tannins and Acute-Disease

To determine the effectiveness and safety of gelatin tannate (GT) for reducing the duration of the acute diarrhoea and gastroenteritis (ADG) in children.. Systematic review and meta-analysis.. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS and grey literature, published from inception to October 2018. No language restrictions.. Randomised controlled trials in children with ADG, comparing GT with placebo.. Of 797 titles identified, we included three studies (276 children). We performed a random effects model meta-analysis for the main outcome (diarrhoea duration). We did not find significant differences between GT and placebo for diarrhoea duration (mean difference (MD)=-15.85 hours; 95% CI -42.24 to 14.82, I. The effect of GT was no different to placebo for mean diarrhoea duration (low certainty on the evidence) and stool frequency at day 2 (high certainty) and for the presence of diarrhoea at day 3 (very low certainty) of vomiting (moderate certainty) and of adverse events (low certainty).. CRD42018087902.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Gelatin; Humans; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

To investigate by meta-analysis the efficacy of gelatin tannate (GT), a mucosal barrier protector, in children with acute gastroenteritis.. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Studies were selected according to PICO: Participants: children aged 0-12 years with acute diarrhea; Intervention: GT; Comparison: oral rehydration solution and/or placebo; Outcomes: diarrhea-related outcomes.. Three published randomized controlled trials were identified of pediatric diarrhea treated with GT (n = 203) or control (n = 204). GT significantly (p < 0.01) reduced stool frequency at 12 h in two randomized controlled trials. A significant treatment effect (risk ratio = 0.74; p < 0.01) in favor of GT was found for the exploratory composite outcome of 'diarrhea or liquid stools at 24 h' in three studies. Risk ratios in a single study which reported the percentage of patients with liquid stools at 12, 24 and 48 h favored GT at all time points. No significant differences were found between GT and control for patients with diarrhea at 12 or 24 h or for duration of diarrhea.. GT improved stool frequency and stool consistency in children with acute diarrhea, although further well-controlled studies would be useful to confirm a beneficial treatment effect.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Gelatin; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Antidiarrheals; Antiemetics; Astringents; Bismuth; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Humans; Middle Aged; Parasympatholytics; Tannins

To assess the efficacy of gelatine tannate (a complex of tannic acid with astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, and a protective gelatine) for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children.. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Intention-to-treat analysis.. Two paediatric hospitals in Warsaw.. Children younger than 5 years of age with AGE, defined as a change in stool consistency to a loose or liquid form (according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale or Amsterdam Stool Form Scale) and/or an increase in the frequency of evacuations (≥3 in 24 hours), lasting for no longer than 5 days.. Seventy-two children were assigned to receive gelatine tannate (n=36) or placebo (n=36) in addition to standard rehydration therapy. The gelatine tannate was administered at an age-dependent dose (250-500 mg), and both study products were taken four times per day for 5 days.. The main outcome measure was duration of diarrhoea. Secondary outcomes included the need for intravenous rehydration, need for hospitalisation of outpatients, number of watery stools per day, vomiting, weight gain, adverse events, recurrence of diarrhoea, severity of diarrhoea according to the Vesikari Scale and use of concomitant medications.. Sixty-four children (89%) completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. The duration of diarrhoea after randomisation was similar in the gelatine tannate and placebo groups (75.6±27.8 vs 75.5±29.0 hours, respectively, mean difference 0.1 hours, 95% CI -14.1 to 14.3 hours). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of watery stools per day throughout the study period. There were also no differences in any other secondary outcome measures between groups.. In children with AGE younger than 5 years of age, gelatine tannate was ineffective as an adjunct to rehydration therapy.. NCT02280759.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child, Preschool; Defecation; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Fluid Therapy; Gastroenteritis; Gelatin; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Probiotics; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

