tannins and Diabetic-Nephropathies

Diabetic nephropathy is manifested in more than 10% of people with diabetes. It is a common cause of kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease. Understanding of mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetes-induced kidney injuries will allow for the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a wide-ranging complication of diabetes, and it is necessary to discuss the "weight" of pro-inflammatory pathways and molecules in the progress of renal injuries during the development of the disease. A large spectrum of pro-inflammatory molecules and pathways participate in different stages of the pathophysiological progression of diabetic nephropathy, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors. On the other hand, it is known that one of the consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation is the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which, in turn, activate the transcription of genes encoding cytokines-chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. It is a proven fact that a variety of plant secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols, demonstrate significant anti-diabetic, redox-modulating properties and effectively modulate the inflammatory response. Thus, this review is discussing the possible role of plant phenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Topics: Chemokines; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney; Oxidative Stress; Polyphenols; Signal Transduction; Tannins

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with persistent increased level of glucose in the blood. According to a report by World Health Organisation (WHO), prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age had reached to 8.5% in year 2014 which was 4.7% in 1980s. The Prolong increased level of glucose in blood leads to development of microvascular (blindness, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular and stroke) degenerative complications because of uncontrolled level of glucose in blood. This also leads to the progression of oxidative stress and affecting metabolic, genetic and haemodynamic system by activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway and increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are one of the major leading causes of mortality worldwide. Various natural products like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and polyphenols are reported for their activity in management of diabetes and its associated diabetic complications. Tannins are systematically studied by many researchers in past few decades for their effect in diabetes and its complications.. The present review was designed to compile the data of tannins and their beneficial effects in the management of diabetic complications.. Literature search was performed using various dataset like pubmed, EBSCO, proQuest Scopus and selected websites including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO).. Globally, more than 400 natural products have been investigated in diabetes and its complications. Tannins are the polyphenolic compounds present in many medicinal plants and various dietary sources like fruits, nuts, grains, spices and beverages. Various reports have shown that compounds like gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin and procynidins from medicinal plants play major role in controlling progression of diabetes and its related complications by acting on molecular pathways and key targets involved in progression. Many chemists used above mentioned phyto-constituents as a pharmacophore for the developing new chemical entities having higher therapeutic benefits in management of diabetic complications.. This review focuses on the role of various tannins in prevention and management of diabetic complications like diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. It will help researchers to find some leads for the development of new cost effective therapy using dietary source for the management of diabetic complications.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Neuropathies; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Plants, Medicinal; Protein Kinase C; Tannins

The present investigation aimed to study the possible antidiabetic and related antioxidant potentials of tannic acid and melatonin in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats. Four groups of rats received intraperitoneal one dose of 50mg/kg body weight STZ for the induction of diabetes. The first group served as diabetic control group and received the vehicle. Four days after induction of diabetes, the remaining three groups received glibenclamide (6mg/kg/day), tannic acid (1 g/kg/day) and melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. A fifth group served as vehicle control group. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples and liver samples were collected for the determination of diabetes correlated biomarkers. Treatment of diabetic rats with tannic acid or melatonin attenuated most of the changes associated with STZ induced diabetes. The present results evidenced the beneficial effects of tannic acid and melatonin in diabetes management.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glycogen; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Kidney Function Tests; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Melatonin; Rats, Wistar; Tannins