tannins and Dental-Plaque

Topics: Acetates; Dental Enamel Solubility; Dental Plaque; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; In Vitro Techniques; Streptococcus; Strontium; Tannins; Zinc

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Iranian green tea mouthwash containing 1% tannin on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis.. In this randomized, double-blinded, parallel, controlled clinical trial, 40 volunteer dental students with a gingival index ≥1 were enrolled. At baseline, gingival, plaque, and bleeding indices were recorded and all the participants received dental polishing. Based on random allocation, 20 participants used the test and 20 used chlorhexidine mouthwash with no change in regular toothbrushing methods. The participants were asked to use 15 mL of the respective mouthwash for 1 min, twice a day for 28 days. All indices, as well as stain index, were recorded after 1 and 4 weeks post-rinsing. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.. Significant in-group differences, but not between-group differences, were observed in all indices after 1 and 4 weeks compared to baseline. The test mouthwash resulted in significantly less tooth staining than the control.. The 1% tannin green tea mouthwash could be a safe and feasible adjunct to mechanical plaque control. The tested green tea mouthwash could be considered a good alternative for chlorhexidine in contraindicating situations.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Camellia sinensis; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Tannins; Tea; Young Adult

There is a continuing search for ingredients to enhance the chemical plaque inhibitory action of oral hygiene products. Sanguinarine, other natural extracts and triclosan have already been used in products. The aim of this study was to evaluate a number of triclosan and natural product rinses for effects on plaque regrowth. In particular, the influence of other rinse components were assessed, notably sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and zinc. The study was a randomised, blind, 9-cell cross-over design to measure the effects of each rinse on 4-day plaque regrowth from a zero baseline. 15 volunteers rinsed 2x daily with each product and plaque was recorded by area and score. The 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse (positive control) was significantly more effective, and the saline rinse (negative control) significantly less effective, than other rinses. Sanguinarine alone was little different from saline and the addition of zinc made a modest improvement in activity. The 3 triclosan/SLS rinses were more effective than the sanguinarine rinses but similar to their minus triclosan control rinse. A natural product/SLS experimental rinse was second to chlorhexidine and, in many analyses, significantly better than all other rinses, but caused some oral erosions. The results indicate that the plaque inhibitory properties of basic ingredients such as SLS may be difficult to enhance or surpass. However, the possible range of recipes, particularly using natural ingredients, provides scope for research and development in the field of oral hygiene products.

Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Astringents; Benzophenanthridines; Chamomile; Chlorhexidine; Chlorides; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Eugenol; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Isoquinolines; Krameriaceae; Male; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Resins, Plant; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Tannins; Terpenes; Thymol; Triclosan; Zinc; Zinc Compounds

This study, for the first time, investigated the in vitro inhibitory effects of Potentilla recta extracts and subfractions obtained with solvents of different polarity (aqueous, 50% ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) against cariogenic Streptococcus spp. strains. It was found that the tested samples inhibited the growth of oral streptococci. Furthermore, all five P. recta preparations exhibited an inhibitory effect on water-insoluble α-(1→3)-,α-(1→6)-linked glucan (mutan) and artificial dental plaque formation. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antibiofilm activities especially against S. sobrinus GCM 20381, with minimum mutan and biofilm inhibition concentrations of 6.25 and 25 µg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical profile of active constituents in the investigated samples was analysed. The high polyphenolics (total phenol, phenolic acids, tannins, proantocyanidins, flavonoids) content were found. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest concentration of total polyphenol content which may correlate with the high cariogenic activity of this subfraction. The results demonstrate that P. recta extracts and subfractions could become useful supplements for pharmaceutical products as new anticariogenic agents in a wide range of oral care products. Further studies are necessary to clarify the precise bioactive constituents of P. recta responsible for the anticariogenic properties.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Plaque; Flavonoids; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenols; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Potentilla; Proanthocyanidins; Streptococcus sobrinus; Tannins