AG is the most common cause of pediatric consultations among children between 2 and 5 years of age and it still leads to high mortality and morbidity. Its management is based on rehydration therapy, but this treatment is not effective in reducing duration of diarrhea. For this reason, other safer and less expensive interventions, which could be added to oral rehydration therapy, are of great interest.. A pilot, randomized, case-controlled trial was conducted in 60 children affected by AG (< 7 days) with mild-moderate dehydration, according to WHO recommendations, from1 year to 17 years old. Patients were divided into 2 Groups: Group 1 consisting of 30 children treated with Actitan F and standard oral rehydration (SOR); Group 2 consisting of 30 children who received only SOR. Both groups received treatment for seven days, respectively. Patients of Group 1 stopped for their own choice, SOR after the first 24 h and continued only with Actitan F.. After 24 h of treatment, the median number of stools was 3.5 for Group 1, and 4 for Group 2. In Group 1 the difference between the number of stools at baseline (n = 5) and after 24 h of treatment (n = 3.5) was significant (p < 0.0001). At the end of treatment, the median duration of diarrhea in Group 1 was 5 days, compared with 4 days in the Group 2, this difference was not statically significant (p 0.48).. Oral administration of Actitan F associated with SOR seems safe and effective treatment in shortening the duration of AG in children. Further studies confirming these data are needed.. NCT03356327 (retrospectively registered).

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Antidiarrheals; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Female; Flavonoids; Fluid Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Pilot Projects; Risk Assessment; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie sollte der Einfluss des Weichteilschadens auf das klinische Ergebnis nach offener Ellenbogenluxation untersucht werden.. Von Oktober 2008 bis August 2015 wurden insgesamt 230 Patienten mit Ellenbogenluxation behandelt. Diese retrospektive Studie umfasst 21 Fälle von offenen Ellenbogenluxationen. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 49 Jahre alt (20–83 Jahre), 6 Patienten waren weiblich (29%), 15 männlich (71%). Das Bewegungsausmaß des verletzten und unverletzten Ellenbogens wurde erhoben und das funktionelle Ergebnis u. a. mittels Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) und dem Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score erfasst. Zusätzlich wurden Komplikationen und Revisionsoperationen aufgezeichnet. Der Einfluss des Weichteilschadens (I°/II° offen vs. III° offen) und des Luxationstyps (einfach vs. komplex) auf das klinische Ergebnis wurde analysiert.. Offene Ellenbogenluxationen können mit einem zufriedenstellenden klinischen Ergebnis einhergehen. Insbesondere komplexe offene Ellenbogenluxationen sind jedoch sehr komplikationsbehaftet, wobei neurovaskuläre Komplikationen am häufigsten auftreten.. The current high rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infections among hospitalised patients with cUTIs in the studied area is alarming. Our predictive model could be useful to avoid inappropriate antibiotic treatment and implement antibiotic stewardship policies that enhance the use of carbapenem-sparing regimens in patients at low risk of multidrug-resistance.. The results indicated differential patterns of Inhibition of Return between the High and Low shape/weight based self-worth groups. The High group displayed increased inhibition of return for the shape/weight stimuli relative to control stimuli, while the Low group displayed reduced inhibition of return for the shape/weight stimuli compared to control stimuli. The ED group displayed a similar pattern of results to the High group, but this did not reach significance.. The current findings indicate that young women without an eating disorder who base their self-worth on shape/weight display a pattern of avoidance of shape/weight stimuli that is in direct contrast to those at low risk of developing eating disorders. The possible implications of these specific patterns of inhibition of return across those at varying levels of risk for an eating disorder are discussed along with their implications for intervention approaches.. These results indicated that Sr. An unusually high HbA

Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Acute Disease; Adalimumab; Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adipose Tissue; Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollution, Indoor; Aldehyde Oxidase; Alginates; Alloys; alpha-Globins; Aluminum Hydroxide; Alveolar Bone Loss; Anaerobiosis; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Anovulation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; Biocompatible Materials; Biofilms; Biological Availability; Biological Transport; Biosensing Techniques; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Regeneration; Boranes; Brachial Artery; Butyric Acid; Candida albicans; Carbon; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Respiration; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Charcoal; Child; Child Health; China; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromium; Chronic Disease; Chronic Periodontitis; Circular Dichroism; Cities; Cohort Studies; Comamonadaceae; Comorbidity; Coronary Artery Disease; Corrosion; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Cross Infection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crowding; Culture Media; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diarylheptanoids; Diclofenac; Disability Evaluation; Diterpene Alkaloids; DNA; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Endothelium, Vascular; Enterococcus faecalis; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; Epithelial Cells; Erbium; Erythropoietin; Ethanol; Ethylenediamines; Fast Foods; Fatty Acids; Female; Fermentation; Ferric Compounds; Fibroblasts; Flavobacteriaceae; Fluorides; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Food Microbiology; Formaldehyde; Furaldehyde; Gamma Cameras; Gene Expression; Geologic Sediments; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycolipids; Glycosylation; Gracilaria; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Guanine; Health Surveys; HeLa Cells; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Hexosamines; High Fructose Corn Syrup; High-Intensity Interval Training; Hip Fractures; Hippocampus; HLA-B27 Antigen; Hospitalization; Housing; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Hydroxides; Hypercapnia; Hypertension; Hypocreales; Hypromellose Derivatives; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Incidence; Indole Alkaloids; Indonesia; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Insulin Resistance; Intercalating Agents; Ion Transport; Ionophores; Japan; Kinetics; Kluyveromyces; Letrozole; Linear Models; Lipopolysaccharides; Liposomes; Liver; Lung Diseases; Magnesium Hydroxide; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Muscle; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutant Proteins; Mutation; Mutation, Missense; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Obesity; Occupational Exposure; Oceans and Seas; Odds Ratio; Organometallic Compounds; Osteogenesis; Ovulation Induction; Oxidation-Reduction; Particle Size; Periodontal Ligament; Permeability; Phaseolus; Phenotype; Philippines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Photochemical Processes; Phylogeny; Pichia; Pigmentation; Plant Extracts; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Polysaccharides; Postprandial Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prevalence; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Progesterone; Progestins; Protein Engineering; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Psoriasis; Public Facilities; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Recombinant Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Rhodobacteraceae; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salinity; Saliva; Seawater; Seaweed; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sex Factors; Silver Compounds; Smokers; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil Microbiology; Solubility; Soy Foods; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Staphylococcus aureus; Static Electricity; Steroids; Strontium; Sucrose; Surface Properties; Survival Rate; Sweden; Swine; Synapses; Synchrotrons; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tannins; Tea; Temperature; Terpenes; Thalidomide; Thermodynamics; Thiadiazoles; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toilet Facilities; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Urinary Tract Infections; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Venezuela; Vitamin K 2; Waist Circumference; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Whole Body Imaging; X-Ray Diffraction; Young Adult; Ytterbium; Yttrium; Yttrium Radioisotopes; Zinc Compounds

