tannins and Acne-Vulgaris

Topics: 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase; Down-Regulation; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Medicine, Traditional; Nitric Oxide; omega-N-Methylarginine; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Quercus; Tannins

Acne is a common skin condition with sebum overproduction, hyperkeratosis,

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprostone; Ear; Edema; Female; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Keratinocytes; Lipase; Lythraceae; Macrophages; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Rats, Wistar; Staphylococcus aureus; Tannins

The ethanol extracts of mangosteen fruit rinds prepared by several extraction methods were examined for their contents of bioactive compounds, DPPH-scavenging activity, and anti-acne producing bacteria against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The dried powder of the fruit rind was extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and extraction using a magnetic stirrer. Soxhlet extraction promoted the maximum contents of crude extract (26.60% dry weight) and alpha-mangostin (13.51%, w/w of crude extract), and also gave the highest anti-acne activity with MIC 7.81 and 15.63 microg/mL and MBC 15.53 and 31.25 microg/mL against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, respectively. Ethanol 70% and 50% (v/v) were also compared in Soxhlet extraction. Ethanol 50% promoted the extract with maximum amounts of total phenolic compounds (26.96 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g extract) and total tannins (46.83 g tannic acid equivalents/100 g extract), and also exhibited the most effective DPPH-scavenging activity (EC(50) 12.84 microg/mL). Considering various factors involved in the process, Soxhlet extraction carried a low cost in terms of reagents and extraction time. It appears to be the recommended extraction method for mangosteen fruit rind. Ethanol 50% should be the appropriate solvent for extracting free radical-scavenging components, phenolic compounds, and tannins, while 95% ethanol is recommended for extraction of alpha-mangostin, a major anti-acne component from this plant.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Garcinia mangostana; Medicine, Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Solvents; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tannins; Xanthones

Contents of bioactive components, free radical scavenging and anti-acne producing bacteria activities of young and mature fruit rind extracts of mangosteen were compared. The young fruit rind extract contained significantly higher contents of phenolics and tannins and promoted higher free radical scavenging activity than the mature fruit rind extract, while the later extract contained higher contents of flavonoids and alpha-mangostin xanthone and gave higher anti-acne producing bacteria activity than the young fruit rind extract. Thus, the young and mature stages of mangosteen fruit rind should be beneficial for further development of antioxidant and anti-acne pharmaceutical preparations, respectively.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Garcinia mangostana; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Tannins; Xanthones

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Cacao; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Lipids; Tannins; Xanthines

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Ethanol; Humans; Necrosis; Tannins