tannins and Hyperlipidemias

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Benzofurans; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL5; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Neointima; Phenotype; Receptors, CCR5; Signal Transduction; Tannins

To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of apple polyphenols extract (APE) in Triton WR-1339-induced endogenous hyperlipidemic model.. Firstly, APE was isolated and purified from the pomace of Red Fuji Apple and contents of individual polyphenols in APE were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Secondly, forty male National Institude of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. The Fenofibrate Capsules (FC) group and APE groups received oral administration of respective drugs for 7 consecutive days. All mice except those in the normal group were intravenously injected through tail vein with Triton WR-1339 on the 6th day. Serum and livers from all the mice were obtained 18 h after the injection. The changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) were measured by respective kits. Finally, expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS SERUM TC AND TG LEVELS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN TRITON WR-1339-INDUCED MODEL GROUP COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP (P<0.01). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY REDUCED THE SERUM LEVEL OF TG IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.01). SERUM LPL AND HTGL ACTIVITIES SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN TRITON WR-1339-INDUCED MODEL GROUP COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP (P<0.05). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED THE SERUM ACTIVITY OF LPL IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.05 OR P<0.01). FURTHERMORE, COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP, HEPATIC MRNA LEVEL OF PPARα IN THE MODEL GROUP SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED (P<0.01). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED THE EXPRESSION OF PPARα IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.05 OR P<0.01):. APE could reduce TG level via up-regulation of LPL activity, which provides new evidence to elucidate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of APE.

Topics: Animals; Chlorogenic Acid; Cholesterol; Flavonoids; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipoprotein Lipase; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Polyethylene Glycols; PPAR alpha; RNA, Messenger; Tannins; Triglycerides; Up-Regulation

To evaluate the protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) on the lipid profile and antioxidant parameters in high fat meal and streptozotocin induced hypercholesteremia associated diabetes model in rats.. The crude tannin fraction was separated from the acetone (70% v/v) bark extract of F. racemosa. Oral administration of tannin fraction (TF) (100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) to rats fed with high fat meal for 30 days (4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 0.5% egg albumin) and injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg i.p. in citrate buffer on 14th day).. The administration of TF significantly reverse the increased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and also significantly restored the insulin and high density lipoprotein in the serum. In addition tannins significantly restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreased the, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, thereby restoring the antioxidant status of the organs to almost normal levels.. The results of this study show that two different doses of tannin supplementation had a favorable effect on plasma glucose and lipid profile concentrations. It also had an influence on attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic tats.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, High-Fat; Ficus; Heart; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Kidney; Liver; Male; Myocardium; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin; Tannins

Artemisia campestris is used as antivenom and anti-inflammatory Tunisian folk medicine. Recently, increased oxidative stress was shown to play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. This study was designed to examine the effects of A. campestris leaf aqueous extract (Ac) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats by measuring glycemia, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), activities of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. Results of our study showed an increase in blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level and disturbed antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) in the pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats. Furthermore, MDA, PCO and AOPP were elevated in the pancreas of the diabetic rats. The administration of Ac to diabetic rats at a dose of 200mgkg(-1)bw resulted in a significant reduction in glycemia, TC, TG, LDL-c, pancreas LPO, PCO and AOPP levels, CAT and GPx activities associated with an elevation of GSH content and SOD activity in comparison with diabetic group. We conclude that A. campestris aqueous extract may be effective for correcting hyperglycemia and preventing diabetic complications.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Artemisia; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Flavonoids; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin; Lipids; Male; Oxidative Stress; Pancreas; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Protein Carbonylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tannins; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

We conducted this study to isolate novel anti-hyperlipidemic agents derived from natural marine products. To accomplish this, we investigated the effects of ethanolic (EtOH) extracts of Ecklonia stolonifera and its phlorotannin constituents, eckol and dieckol, on serum lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia that was induced by a high-cholesterol diet or poloxamer 407. Treatment with the EtOH extracts of E. stolonifera and its phlorotannin-rich ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions induced a significant reduction in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) level in hyperlipidemic rats. However, treatment with the water (H(2)O) fraction did not exert any significant effects on the serum levels of hyperlipidemic rats. In addition, eckol and dieckol isolated from the active EtOAc fraction induced a significant reduction in serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, as well as in the atherogenic index (A.I.). Furthermore, treatment with dieckol induced a greater decrease in the serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels of hyperlipidemic rats than eckol or lovastatin, as well as an increase in the serum HDL-C levels. Taken together, these results suggest that phlorotannins such as eckol and dieckol have the potential for use for the prevention of hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis.

Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Cholesterol, Dietary; Diet; Dioxins; Ethanol; Freeze Drying; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Male; Phaeophyceae; Poloxamer; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solvents; Tannins; Triglycerides

The effect of apple polyphenol extract (APE) on the proliferation and invasion of a rat ascites hepatoma cell line of AH109A was examined in vitro. APE suppressed both the hepatoma proliferation and invasion in a dose-dependent manner up to 200 mug/ml. Serum obtained from rats orally given APE also inhibited hepatoma proliferation and invasion when added to the culture medium. Subsequently, the effect of dietary APE on growth and the metastasis of AH109A hepatomas were investigated in vivo. APE reduced the growth and metastasis of solid hepatomas and significantly suppressed the serum lipid peroxide level in rats transplanted with AH109A. APE also suppressed the serum very-low-density lipoprotein + low-density lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol level. These in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that APE has anti-hepatoma activities.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Proliferation; Chlorogenic Acid; Flavonoids; Hyperlipidemias; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tannins; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Effect of Sannoshashinto, Shosaikoto and Diasaikoto, Japanese and Chinese traditional medicinal mixtures (kampohozai), on cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia, aging-induced hyperlipidemia and cholesterol turnover were studied in rats. Sannoshashinto, Shosaikoto and Daisaikoto reduced the hypercholesterolemia induced by a high cholesterol diet and Sannoshashinto and Daisaikoto improved the atherogenetic index. Liver total cholesterol as increased by a high cholesterol diet was reduced by all three kampohozai. Furthermore, the increases of serum and liver triglyceride were also inhibited. In an experiment using untreated aging rats, both serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were increased. The aging-induced increases of serum total cholesterol were inhibited by Sannoshashinto and Daisaikoto and the increases of serum triglyceride were reduced by all three kampohozai. These drugs showed no effect on cholesterol biosynthesis in liver. Sannoshashinto, however, appeared to accelerate the disappearance of cholesterol from blood, while Daisaikoto inhibited the cholesterol absorption from the intestine.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Berberine; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Japan; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tannins