tannins and Diabetic-Angiopathies

Blechnum orientale Linn. (B. orientale) is a fern traditionally used by the natives as a poultice to treat wounds, boils, ulcers, blisters, abscesses, and sores on the skin.. To investigate the wound healing ability of a concentrated extract of B. orientale in a hydrogel formulation in healing diabetic ulcer wounds.. The water extract from the leaves of B. orientale was separated from the crude methanolic extract and subjected to flash column chromatography techniques to produce concentrated fractions. These fractions were tested for phytochemical composition, tannin content, antioxidative and antibacterial activity. The bioactive fraction was formulated into a sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel. The extract-loaded hydrogels were then characterized and tested on excision ulcer wounds of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Wound size was measured for 14 days. Histopathological studies were conducted on the healed wound tissues to observe for epithelisation, fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. All possible mean values were subjected to statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and post-hoc with Tukey's T-test (P<0.05).. One fraction exhibited strong antioxidative and antibacterial activity. The fraction was also highly saturated with tannins, particularly condensed tannins. Fraction W5-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity compared to three standards (α-Tocopherol, BHT and Trolox-C). Antibacterial activity was also present, and notably bactericidal towards Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at 0.25mg/ml. The extract-loaded hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning properties, with high moisture retention ability. The bioactive fraction at 4% w/w was shown to be able to close diabetic wounds by Day 12 on average. Other groups, including controls, only exhibited wound closure by Day 14 (or not at all). Histopathological studies had also shown that extract-treated wounds exhibited re-epithelisation, higher fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis.. The ethnopharmacological effects of using B. orientale as a topical treatment for external wounds was validated and was also significantly effective in treating diabetic ulcer wounds. Thus, B. orientale extract hydrogel may be presented as a potential treatment for diabetic ulcer wounds.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Angiopathies; Ferns; Fibroblasts; Hydrogels; Hydroxyproline; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Re-Epithelialization; Skin; Streptozocin; Tannins; Time Factors; Ulcer; Wound Healing

To evaluate the protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) on the lipid profile and antioxidant parameters in high fat meal and streptozotocin induced hypercholesteremia associated diabetes model in rats.. The crude tannin fraction was separated from the acetone (70% v/v) bark extract of F. racemosa. Oral administration of tannin fraction (TF) (100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) to rats fed with high fat meal for 30 days (4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 0.5% egg albumin) and injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg i.p. in citrate buffer on 14th day).. The administration of TF significantly reverse the increased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and also significantly restored the insulin and high density lipoprotein in the serum. In addition tannins significantly restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreased the, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, thereby restoring the antioxidant status of the organs to almost normal levels.. The results of this study show that two different doses of tannin supplementation had a favorable effect on plasma glucose and lipid profile concentrations. It also had an influence on attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic tats.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, High-Fat; Ficus; Heart; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Kidney; Liver; Male; Myocardium; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin; Tannins

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the flavonoid delphinidin chloride (CAS 528-53-0, IdB 1056) on diabetic microangiopathy. Hamsters were injected with alloxan and cheek pouch microcirculation was observed by a fluorescent microscopy technique 90 days from alloxan. The increase in permeability, the number of adhering leukocytes to venular vessel wall and vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. In diabetic group microvascular permeability and the number of sticking leukocytes to the venular endothelium were increased. Vasoconstriction by Ach was observed while the vasodilation by SNP was significantly attenuated in diabetic animals. These results are consistent for a decreased relaxation and suggest also an impairment in the smooth muscle cell function in diabetic arterioles. IdB 1056 exhibited an inhibitory effect on increased microvascular permeability and on leukocytes adhering to the venular vessels. Indeed, the treatment with IdB 1056 in diabetic hamsters pretreated or not with indometacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, restored the relaxant responses to Ach and SNP. In conclusion, the effects of IdB 1056 observed in vivo at the microcirculatory level prevent the injury to endothelial cell function associated with diabetes and/or oxidative stress.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anthocyanins; Benzopyrans; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Capillary Permeability; Cell Adhesion; Cricetinae; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Angiopathies; Indomethacin; Leukocytes; Male; Mesocricetus; Microcirculation; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nitroprusside; Tannins