BACKGROUND Acute diarrhea is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children aged ≤3 years. Some drugs (e.g., the mucoprotector gelatin tannate) plus a reduced osmolality oral rehydration solution (ORS) may effectively reduce symptom duration and severity. The current trial was therefore designed to assess the efficacy and safety of gelatin tannate in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, single-center study comparing gelatin tannate plus ORS (103 patients) with ORS plus placebo (100 patients) in children aged 3 months to 12 years with infectious or noninfectious acute diarrhea. Details about stool consistency and total time to resolution of diarrhea comprised the primary study endpoints. Secondary study endpoints included symptoms of diarrhea at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after the first dose of study medication. RESULTS From 12 hours onwards, the incidence of watery stools was significantly lower in the gelatin tannate group than in the ORS group (at 12 hours: 59.2% vs. 77.0%; p=0.01). The same was true for stool frequency (at 12 hours: mean 2 vs. 3 stool productions in the previous 12 hours; p<0.01). At all timepoints during the study, the proportion of patients with Stool Decrease Index improvement was significantly greater (p<0.01) in the gelatin tannate group than in the placebo group (at 12 hours: 66.6% vs. 33.3%; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Gelatin tannate plus ORS is an effective and safe option for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Significant symptom relief is evident 12 hours after starting treatment.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Fluid Therapy; Gelatin; Humans; Infant; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Gelatin tannate (GT) is a nonabsorbable antidiarrheal agent investigated in few clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GT on children with acute gastroenteritis. This randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, prospective study involved children aged from six months to 10 years with acute diarrhea. The study group received GT and the control group placebo for five days. Stool frequency and numbers of patients with diarrhea in each group were compared at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Duration of diarrhea and weight changes after 120 hours was recorded. Mean stool frequency was lower in the study group at 0-12 hours (3±1.8 vs. 3.6±1.9, p=0.04). The study group exhibited more weight gain after 120 hours of treatment and shorter total duration of diarrhea, although the difference was not statistically significant. Fewer patients in the study group had diarrhea at the end of 12, 24, 96, and 120 hours. Patients treated with GT with Bristol scores of 7 at admission exhibited more weight gain than patients with Bristol scores of 6 (296±38 vs. 137±39, p=0.04). GT resulted in a decreased stool frequency at 12 hours in children with acute diarrhea. It shortened total duration of diarrhea and resulted in more weight gain compared to placebo. It also had a greater effect on weight gain in the presence of watery, rather than mushy stool.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gastroenteritis; Gelatin; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Oral rehydration therapy is the recommended treatment for acute childhood gastroenteritis. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of gelatin tannate plus oral rehydration compared with oral rehydration alone.. We conducted a multicenter, parallel, randomized, controlled, single-blind, prospective, open-label trial. A central randomization center used computer generated tables to allocate treatments. The study was performed in two medical centers in Italy. Sixty patients 3-72 months of age with acute gastroenteritis were recruited (median age 18 months; age range 3-66 months): 29 received an oral rehydration solution (ORS) and 31 an ORS plus gelatin tannate (ORS + G). The primary outcome was the number of bowel movements 48 and 72 h after initiating treatment. Secondary outcomes were: duration of diarrhea, stool characteristics and adverse events.. No patient was lost at follow-up. No significant difference in the number of bowel movements after 48 h was reported (2.7 ± 1.3 ORS + G; 3.2 ± 0.8 ORS; p = 0.06), although the ORS + G group showed a significant improvement in stool consistency (3.7 ± 1.0 vs. 4.3 ± 0.8; p = 0.005). At 72 h, a significant reduction in bowel movements was reported in the ORS + G group compared with the ORS group (1.0 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.7; p = 0.01). Mean duration of diarrhea was significantly lower in the ORS + G group than in the ORS only group (76.8 ± 19.2 vs. 108 ± 24.0 h; p < 0.0001). No adverse events were reported.. Gelatin tannate added to oral rehydration in children with acute diarrhea was associated with a significant decrease in bowel movements at 72 h, with an early improvement in the stool consistency and shorter disease duration.. NCT02644200-Gelatin Tannate as Treatment for Acute Childhood Gastroenteritis ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ).

