tannins and Dental-Caries

Arresting Caries Treatment (ACT) has been proposed to manage untreated dental caries in children. This prospective randomized clinical trial investigated the caries-arresting effectiveness of a single spot application of: (1) 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with tannic acid as a reducing agent; (2) 38% SDF alone; (3) 12% SDF alone; and (4) no SDF application in primary teeth of 976 Nepalese schoolchildren. The a priori null hypothesis was that the different treatments have no effect in arresting active cavitated caries. Only the single application of 38% SDF with or without tannic acid was effective in arresting caries after 6 months (4.5 and 4.2 mean number of arrested surfaces; p < 0.001), after 1 year (4.1 and 3.4; p < 0.001), and after 2 years (2.2 and 2.1; p < 0.01). Tannic acid conferred no additional benefit. ACT with 38% SDF provides an alternative when restorative treatment for primary teeth is not an option.

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds; Tannins; Tooth, Deciduous

The exposed dentin of overdenture abutments can lead to caries. Therefore chemical protection is needed to prevent caries. Considering that dentin contains both organic and inorganic components, reinforcement of both components should give reasonable results. Tannin-fluoride preparation strengthens both the organic and inorganic components of teeth.. This study examined whether the tannin-fluoride preparation protects noncoping abutments.. Thirty-one subjects aged 36 to 86 years participated in the clinical trial. A trial autopolymerizing resin containing the preparation or a conventional autopolymerizing resin was applied to the inner surface of the denture base, which was in contact with the abutments. When there were autopolymerizing resin group abutments, there was also at least one preparation group abutment under the overdenture.. The incidence of caries in the preparation and autopolymerizing resin groups were 0% and 0%, respectively, for the first 2 years, 4.5% and 0%, respectively, during the 3- to 4-year period, 13.8% and 75%, respectively, during the 5- to 8-year period, and 10% and 15%, respectively, in total. Gingival crevicular fluid demonstrated a tendency to decrease in both groups over time.. The trial autopolymerizing resin containing the preparation has a long-term caries prevention effect, and helps to maintain gingival health. Without adding clinical steps, abutments can be protected by the tannin-fluoride preparation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Dentin; Denture Design; Denture, Overlay; Female; Fluorides; Gingival Recession; Gingivitis; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Resins, Synthetic; Tannins

In the present in situ/ex vivo study the impact of tannic acid on the erosion-protective properties of the enamel pellicle was tested. Additionally, the antiadherent and antibacterial effects of tannic acid were evaluated.. The pellicle was formed in situ on bovine enamel samples fixed on individual splints worn by 6 subjects. Following 1 min of pellicle formation the volunteers rinsed for 10 min with tannic acid. After further oral exposure for 19 min, 109 min, and 8 h overnight, respectively, slabs were incubated in HCl ex vivo (pH 2.0, 2.3, 3.0) over 120 s. Subsequently, kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically. Samples after a 1-min fluoride mouth rinse as well as enamel samples with and without a 30-min in situ pellicle served as controls. Antiadherent effects were evaluated after a 1-min rinse with tannic acid and oral exposure of the slabs overnight. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) combined with concanavalin A staining and live/dead staining was used for fluorescence microscopic visualization and quantification of adherent bacteria and glucans. Modification of the pellicle's ultrastructure by tannic acid was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).. Tannic acid significantly improved the erosion-protective properties of the pellicle in a pH-dependent manner. Bacterial adherence and glucan formation on enamel were significantly reduced after rinses with tannic acid as investigated by fluorescence microscopy. TEM imaging indicated that rinsing with tannic acid yielded a sustainable modification of the pellicle; it was distinctly more electron dense.. Tannic acid offers an effective and sustainable approach for the prevention of caries and erosion.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Calcium Phosphates; Cattle; Dental Caries; Dental Pellicle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fluorides; Glucans; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mouthwashes; Statistics, Nonparametric; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins; Tooth Erosion

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against polymicrobial (PM) biofilms of a condensed tannin extracted from astringent persimmon (PS-M), which is contained in refreshing beverages commercially available in Japan. Salivary PM biofilms were formed anaerobically on glass coverslips for 24 and 72 h and were treated for 5 min with sterilized deionized water (DW), 0.05 and 0.2 wt% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and 0.5-4.0 wt% PS-M solution. The colony forming units (CFU/mL) were determined and morphological changes of the biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CFUs were lower in all PS-M and CHX groups compared to the DW group. PS-M exerted a dose-dependent effect. PS-M (1.53 × 10(7)) at a dose of 4.0 wt% had the same effect as 0.2 wt% CHX (2.03 × 10(7)), regardless of the culture period. SEM revealed the biofilm structures were considerably destroyed in the 4.0 wt% PS-M and 0.2 wt% CHX. These findings indicate that the antibacterial effects of PS-M, a naturally derived substance, are comparable to those of CHX. PS-M may keep the oral cavity clean and prevent dental caries and periodontal disease related to dental plaque, as well as systemic disease such as aspiration pneumonitis.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Astringents; Beverages; Biofilms; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Diospyros; Food Additives; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Plant Extracts; Proanthocyanidins; Stem Cells; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins

In this study, for the first time, we investigated in vitro inhibitory effects of Drymocallis rupestris extracts and their subfractions obtained with solvents of different polarity (aqueous, 50% ethanolic, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanolic) against bacterial viability and caries virulence factors of Streptococcus spp. strains. The diethyl ether subfraction (PRU2) showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against mutans streptococci, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 0.75-1.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) in the range of 1.5-3 mg/mL. Furthermore, PRU2 inhibited biofilm formation by Streptococci in a dose-dependent manner. It was also found that all five D. rupestris preparations exhibited diverse inhibitory effects on de novo synthesis of water-insoluble and water-soluble α-D-glucans by glucosyltransferases of the mutans group streptococci. The phytochemical profile of investigated samples was determined by spectrophotometric and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-MS³) methods. The high polyphenol (total phenol, phenolic acids, tannins, proantocyanidins, and flavonoids) contents were found which correlated with anticariogenic activity of the analyzed samples. The results demonstrate that D. rupestris extracts and their subfractions could become useful supplements for pharmaceutical products as a new anticariogenic agent in a wide range of oral care products. Further studies are necessary to clarify which phytoconstituents of D. rupestris are responsible for anticaries properties.

Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Cariogenic Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dental Caries; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mass Spectrometry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Rosaceae; Streptococcus; Tannins

Considering that Galla chinensis extract (GCE) solution has a low pH, which might dissolve dental enamel, we investigated the effects of elevation of pH on GCE stability, and on its anti-caries properties.. Stability of GCE solutions, either in H(2)O (pH less than 4.0) or when buffered at pH 5.5, 7.0 and 10.0, was assessed from UV-VIS spectra. Inhibition of enamel demineralization was determined in a pH-cycling set up, comprising treatments with either GCE solutions or negative control buffers and acid and neutral buffer immersions. Demineralization was assessed by calcium in the acetate buffers. To determine antimicrobial properties, polymicrobial biofilms were formed after saliva inoculation on glass surfaces which were treated after 48 h. Treatment output parameters were lactic acid formation and viability, the latter by colony forming unit (CFU) counts.. At pH 7.0 and higher GCE solutions changed colour and absorption spectra in UV-VIS, indicative of chemical changes. Regarding enamel demineralization, significant inhibitions (P<0.05) were found for all GCE treatments when compared with corresponding controls. In polymicrobial biofilms, GCE reduced the acid production, compared with the negative controls (P<0.05). However, this difference was only significant at the lower pH values.. GCE solutions were unstable under neutral and alkaline conditions. pH did not significantly influence the inhibiting effect of GCE on enamel demineralization. However, GCE was not effective on polymicrobial biofilms at alkaline pH (8.5). To avoid enamel damage due to acidic treatment, GCE solutions should be used at about pH 5.5.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biofilms; Cariostatic Agents; Cattle; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Solubility; Drug Stability; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gallic Acid; Hardness; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Rhus; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tannins; Tooth Demineralization

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of herb extracts on caries-related bacteria and glucan of dental plaque in vitro. Bacterial sensitivity tests were done using broth dilution, and the phenol sulphate method was used to assess glucan inhibition. The results showed that tannic acid could inhibit bacterial growth more effectively than other herb extracts. Eugenol showed a 46.87 +/- 12.74 and 36.67 +/- 6.30% inhibitory effect on insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis, respectively. Cnidium, barbaloin, caryophyllin, and piperine had > 40.0% inhibitory effect on soluble glucan synthesis. Both insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis of S. sobrinus were inhibited by eugenol and piperine. Eugenol and piperine were efficacious in inhibiting glucan synthesis making them desirable agents for oral care products.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Eugenol; Glucans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Solubility; Tannins

It was examined, in this study, whether the tannin-fluoride preparation (HY preparation), which might have a caries reductive, plaque inhibiting and astringent action, could reduce the incidence of gingival inflammation around abutment teeth for removable partial dentures. Zinc oxide eugenol cement mixed with HY preparation filled in the cavity prepared in the resin base facing the abutment tooth. Crevicular fluid (Periotron unit: GCF), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PII), probing depth and caries activity around the abutment tooth were measured during 12 months. The following results were obtained: 1. GCF decreased at 1 month later and showed low values at 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. 2. The percentage of low GI value showed an increasing tendency during the experimental period. 3. There was slight variation in PII and probing depth during the experimental period. 4. Caries activity showed a decreasing tendency. These results indicate that the tannin-fluoride preparation reduces not only caries activity but also gingival inflammation around abutment tooth.

Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque Index; Denture, Partial, Removable; Fluorides, Topical; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Periodontal Index; Stomatitis, Denture; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Dental Caries; Denture Bases; Fluorides; Tannins

Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Denture, Overlay; Drug Combinations; Female; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Male; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Denture, Overlay; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Solubility; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Adhesiveness; Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Denture Bases; Denture, Overlay; Fluorides, Topical; Hardness; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Dental Caries; Glucans; Glucosyltransferases; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins

Topics: Adhesiveness; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Nigeria; Oral Hygiene; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins

Teas varying in fluoride and tannin concentration were evaluated in rats for anticariogenic activity. There was a direct correlation between fluoride in tea and the inhibition of sulcal caries in rats, whereas no relationship was observed between tannin and this type of lesion. Teas also had a significant effect on caries progression and imparted a black stain to the teeth.

Topics: Animals; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Streptococcus mutans; Tannins; Tea

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Activity Tests; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Mouthwashes; Strontium; Tannins; Zinc

Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Lining; Dentin; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Tannins

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Denture, Partial, Removable; Fluorides; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Tannins; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Bismuth; Cariostatic Agents; Chelating Agents; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iron; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Cacao; Cariostatic Agents; Charcoal; Cricetinae; Dental Caries; Plant Extracts; Tannins