tannins and Gingivitis

Flavan-3-ols and their oligomeric forms called proanthocyanidins are polyphenolic compounds occurring in several foodstuffs and in many medicinal herbs. Their consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. They exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, as well as antimicrobial activity. The latter property is important in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infection characterized by a destructive inflammatory process affecting the periodontium. Using non-toxic and efficient natural products such as flavanol derivatives can significantly contribute to alleviating periodontitis symptoms and preventing the disease's progress. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review of proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was performed. The present paper reviews the direct antibacterial effects of these compounds against periodontic pathogens. The immunomodulatory effects, including animal and clinical studies, are included in a separate, parallel article. There is significant evidence supporting the importance of the antibacterial action exerted by proanthocyanidins from edible fruits, tea, and medicinal herbs in the inhibition of periodontitis-causing pathogens.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Fruit; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontitis; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Polyphenols; Proanthocyanidins; Tannins; Tea

The present article reviewed the biological activities and possible dental application of three major polyphenols, i.e., lignin-carbohydrate complexes, tannins, and flavonoids, citing mostly our in vitro studies together with those from other groups. All these polyphenols showed much lower tumor-selective cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells vs. normal oral cells (gingival fibroblast, pulp cell, periodontal ligament fibroblast), in comparison to popular chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs. Several compounds showing higher tumor-selectivity did not induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, in oral carcinoma cell lines. Lignin-carbohydrate complex protected the cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV infection and UV irradiation more efficiently than other polyphenols. Limited digestion of lignin-carbohydrate complex suggests that the lignin moiety is involved in the prominent anti-HIV activity, whereas the carbohydrate moiety may function in immunopotentiating activity through a cell surface receptor. Alkaline extract of plant leaf, which contains higher amounts of lignin-carbohydrate complex, showed potent anti-inflammatory action against IL-1β-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Local application of lignin-carbohydrate complex through oral mucosa is recommended, considering its poor intestinal absorption.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; DNA Fragmentation; Flavonoids; Gingivitis; HIV Infections; Humans; Lignin; Mouth Neoplasms; Nucleosomes; Polyphenols; Sunscreening Agents; Tannins; Ultraviolet Rays

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Iranian green tea mouthwash containing 1% tannin on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis.. In this randomized, double-blinded, parallel, controlled clinical trial, 40 volunteer dental students with a gingival index ≥1 were enrolled. At baseline, gingival, plaque, and bleeding indices were recorded and all the participants received dental polishing. Based on random allocation, 20 participants used the test and 20 used chlorhexidine mouthwash with no change in regular toothbrushing methods. The participants were asked to use 15 mL of the respective mouthwash for 1 min, twice a day for 28 days. All indices, as well as stain index, were recorded after 1 and 4 weeks post-rinsing. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.. Significant in-group differences, but not between-group differences, were observed in all indices after 1 and 4 weeks compared to baseline. The test mouthwash resulted in significantly less tooth staining than the control.. The 1% tannin green tea mouthwash could be a safe and feasible adjunct to mechanical plaque control. The tested green tea mouthwash could be considered a good alternative for chlorhexidine in contraindicating situations.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Camellia sinensis; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Tannins; Tea; Young Adult

The exposed dentin of overdenture abutments can lead to caries. Therefore chemical protection is needed to prevent caries. Considering that dentin contains both organic and inorganic components, reinforcement of both components should give reasonable results. Tannin-fluoride preparation strengthens both the organic and inorganic components of teeth.. This study examined whether the tannin-fluoride preparation protects noncoping abutments.. Thirty-one subjects aged 36 to 86 years participated in the clinical trial. A trial autopolymerizing resin containing the preparation or a conventional autopolymerizing resin was applied to the inner surface of the denture base, which was in contact with the abutments. When there were autopolymerizing resin group abutments, there was also at least one preparation group abutment under the overdenture.. The incidence of caries in the preparation and autopolymerizing resin groups were 0% and 0%, respectively, for the first 2 years, 4.5% and 0%, respectively, during the 3- to 4-year period, 13.8% and 75%, respectively, during the 5- to 8-year period, and 10% and 15%, respectively, in total. Gingival crevicular fluid demonstrated a tendency to decrease in both groups over time.. The trial autopolymerizing resin containing the preparation has a long-term caries prevention effect, and helps to maintain gingival health. Without adding clinical steps, abutments can be protected by the tannin-fluoride preparation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Dentin; Denture Design; Denture, Overlay; Female; Fluorides; Gingival Recession; Gingivitis; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Resins, Synthetic; Tannins

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the action of a new natural drug--Naran S, elaborated in the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of the Medical University of Lublin (patent registration P.332066) in the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity mucous membrane. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats. Topical inflammation of the gum was induced by injecting a complete Freund adjuvant (AF) (Calbiochem) into the inter-dental papilla of the lower incisors. The material was taken, fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by the use of the Masson's method after 24 hours, 1, 2, and 4 weeks following the injection time. Morphology of the mucous membrane was examined and it was noticed that in the group treated with Naran S infusion the complete rebuilding of the epithelial strata, collagen fibres took place. The shape of the cells was regular and there occurred the elimination of the tissue fluid in the proper mucous membrane. The results obtained in the study allow to claim that the topically given plant drug thanks to its contents of biologically active substance such as: iridoids, flavonoids, phenol acids, tannins, displays curative activity in the therapy of the inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity mucous membrane.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Flavonoids; Freund's Adjuvant; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Iridoids; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

It was examined whether the tannin-fluoride preparation (HY preparation), which might have a caries-reductive, plaque inhibiting and astringent action, could reduce the incidence of gingival inflammation around abutment teeth. Zinc oxide eugenol cement mixed with the HY preparation was packed in the cavity prepared in the resin base facing the abutment tooth. Gingival crevicular fluid (Periotron units:GCF), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PlI) and probing depth around the abutment teeth were measured over a 3 month period. The following results were obtained: 1. GCF decreased at month 1 and showed low values at months 2 and 3. 2. GI showed a decreasing tendency. 3. PlI and probing depth did not show obvious changes. These results indicate that the tannin-fluoride preparation reduces gingival inflammation around abutment teeth.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Astringents; Dental Abutments; Dental Plaque Index; Denture, Partial, Removable; Female; Fluorides; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

It was examined, in this study, whether the tannin-fluoride preparation (HY preparation), which might have a caries reductive, plaque inhibiting and astringent action, could reduce the incidence of gingival inflammation around abutment teeth for removable partial dentures. Zinc oxide eugenol cement mixed with HY preparation filled in the cavity prepared in the resin base facing the abutment tooth. Crevicular fluid (Periotron unit: GCF), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PII), probing depth and caries activity around the abutment tooth were measured during 12 months. The following results were obtained: 1. GCF decreased at 1 month later and showed low values at 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. 2. The percentage of low GI value showed an increasing tendency during the experimental period. 3. There was slight variation in PII and probing depth during the experimental period. 4. Caries activity showed a decreasing tendency. These results indicate that the tannin-fluoride preparation reduces not only caries activity but also gingival inflammation around abutment tooth.

Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque Index; Denture, Partial, Removable; Fluorides, Topical; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Periodontal Index; Stomatitis, Denture; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dental Abutments; Denture Design; Denture, Overlay; Female; Fluorides; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Tannins

Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Female; Gingivitis; Herpes Labialis; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Pantothenic Acid; Periodontitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tannins; Vasoconstrictor Agents