannins

Tannic acids (TAs) are believed to be the key active components in plants, and are believed to be responsible for their anti-inflammatory, anti-viral effects and chemoprevention of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms for the action of TA are unclear. This study examined the effects of TA on cutaneous inflammation with a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has multiple effects upon various cells involved in inflammatory response. In this study, the IL-18 mRNA expression and protein levels were reduced by a TA pretreatment. UV radiation can trigger the induction of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signalling cascade. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis was performed to determine if TA regulate the MAPK signalling pathway. TA significantly inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases. Moreover, TA-inhibited UVB enhanced the expression of the inflammatory mediators, IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrotic factor-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E(2) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. The topical application of TA on mouse skin treated with UVB irradiation has shown that TA inhibited the formation of erythema. These findings suggest that TA has significant anti-inflammatory effects on the UVB-induced response on the skin and may be a candidate natural compound for the regulation of cutaneous inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dinoprostone; Down-Regulation; Erythema; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-18; Keratinocytes; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Skin; Tannins; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays

Clinically, hemorrhoidal bleeding and prolapse disappeared immediately after injection of the sclerosing agent OC-108 into submucosa of hemorrhoids. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action responsible for the immediate hemostatic effect of OC-108 using anesthetized rats. Subcutaneous injection of OC-108 in rats decreased blood flow at the injection site within 5 min. Aluminum potassium sulfate, one of the main ingredients of OC-108, reduced the skin blood flow. However, tannic acid, another main ingredient, did not. By perfusion of OC-108 on the mesenteric surface, microcirculatory blood flow was arrested without remarkable change in blood vessel diameter, accompanied by increased vascular permeability and venous hematocrit. These results indicate that OC-108 induces regional blood flow arrest with rapid onset, this effect being attributed to the action of aluminum potassium sulfate, and that hemoconcentration due to increased vascular permeability (plasma extravasation), an acute inflammatory reaction, is involved in the mechanisms of the immediate hemostatic action of OC-108.

Topics: Acute Disease; Alum Compounds; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Capillary Permeability; Hematocrit; Hemorrhoids; Hemostatics; Inflammation; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Veins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Splanchnic Circulation; Tannins

OC-108 is a novel sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids, containing aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) and tannic acid as its main ingredients. In clinical studies, OC-108 injection therapy for severe internal hemorrhoids proved to be highly effective, not only on bleeding but also for prolapse, and the effects were comparable to hemorrhoidectomy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mode of action by administrating the agent s.c. to mice and rats. In response to OC-108 injection, inflammation with necrosis developed at an early stage followed by granuloma formation with fibrosis at the injection site. Necrotic debris with aluminum was observed in the granuloma for a long period. Alum, as well as OC-108, induced vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, and granuloma formation; however, tannic acid did not. On the other hand, tannic acid inhibited leukocyte infiltration induced by alum but did not inhibit granuloma formation. These results indicate that OC-108 causes sclerosis and retraction of hemorrhoids through fibrosis associated with granulomatous chronic inflammation induced by the main active ingredient alum and that the adjunct ingredient tannic acid reduces excessive acute inflammation induced by alum.

Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Capillary Permeability; Granuloma; Hemorrhoids; Inflammation; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Necrosis; Neutrophil Infiltration; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sclerosing Solutions; Tannins

Punicalagin and punicalin were isolated from the leaves of Terminalia catappa L. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of punicalagin and punicalin carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. After evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects, the edema rates were increased by carrageenan administration and reduced by drug treatment. After 4 hr of carrageenan administration, the best effect group was the punicalagin (10 mg/kg) treated group (inhibition rate was 58.15%), and the second was the punicalagin (5 mg/kg)-treated group (inhibition rate was 39.15%). However, even if the anti-inflammatory activity of punicalagin was the same as punicalin at the 5 mg/kg dose, the inhibition effect from larger doses of punicalagin was increased, but there was a decrease with a larger dose of punicalin. The data showed that both punicalagin and punicalin exert anti-inflammatory activity, but treatment with larger doses of punicalin may induce some cell damages.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Carrageenan; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Tannins

Inhalation of cotton mill dust leads to the development of the occupational lung disease byssinosis in a portion of the exposed workers. Condensed tannins present in the dust have biologic activities consistent with the hypothesis that they are one of the etiologic agents for the disease. Inhalation of either cotton dust or tannin provokes an acute inflammatory response characterized by the influx of neutrophils into the airways. The secretion of a low-molecular-weight, lipid neutrophil chemotactic factor from the alveolar macrophages in response to tannin stimulation appears to be important in this inflammatory process. In these studies, the effect of tannin the ability of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils to produce hydrogen peroxide was examined. Low concentrations of tannin itself induced a modest production of hydrogen peroxide from conditioned rabbit alveolar macrophages, while higher concentrations failed to induce peroxide production. In the presence of an independent stimulator of peroxide production (concanavalin A), tannin inhibited peroxide production at all concentrations examined. Aqueous extracts of cotton mill dust (CDE) had an identical effect on peroxide production in a manner that indicated that the tannin present in the dust was responsible for the effect. Like its direct effect on macrophage peroxide production, tannin induced modest peroxide production in human neutrophils. However, unlike its effect on macrophages, tannin enhanced the peroxide production induced by the presence of an independent stimulator (phorbol myristate acetate). CDE had a similar effect on peroxide production, but the dose-response curves suggested that only the high-molecular-weight polymers of tannin present in the CDE were able to enhance peroxide production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Catalase; Dust; Endotoxins; Gossypium; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inflammation; Macrophages; Masoprocol; Neutrophils; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rabbits; Tannins

Anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated rabbits were exposed to aerosolized saline, cotton dust extract (CDE), or tannin for 5 minutes and lavaged 4 hours after exposure. Cell numbers and types present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined and the concentrations of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) in the BALF were also analyzed. The saline control animals had increased numbers and percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the BALF as well as increased levels of TxB2 and PGF2-alpha compared with unexposed animals. Exposure to CDE further increased the number and percentage of PMN and the level of PGF2-alpha but had no effect on TxA2 levels when compared with control animals. Tannin exposure increased PGF2-alpha levels to the same extent as CDE exposure. PMN also increased but to a lesser extent than with CDE. These results indicate that the inflammatory response to CDE is only partially due to the tannin present in CDE.

Topics: Animals; Byssinosis; Chemotactic Factors; Dinoprost; Gossypium; Inflammation; Lung; Neutrophils; Rabbits; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Tannins; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thromboxane A2

Topics: Antibodies; Antigens; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Collagen Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Creatine Kinase; Endocrine System Diseases; Esophageal Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Heart Diseases; Hemagglutination Tests; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Inflammation; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Lung Diseases; Microbial Collagenase; Nervous System Diseases; Precipitin Tests; Streptococcus; Tannins; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Ascorbic Acid; Bronchitis; Dermatologic Agents; Dust; Humans; Infections; Inflammation; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Silicosis; Tannins

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenalectomy; Ascorbic Acid; Catechols; Edema; Formaldehyde; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Inflammation; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Tannins; Tea; Urine

Topics: Benzopyrans; Inflammation; Menstrual Hygiene Products; Tampons, Surgical; Tannins