tannins and Adenocarcinoma

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and an irreversible lung disorder characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the extracellular matrix. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be one of the possible sources for a substantial increase in the number of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in IPF lungs. Tannic acid (TA), a natural dietary polyphenolic compound has been shown to possess diverse pharmacological effects. However, whether TA can inhibit TGF-β1-mediated EMT in lung epithelial cells remains enigmatic. Both the human adenocarcinomic alveolar epithelial (A549) and normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells were treated with TGF-β1 with or without TA. Results showed that TA addition, markedly inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT as assessed by reduced expression of N-cadherin, type-1-collagen, fibronectin, and vimentin. Furthermore, TA inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation through inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. TGF-β1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Smad (Smad2 and 3), Akt as well as that of mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38) mediators was effectively inhibited by TA. On the other hand, TA reduced the TGF-β1-induced increase in TGF-β receptors expression. Using molecular docking approach, FTIR, HPLC and Western blot analyses, we further identified the direct binding of TA to TGF-β1. Finally, we conclude that TA might directly interact with TGF-β1, thereby repressing TGF-β signaling and subsequent EMT process in lung epithelial cells. Further animal studies are needed to clarify its potential therapeutic benefit in pulmonary fibrosis.

Topics: A549 Cells; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Docking Simulation; Protein Binding; Signal Transduction; Tannins; Time Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

In vitro evidence indicates that Smilax china L. rhizome (SCR) can inhibit cell proliferation. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the effects in vitro of SCR extracts on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Our results showed that A549 cell growth was inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with SCR extracts. Total flavonoids and total tannins from SCR induced A549 apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by our flow cytometry analysis, which was consistent with the alterations in nuclear morphology we observed. In addition, the total apoptotic rate induced by total tannins was higher than the rate induced by total flavonoids at the same dose. Cleaved-caspase-3 protein levels in A549 cells after treatment with total flavonoids or total tannins were increased in a dose-dependent manner, followed by the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, finally triggering to PARP cleavage. Furthermore, total flavonoids and total tannins increased the expression of Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and promoted cytochrome [Formula: see text] release. Moreover, MDM2 and p-MDM2 proteins were decreased, while p53 and p-p53 proteins were increased, both in a dose-dependent manner, after A549 treatment with total flavonoids and total tannins. Finally, cleaved-caspase-3 protein levels in the total flavonoids or total tannins-treated H1299 (p53 null) and p53-knockdown A549 cells were increased. Our results indicated that total flavonoids and total tannins from SCR exerted a remarkable effect in reducing A549 growth through their action on mitochondrial pathway and disruption of MDM2-p53 balance. Hence, our findings demonstrated a potential application of total flavonoids and total tannins from SCR in the treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavonoids; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; Signal Transduction; Smilax; Tannins; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Calcium, phytic acid, polyphenols and fiber are major inhibitors of iron absorption and they could be found in excess in some diets, thereby altering or modifying the iron nutrition status. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium, tannic acid, phytic acid, and pectin over iron uptake, using an in vitro model of epithelial cells (Caco-2 cell line). Caco-2 cells were incubated with iron (10-30 μM) with or without CaCl2 (500 and 1,000 μM) for 24 h. Then, cells were challenged with phytic acid (50-150 μM); pectin (50-150 nM) or tannic acid (100-500 μM) for another 24 h. Finally, (55)Fe (10 μM) uptake was determined. Iron dialyzability was studied using an in vitro digestion method. Iron uptake in cells pre-incubated with 20 and 30 μM Fe was inhibited by CaCl2 (500 μM). Iron uptake decreased in cells cultured with tannic acid (300 μM) and CaCl2 (500-1,000 μM) (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.002). Phytic acid also decreased iron uptake mainly when cells were treated with CaCl2 (1,000 μM) (two-way ANOVA; p < 0.05). Pectin slightly decreased iron uptake (p = NS). Iron dialyzability decreased when iron was mixed with CaCl2 and phytic or tannic acid (T test p < 0.0001, for both) but not when mixed with pectin. Phytic acid combined with calcium is a strong iron uptake inhibitor. Pectin slightly decreased iron uptake with or without calcium. Tannic acid showed an unexpected behavior, inducing an increase on iron uptake, despite its low Fe dialyzability.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Analysis of Variance; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Colonic Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Models, Biological; Pectins; Phytic Acid; Tannins

