tannins and Hepatitis-A

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Antitubercular Agents; Azathioprine; Blood Transfusion; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Female; Halothane; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Humans; Infant; Leukocytosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Penicillins; Prothrombin Time; Sulfonamides; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Cold Temperature; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Haplorhini; Hemagglutination Tests; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Humans; Immune Sera; Methods; Papain; Rabbits; Sheep; Tannins

Topics: Antibodies; Chromatography; Erythrocytes; gamma-Globulins; Hemagglutination Tests; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Precipitin Tests; Tannins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatologic Agents; Hepatitis A; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Tannins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Dermatologic Agents; Hepatitis A; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hepatitis A; Humans; Tannins

Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Hemagglutination; Hepatitis A; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Tannins

The LD(50) +/- S.E. of tannic acid given orally to albino rats was found to be 2.26+/-0.083 g. per kg. body weight, which is higher than its apparent LD(50) when given per rectum. The immediate cause of death was respiratory failure preceded by convulsions when death occurred early and by hypothermic cachexia when death was delayed. Death was associated with a progressively developing hepatic necrosis and nephritis and a temporary acute gastroenteritis. It was accompanied by loss of weight and edema in many organs, evidence of stimulation of the spleen, adrenal cortex and testes, and atrophy of the thymus. Recovery in survivors was associated with a temporary increase in weight of the spleen and testes and persistence of loss of weight in the adrenal, pyloric stomach, and skin.

Topics: Cachexia; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Edema; Gastroenteritis; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Hypothermia; Liver Diseases; Nephritis; Pathology; Rats; Research; Seizures; Spleen; Tannins; Toxicology

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Flavonoids; Hepatitis A; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Pentoxyl; Pyrimidines; Tannins

Topics: Barium Sulfate; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Enema; Geriatrics; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Radiology; Tannins; Toxicology

Topics: Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination; Hemagglutination Tests; Hepatitis A; Humans; Pharmacology; Serologic Tests; Tannins

Tannic acid contained in the barium enema was found to have been the sole known potential hepatotoxin in four of the five cases of fulminating fatal liver failure that occurred in a 213-bed hospital over a period of 27 months. In the other case halothane anesthesia had also been administered. Autopsies (performed on four of the cases) did not suggest viral hepatitis but showed substantially indentical hepatic changes, not unlike those reported in the past following tannic acid exposure. Proof is not claimed that tannic acid was the cause of these deaths, but further investigation regarding the safety of its administration in barium enemas is advocated.

Topics: Barium; Barium Sulfate; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Enema; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver Diseases; Radiography, Abdominal; Tannins; Toxicology