Topics: Acute Disease; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Female; Fluid Therapy; Gastroenteritis; Gelatin; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Worldwide, acute gastroenteritis in children, usually caused by viruses, leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. The treatment is aimed at preventing and treating dehydration, promoting weight gain after rehydration, and reducing the duration and severity of diarrhoea. Effective and inexpensive interventions that could add to the effect of oral rehydration therapy are of interest. Recently, in many European countries, gelatine tannate is being widely marketed for treating acute gastroenteritis. Gelatine tannate is a complex of tannic acid, which possesses astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, and a protective gelatine. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of gelatine tannate for treating acute gastroenteritis in children and only scant evidence to support the use of gelatine tannate in adults. We aim to assess the efficacy of gelatine tannate for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children.. This will be a blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Children younger than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis defined as a change in stool consistency to loose or liquid form (according to the Bristol Stool Form scale or Amsterdam Stool Form scale) and/or an increase in the frequency of evacuations (typically ≥ 3 in 24 h), lasting for no longer than 5 days, will be recruited. A total of 72 children will be randomised to receive either gelatine tannate (children younger than 3 years of age will receive 250 mg, 4 times/day, and those older than 3 years of age will receive 500 mg, 4 times/day) or matching placebo for 5 days. The primary outcome measure is the duration of diarrhoea.. The Bioethics Committee approved the study protocol. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed paediatric journal. Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.. NCT02280759; Pre-results.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child, Preschool; Europe; Gastroenteritis; Gelatin; Humans; Research Design; Single-Blind Method; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Infants aged 3-21 months with acute diarrhea of bacterial and viral origin were treated as inpatients with oral rehydration fluid and randomly received for up to 6 days either a tannin-rich carob pod powder (40% tannins or 21.2% polyphenols and 26.4% dietary fiber), 1.5 g/kg/day (n = 21) to a maximum of 15 g, or an equivalent placebo (n = 20). The duration of the diarrhea from admission was 2.0 +/- 0.27 days in the test group and 3.75 +/- 0.30 days in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). Normalized defecation, body temperature, and weight and cessation of vomiting were reached more quickly by the patients who received the test substance. The test substance was well accepted and tolerated.

Topics: Acute Disease; Diarrhea, Infantile; Fluid Therapy; Galactans; Humans; Infant; Mannans; Plant Gums; Polysaccharides; Tannins

Topics: Acute Disease; Barium Sulfate; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Contrast Media; Enema; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Radiography; Tannins

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of gelatin tannate (GT) for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children.. In this retrospective, observational study, children admitted for AGE received GT ± oral rehydration solution (ORS; n = 46) or other antidiarrheal medications ± ORS (n = 46). Number and consistency of stools were recorded.. Children were aged 6 months to 7.9 years. GT ± ORS reduced diarrhea duration (29.0 vs 45.4 h, p < 0.0001) and normalized stool consistency at 72 h in significantly more patients (87.0 vs 30.4%; p = 0.026) compared with other antidiarrheal medications ± ORS. Differences in favor of GT were apparent from 12 h onward.. GT is more effective than conventional treatment for managing AGE in children.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Female; Gastroenteritis; Gelatin; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies; Romania; Tannins; Treatment Outcome

Acute diarrhea is a very common symptom, which may recognize different causes and is basically the expression of an altered homeostasis of the bowel, which overcame current classifications. When approaching patients with acute diarrhea, we should firstly check body temperature and vital parameters and secondly provide a general medical examination mainly focused on the abdomen, in order to exclude surgical causes of diarrhea, such as acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, intestinal occlusion and others. Another important aspect is the assessment of the level of hydration in order to provide the right amount of fluids. There is no current indication for the administration of loperamide in infectious diarrhea, but there is a strong rationale for new class of drugs, which may be defined as "mucous regenerators", such as gelatin tannate. Further studies are needed on this matter in order to test the effect of gelatin tannate in adult patients with acute diarrhea.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Diarrhea; Gelatin; Humans; Tannins

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Diarrhea; Gelatin; Humans; Tannins

Clinically, hemorrhoidal bleeding and prolapse disappeared immediately after injection of the sclerosing agent OC-108 into submucosa of hemorrhoids. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action responsible for the immediate hemostatic effect of OC-108 using anesthetized rats. Subcutaneous injection of OC-108 in rats decreased blood flow at the injection site within 5 min. Aluminum potassium sulfate, one of the main ingredients of OC-108, reduced the skin blood flow. However, tannic acid, another main ingredient, did not. By perfusion of OC-108 on the mesenteric surface, microcirculatory blood flow was arrested without remarkable change in blood vessel diameter, accompanied by increased vascular permeability and venous hematocrit. These results indicate that OC-108 induces regional blood flow arrest with rapid onset, this effect being attributed to the action of aluminum potassium sulfate, and that hemoconcentration due to increased vascular permeability (plasma extravasation), an acute inflammatory reaction, is involved in the mechanisms of the immediate hemostatic action of OC-108.