Currently, natural products have been shown to present interesting biological and pharmacological activities and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. Plants have historically been used in treating cancer and are recognized for their ability to produce secondary metabolites. Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) has medicinal applications to treat a wide range of diseases such as cancer.. The current study was designed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of total extract as well as several fractions from the leaves of J. regia.The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins content of these extracts were also determined to obtain further information on the correlation between the contents of phenolic compounds and antiproliferative effects as well as the leaf developmental stages.. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry methods against human oral cancer, breast adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and butanol-HCl colorimetric methods.. Our present study has shown that chloroform fraction has the lowest IC(50) values (0.36-0.81 mg/mL) and also induces cell cycle arrest (G0\\G1 phase) after a 24 h treatment. The colorimetric methods showed the highest amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the methanol fraction (120.28 ± 2.32, 59.44 ± 0.87, 227.00 ± 4.91 mg/g of dry weight of extract).. The results obtained herein indicate that walnut chloroform fraction may contain effective compounds which can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Flavonoids; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Juglans; Mice; Mouth Neoplasms; NIH 3T3 Cells; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Tannins

Natural compounds such as resveratrol, tannic acid, and quercetin may help to treat cancer. Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug widely used in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of these natural compounds and tamoxifen in colon adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, on telomerase enzyme activity, cell viability, number of cells and DNA fragmentation. In this study to determine telomerase enzyme activity was used PCR-ELISA kit. To determine cell viability and number of cells were used tripan blue stain. DNA fragmentation was determined by DNA ladder isolation kit. Tannic acid was more effective than resveratrol, with respect to reduction in telomerase activity, cell viability and cell count in breast adenocarcinoma. Tannic acid and tamoxifen was more effective than resveratrol and quercetin telomerase activity, cell viability and cell count in colon adenocarcinoma. Flavonoids such as resveratrol, tannic acid and quercetin which was studied on, has benefical effects on cancer therapy. These effects such as decreasing telomerase enzyme activity, cell viability and number of cells and inducing DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) must be studied for assist to develop new therapeutic pathways. There should be much more sudies in order to discover resveratrol, tannic acid and quercetin and other potential medicines.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Analysis of Variance; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Fragmentation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Quercetin; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Tamoxifen; Tannins; Telomerase

In recent times interest has increased in the complementary medicine of cancer patients. Two herbal mixtures were prepared from 17 and 12 plants, respectively. The goal of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxic and cell cycle effects of the aqueous-ethanol extracts (Extract 1 and Extract 2) obtained by maceration of the mixtures. The two extracts investigated exhibited significant antiproliferative activity toward two human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453) and a human cervix carcinoma cell line (HeLa) with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 9.92 to 17.38 microL/mL. The extracts did not exert any significant cytotoxicity toward healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vitro antitumor activities were accompanied by an important apoptotic fraction of all cell lines after treatment with the extracts. The amount of total phenols was similar in both extracts, whereas the concentration of total tannins was significantly higher in Extract 1. Extract 1 was also found to be a stronger free radical scavenger, with an IC(50) value of 13.4 microg/mL. Both extracts contained rosmarinic acid, while ursolic acid was identified in Extract 2.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cinnamates; Depsides; Female; HeLa Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnoliopsida; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rosmarinic Acid; Tannins; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Blechnum orientale Linn. (Blechnaceae) is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various skin diseases, stomach pain, urinary bladder complaints and sterilization of women. The aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activity of five solvent fractions obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of Blechnum orientale Linn.. Five solvent fractions were obtained from the methanol extract of B. orientale through successive partitioning with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Total phenolic content was assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the scavenging activity of DPPH radicals. Cytotoxic activity was tested against four cancer cell lines and a non-malignant cell using MTT assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Standard phytochemical screening tests for saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids were also conducted.. The ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions possessed strong radical scavenging activity (IC50 8.6-13.0 microg/ml) and cytotoxic activity towards human colon cancer cell HT-29 (IC50 27.5-42.8 microg/ml). The three extracts were also effective against all Gram-positive bacteria tested: Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Stapylococcus epidermidis(minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 15.6-250 mug/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration MBC 15.6-250 microg/ml). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed highest total phenolic content (675-804 mg gallic acid equivalent/g).. The results indicate that this fern is a potential candidate to be used as an antioxidant agent, for colon cancer therapy and for treatment of MRSA infections and other MSSA/Gram-positive bacterial infectious diseases.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Colonic Neoplasms; Ferns; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neoplasms; Phenols; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Tannins; Terpenes

