tannins and Dyslipidemias

Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose; Disease Models, Animal; Dyslipidemias; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myrtaceae; Obesity; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Tannins; Time Factors; Weight Gain

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) consumption has been associated with health beneficial effects. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a comorbidity of obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CBE) on hepatic inflammation in high fat (HF)-fed obese C57BL/6J mice. Following dietary treatment with 0.8% CBE for 10 weeks, we observed no change in body weight or visceral fat mass in CBE-supplemented mice compared to HF-fed control mice. We did observe a significant decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase (31%) and histological severity of NAFLD (33% decrease in area of involvement, 29% decrease in lipid droplet size) compared to HF-fed controls. Hepatic protein levels of tumor necrosis factor α and C-C chemokine ligand 2 were reduced by 28% and 19%, respectively, following CBE supplementation. CBE significantly decreased hepatic mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, 63%) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB, 24%), as well as a number of genes related to the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. In conclusion, CBE reduced NAFLD and hepatic inflammation in HF-fed obese C57BL/6J mice. These effects appear to be related to mitigation of TLR4-NFκB related signaling; however, further studies into the underlying mechanisms of these hepatoprotective effects are needed.

Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Dyslipidemias; Fruit; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammasomes; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Droplets; Liver; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Random Allocation; Tannins; Vaccinium macrocarpon