tannins and Hypercholesterolemia

Bile acid-binding agents are known to lower blood cholesterol levels and have been clinically used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We previously showed that tannin-rich fiber from young persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruits had bile acid-binding properties. In this study, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of tannin-rich fiber in humans. The subjects (n = 40, plasma total cholesterol levels 180-259 mg/dl) were divided into 3 groups and ingested cookie bars containing 0 g (placebo group, n = 14), 3 g (low-dose group, n = 13), or 5 g (high-dose group, n = 13) of tannin-rich fiber 3 times daily before meals for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the low-dose (12 weeks, p < 0.005) and high-dose (6 weeks, p < 0.05; 12 weeks, p < 0.001) groups. In addition, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the high-dose group (6 weeks, p < 0.05; 12 weeks, p < 0.001). These improvements were not accompanied by changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or plasma triglyceride levels. Our findings indicate that tannin-rich fiber from young persimmon fruits is a useful food material for treating hypercholesterolemia.

Topics: Adult; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Fiber; Diospyros; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fruit; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Extracts; Tannins; Triglycerides

To evaluate the protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) on the lipid profile and antioxidant parameters in high fat meal and streptozotocin induced hypercholesteremia associated diabetes model in rats.. The crude tannin fraction was separated from the acetone (70% v/v) bark extract of F. racemosa. Oral administration of tannin fraction (TF) (100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) to rats fed with high fat meal for 30 days (4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 0.5% egg albumin) and injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg i.p. in citrate buffer on 14th day).. The administration of TF significantly reverse the increased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and also significantly restored the insulin and high density lipoprotein in the serum. In addition tannins significantly restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreased the, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, thereby restoring the antioxidant status of the organs to almost normal levels.. The results of this study show that two different doses of tannin supplementation had a favorable effect on plasma glucose and lipid profile concentrations. It also had an influence on attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic tats.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, High-Fat; Ficus; Heart; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Kidney; Liver; Male; Myocardium; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin; Tannins

The effect of supplementation of three fruits, Indian gall nut, bedda nut and gooseberry, on serum lipid levels and excretion of bile acids was investigated. Rats made hypercholesterolemic by feeding hypercholesterolemia inducing diet (HID) for a period of 30 days were used as the test model. Feeding of a dried powder of these fruits along with the HID resulted in significant (p<0.01) reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol remained unchanged in groups fed gall nut and bedda nut. However, the levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in groups fed mixed and gooseberry diets in comparison to the control diet. Excretion of bile acids was found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher in animals receiving the three fruits in combination in comparison to those receiving the individual fruits.

Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Fruit; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipids; Male; Nutritive Value; Oxalates; Phytic Acid; Powders; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saponins; Tannins; Triglycerides

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cholesterol; Dermatologic Agents; Edible Grain; Fasting; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipoproteins; Phenols; Rabbits; Tannins