Cancer chemopreventive agents are designed to reduce the incidence of tumorigenesis by intervening at one or more stages of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of resveratrol (RES) and tannic acid (TA), which are chemopreventive agents, on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels that are effective for development of cancer in colon and breast cancer cell lines. The CaCo-2 (human colon carcinoma cell line) and MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7; human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells were grown in the laboratory. RES and TA were used to treat CaCo-2 and MCF-7 cells. Nitric Oxide Synthase Assay Kit was used to determine the NOS enzyme activity of CaCo-2 and MCF-7. Statistical differences between control and RES- and TA-treated cells were calculated using the Student's t-test for double comparison. It was observed that NO activity was generally decreased in CaCo-2 and MCF-7 cells, in which RES and TA were applied. Results suggest that the phenolic compounds RES and TA have different effects on NOS enzyme activity of the colon and breast cancer cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemoprevention; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Phenols; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Tannins

To investigate the effects of resveratrol and tannic acid on apoptosis, and Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) and fas associated death domain (FADD) proteins in the CaCo-2 cell line.. In the present study, resveratrol and tannic acid were administrated in the CaCo-2 cell line at doses of 25, 50, and 100 microM. The CaCo-2 cells were grown and cultured in the Medical Biology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in 2007. The effects of these agents on apoptotic index were determined by Apop Taq peroxidase kit and their effects on the ratios of Bak and FADD proteins by the immunohistochemical staining method at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Stained and non-stained cells in 30 separate areas of the 3 separate chamber slides, prepared for each group, were counted. The percentage of apoptosis, and Bak and FADD proteins was calculated with the control. Mean +/- standard error values were calculated for the 3 experiments.. Apoptotic index, Bak protein percentage ratio, and FADD protein percentage ratio values in all groups that received tannic acid and resveratrol increased when compared within the groups. This increase was found to be time and dose independent in all parameters.. Cells undergo apoptosis in 2 pathways (mitochondrial and death receptor) in resveratrol and tannic acid induced CaCo-2 cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; Cell Line, Tumor; Colonic Neoplasms; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; Humans; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Tannins

Eugenia jambos L. (Myrtaceae) is an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory herb of Asian folk medicine. A 70% acetone extract exerted the strongest cytotoxic effects on human leukemia cells (HL-60) from a preliminary screening of 15 plants. The cytotoxic principles were separated by bio-assay-guided fractionation to HL-60 cells; two hydrolyzable tannins (1-O-galloyl castalagin and casuarinin) were isolated from the 70% acetone extract. All significantly inhibited human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and showed less cytotoxicity to human adenocarcinoma cell line SK-HEP-1 and normal cell lines of human lymphocytes and Chang liver cells. Thus, these compounds were exhibited the dose-dependent manner in HL-60 cells and the IC(50) were 10.8 and 12.5 microM, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the presence of apoptotic cells with low DNA content, a decrease of cell population at G(2)/M phase, and a concomitant increase of cell population at G(1) phase. The apoptosis induced by these two compounds was also demonstrated by DNA fragmentation assay and microscopic observation. These results suggest that the cytotoxic mechanism of both antitumor principle constituents might be the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Hydrolysis; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Tannins; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Animals; Dust; Ethmoid Sinus; Female; Humans; Male; Nose Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Risk; Tannins; Wood

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Microscopy, Electron; Molybdenum; Phosphorus; Rectal Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Tannins; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Duodenal Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Tannins; Trees