tannins and Carbon-Tetrachloride-Poisoning

Brown algae are well known as a source of biologically active compounds, especially those having antioxidant activities, such as phlorotannins. In this study we examined the antioxidant activities of crude phlorotannins extracts (CPEs) obtained from Sargassum hemiphyllum (SH) and fractionated according to the molecular weights. When CPEs were administrated at a dose of 30 mg/kg to Kunming mice pre-treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), the levels of oxidative stress indicators in the liver, kidney and brain were significantly reduced in vivo. All the components of various molecular weight fractions of CPEs exhibited greater scavenging capacities in clearing hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion than the positive controls gallic acid, vitamin C and vitamin E. Particularly, the components greater than 30 kD obtained from ethyl acetate phase showed the highest antioxidant capacities. These results indicated that SH is a potential source for extracting phlorotannins, the algal antioxidant compounds.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Brain; Carbon Tetrachloride; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical Fractionation; Gallic Acid; Hydroxyl Radical; Kidney; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Phaeophyceae; Sargassum; Superoxides; Tannins; Vitamin E

The present study emphasizes the effect of unspent tannins on liver, kidney and heart of albino rats. Oral administration of unspent tannins at three different concentrations was made for a period of seven days. Carbon tetrachloride served as positive control. Tissues were removed carefully followed by sacrifice and were subjected to sectioning and H&E staining. Histopathological examination of the sections showed, major tissue damage with the highest concentration of tannins (1500mg/kg body weight) irrespective of their nature and source, followed by moderate damage with the 1000mg/kgbw and zero damage with 500mg/kgbw. However, complete damage was observed with the tissues of positive control group. Lipid peroxidase assay using post-mitochondrial supernatant of liver, kidney and heart showed appreciable levels of malondialdehyde release at higher concentrations of tannins.

Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Female; Heart; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tannins; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Punicalagin and punicalin, isolated from the leaves of Terminalia catappa L., are used to treat dermatitis and hepatitis. Both compounds have strong antioxidative activity. The antihepatotoxic activity of punicalagin and punicalin on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in the rat liver was evaluated. Levels of serum glutamate-oxalate-transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate-trans-aminase were increased by administration of CCl4 and reduced by drug treatment. Histological changes around the liver central vein and oxidation damage induced by CCl4 also benefited from drug treatment. The results show that both punicalagin and punicalin have anti-hepatotoxic activity but that the larger dose of punicalin induced liver damage. Thus even if tannins have strong antioxidant activity at very small doses, treatment with a larger dose will induce cell damage.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Taiwan; Tannins

The antihepatotoxic effects of tannin analogues were examined utilizing carbon tetrachloride- and galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Most tannins showed significant antihepatotoxic effects in these two assay systems. Hydrolyzable tannins generally exhibited an intense enzyme inhibitory action on glutamic-pyruvic transaminase while condensed tannins exerted a much less inhibitory action, although variations were observed depending on structure. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Cells, Cultured; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Galactosamine; Rats; Tannins

Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Antigens; Beryllium; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Common Bile Duct; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Goats; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Liver Diseases; Male; Organ Specificity; Proteinuria; Rabbits; Rats; Tannins; Urethane

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Synergism; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphorus; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Tannins; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Catechols; Ceruloplasmin; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Synergism; Flavonoids; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rutin; Stimulation, Chemical; Tannins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dermatologic Agents; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Succinates; Tannins