Topics: Acute Disease; Alum Compounds; Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Capillary Permeability; Hematocrit; Hemorrhoids; Hemostatics; Inflammation; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Veins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Splanchnic Circulation; Tannins

Poly(ADP-ribose) is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). The activation of the PARP/PARG pathway has been found in a variety of animal models of diseases, including septic shock-like syndrome. We have previously demonstrated that PARP inhibition by 3-ami-nobenzamide or GPI 6150 ameliorates multiple organ dysfunctions induced by zymosan. In the present study, we investigated whether similar effect could be achieved through PARG inhibition to break the cycle of poly(ADP-ribose) turnaround.. Experimental study.. University laboratory.. Male CD mice (20-22 g).. We tested the effects of GPI 18214 (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally bolus), a novel and potent PARG inhibitor, at 1 and 6 hr after zymosan (500 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally as a suspension in saline) on the development of septic shock-like syndrome in mice. Organ failure and systemic inflammation in mice were assessed 18 hrs after administration of zymosan and/or GPI 18214 and monitored for 12 days (for loss of body weight and mortality).. At 18 hrs after zymosan administration, we found a significant increase of peritoneal exudates, leukocyte infiltration in peritoneal cavity as well as an infiltration of neutrophils in lung and ileum tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, and increased production of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta. Furthermore, zymosan administration induced significant liver, lung, pancreas, intestine, and kidney dysfunction as well as a systemic toxicity and significant loss of body weight. At the end of observation period (12 days), 90% of zymosan-treated mice were dead. GPI 18214 (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 1 and 6 hrs after zymosan) treatment significantly reduced peritoneal exudates, inflammatory cell infiltration, and organ injury and mortality rate in zymosan-treated mice.. This study supports early studies that show efficacy from blocking the poly(ADP-ribose) pathway in septic shock-like syndrome model. It provides evidence that GPI 18214, a PARG inhibitor, attenuates the degree of zymosan-induced nonseptic shock in mice, suggesting that PARG may be an alternative therapeutic target for shock treatment.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amides; Animals; Glycoside Hydrolases; Interleukin-1; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Multiple Organ Failure; Peritonitis; Peroxidase; Shock, Septic; Tannins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zymosan

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Antitubercular Agents; Azathioprine; Blood Transfusion; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Female; Halothane; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Humans; Infant; Leukocytosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Penicillins; Prothrombin Time; Sulfonamides; Tannins

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Alopecia; Animals; Antidotes; Asthenia; Colchicine; Coma; Diarrhea; Diuresis; Endometrium; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Fallopian Tubes; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Leukocytosis; Mice; Mitosis; Myelin Sheath; Neuromuscular Junction; Polyneuropathies; Rats; Seizures; Tannins; Vitamin B Complex; Vomiting

Topics: Acute Disease; Antigens; Antistreptolysin; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Preservation; Erythrocytes; Formaldehyde; Glomerulonephritis; Hemagglutination; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Rheumatic Fever; Scarlet Fever; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptodornase and Streptokinase; Tannins; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acetates; Acute Disease; Agar; Animals; Bile; Calcium Chloride; Carrageenan; Chlorides; Copper; Croton Oil; Ethanol; Female; Formaldehyde; Glucose; Histamine; Indium; Lead; Manganese; Mercury; Necrosis; Papain; Phosphates; Polymyxins; Polysaccharides; Rats; Skin Diseases; Tannins; Trypsin; Zinc