The development of therapeutic agents inhibiting the activity of glucosyltransferases (GTF) and their production of glucans is a potential strategy to reduce dental decay. The aim of this study was first to characterize a GTF preparation from Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 and then to evaluate the effects of select compounds and mouthrinses on insoluble glucan (ISG) formation by combined GTFs.. The purity of the crude GTF mixture was assessed by electrophoresis. The effects of pH, temperature, sucrose, and dextran T10 concentrations on GTF activity were analyzed and the chemical structure of the products was investigated. Finally, the inhibition of GTF by commercial mouthrinses used in oral hygiene and their active components (chlorhexidine, polyphenolic compounds, fluoride derivatives, polyols, cetylpyridinium chloride, and povidone iodine) was analyzed through the reductions in the overall reaction rate and the quantity of ISG synthesized.. The S. sobrinus ATCC 33478 crude GTF preparation obtained contains a mixture of four different GTFs known for this species. For optimal adherent ISG formation, the reaction parameters were 37 degrees C, pH 6.5, sucrose 50 g/l, and dextran T10 2 g/l. Under these conditions, the most effective agents were chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and tannic acid. Eludril, Elmex, and Betadine were the most effective inhibitors of all the mouthrinses tested.. As the formulation of commercial products considerably influences the efficiency of active components, the fast representative ISG inhibition test developed in this study should be of great interest.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cariostatic Agents; Cetylpyridinium; Chlorhexidine; Dental Plaque; Dextrans; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavonoids; Fluorides; Glucans; Glucosyltransferases; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Materials Testing; Mouthwashes; Pharmaceutical Preparations, Dental; Phenols; Polymers; Polyphenols; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Povidone-Iodine; Solubility; Streptococcus sobrinus; Sucrose; Tannins; Temperature

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of herb extracts on caries-related bacteria and glucan of dental plaque in vitro. Bacterial sensitivity tests were done using broth dilution, and the phenol sulphate method was used to assess glucan inhibition. The results showed that tannic acid could inhibit bacterial growth more effectively than other herb extracts. Eugenol showed a 46.87 +/- 12.74 and 36.67 +/- 6.30% inhibitory effect on insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis, respectively. Cnidium, barbaloin, caryophyllin, and piperine had > 40.0% inhibitory effect on soluble glucan synthesis. Both insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis of S. sobrinus were inhibited by eugenol and piperine. Eugenol and piperine were efficacious in inhibiting glucan synthesis making them desirable agents for oral care products.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Eugenol; Glucans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Solubility; Tannins

Chemical evaluation of the semi-purified fraction from the seeds of guaraná, Paullinia cupana H.B.K. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke, yielded the following compounds: caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, ent-epicatechin, and procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B4, A2, and C1. Measurement of the antioxidant activity by reduction of the DPPH radical confirmed the anti-radical properties of the aqueous (AqE) and crude (EBPC) extracts and semi-purified (EPA and EPB) fractions. The EPA fraction showed radical-scavenging activity (RSA) and protected DPPH from discoloration at 5.23 +/- 0.08 (RSD% = 1.49) microg/mL, and for the phosphomolybdenum complex showed a higher Relative Antioxidant Capacity (RAC) at 0.75 +/- 0.01 (1.75). The EPA fraction had a total polyphenolics content of 65.80% +/- 0.62 (RSD% = 0.93). The plant drug showed 5.47% +/- 0.19 (RSD% = 3.51) and 6.19% +/- 0.08 (RSD% = 1.29) for total polyphenolics and methylxanthines, respectively. In vitro assessment of the antibacterial potential of the Paullinia cupana extracts against Streptococcus mutans showed that these could be used in the prevention of bacterial dental plaque.

Topics: Antioxidants; Dental Plaque; Humans; Paullinia; Plant Extracts; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins

Topics: Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Nigeria; Plant Extracts; Saliva; Tannins

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Dental Plaque; Fluorides; Humans; Tannins; Tea

Topics: Dental Plaque; Humans; Plant Extracts; Tannins

Topics: Adhesiveness; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Nigeria; Oral Hygiene; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins

A clinical model was introduced to study the ability of chlorhexidine, tannic acid, and iron to discolor dental plaque formed on acrylic resin surfaces. None of the agents caused discoloration when applied individually five times daily during a 5-day period. However, exposure of the dental plaque to either chlorhexidine or tannic acid before the iron applications produced marked staining. Possible mechanisms, among which denaturation appears to be significant, are discussed. The use of a strong oxidizing agent, peroxymonosulfate, completely bleached the established discolorations.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Chlorhexidine; Color; Dental Plaque; Denture Bases; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Iron; Models, Biological; Tannins