tacrine and Acute Confusional Senile Dementia studies

Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We evaluated cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau and beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42), in relation to apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) treated with rivastigmine (n=11) and tacrine (n=16) for 1 year; and two untreated AD groups."	9.10	Cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid-beta-amyloid1-42 (CSF-Abeta42), tau and apolipoprotein E genotype in long-term rivastigmine and tacrine treated Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. ( Almkvist, O; Blennow, K; Hellström-Lindahl, E; Nordberg, A; Stefanova, E, 2003)
"To determine whether pupillary responses to dilute tropicamide could be used as a diagnostic test for Alzheimer disease (AD)."	9.08	Pupillary response to tropicamide in patients with Alzheimer disease. ( Edelhauser, HF; Geis, TC; Green, RC; Loupe, DN; Lynn, MJ; Newman, NJ; WIlliams, KK, 1996)
"To examine the effects of tacrine hydrochloride in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and detectable baseline deficits in discrete cognitive and noncognitive parameters who are enrolled in a previously reported multicenter, double-blind, 30-week trial."	9.08	Effect of tacrine on language, praxis, and noncognitive behavioral problems in Alzheimer disease. ( Auster, SB; Beitler, PJ; Raskind, MA; Sadowsky, CH; Sigmund, WR, 1997)
"To determine the effects of cholinesterase inhibition with tacrine hydrochloride for the symptoms of Alzheimer disease in terms of cognitive performance, clinical global impression, behavior, and functional autonomy."	8.80	Cholinesterase inhibition for Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis of the tacrine trials. Dementia Trialists' Collaboration. ( Farlow, M; Higgins, J; Qizilbash, N; Schneider, L; Whitehead, A; Wilcock, G, 1998)
"In in vitro experiments, amiridine in concentration of 100, 200, and 300 microM restored disturbed structure of microtubules assembled from tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins isolated from the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease."	7.74	Effect of tacrine, amiridine, akatinol memantine, and triazolam on phosphorylation, structure, and assembly of microtubules from brain microtubular proteins in Alzheimer diseases. ( Burbaeva, GSh; Shevtsov, PN; Shevtsova, EF, 2008)
"The goal of this study was to investigate whether donepezil treatment is associated with reduced mortality in nursing home residents who have dementia."	7.73	Is donepezil therapy associated with reduced mortality in nursing home residents with dementia? ( Gasper, MC; Lapane, KL; Ott, BR, 2005)
"To investigate the extent to which treatment with tacrine is associated with a reduction in mortality in nursing home residents with dementia."	7.71	Tacrine therapy is associated with reduced mortality in nursing home residents with dementia. ( Lapane, KL; Ott, BR, 2002)
"In a cost-analysis model, the effect on the costs of Alzheimer disease of tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine) treatment was studied."	7.69	Treatment of Alzheimer disease with tacrine: a cost-analysis model. ( Karlsson, G; Nordberg, A; Wimo, A; Winblad, B, 1997)
"In this retrospective analysis of 443 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients from a 30-week tacrine trial, change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale score from baseline to final value was significantly associated with a total serum cholesterol/APOE genotype interaction."	5.11	Cholesterol and APOE genotype interact to influence Alzheimer disease progression. ( Evans, RM; Farlow, MR; Hui, S; Lahiri, DK; Perkins, A; Poirier, J, 2004)
"We evaluated cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau and beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42), in relation to apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) treated with rivastigmine (n=11) and tacrine (n=16) for 1 year; and two untreated AD groups."	5.10	Cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid-beta-amyloid1-42 (CSF-Abeta42), tau and apolipoprotein E genotype in long-term rivastigmine and tacrine treated Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. ( Almkvist, O; Blennow, K; Hellström-Lindahl, E; Nordberg, A; Stefanova, E, 2003)
"To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of an investigational cholinesterase inhibitor, that is, velnacrine maleate, in treating patients with clinically probable Alzheimer's disease (according to the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Washington, DC]-Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association [Chicago, Ill])."	5.08	Effectiveness and safety of velnacrine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mentane Study Group. ( Antuono, PG, 1995)
"To determine whether pupillary responses to dilute tropicamide could be used as a diagnostic test for Alzheimer disease (AD)."	5.08	Pupillary response to tropicamide in patients with Alzheimer disease. ( Edelhauser, HF; Geis, TC; Green, RC; Loupe, DN; Lynn, MJ; Newman, NJ; WIlliams, KK, 1996)
"To examine the effects of tacrine hydrochloride in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and detectable baseline deficits in discrete cognitive and noncognitive parameters who are enrolled in a previously reported multicenter, double-blind, 30-week trial."	5.08	Effect of tacrine on language, praxis, and noncognitive behavioral problems in Alzheimer disease. ( Auster, SB; Beitler, PJ; Raskind, MA; Sadowsky, CH; Sigmund, WR, 1997)
"Tacrine has been studied in two clinical trials of identical design in patients with probable Alzheimer disease."	5.07	Results and validation of a population pharmacodynamic model for cognitive effects in Alzheimer patients treated with tacrine. ( Holford, NH; Peace, KE, 1992)
"Tacrine was the first drug to display beneficial effects on cognitive impairment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients."	4.95	Recent Developments on Multi-Target-Directed Tacrines for Alzheimer's Disease. I. The Pyranotacrines. ( Marco-Contelles, J; Romero, A, 2017)
"The safety of tacrine (Cognex), a centrally active, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved in 1993 for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type, was evaluated in 2,706 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) in clinical trials and in 9861 patients with AD in a treatment investigational new drug (TIND) program."	4.80	Safety of tacrine: clinical trials, treatment IND, and postmarketing experience. ( Berghoff, WG; DeJong, R; Dombey, SL; Gracon, SI; Knapp, MJ; Kraemer, D; Lobbestael, SJ; Luscombe, FA; Pierce, M; Symons, J, 1998)
"To determine the effects of cholinesterase inhibition with tacrine hydrochloride for the symptoms of Alzheimer disease in terms of cognitive performance, clinical global impression, behavior, and functional autonomy."	4.80	Cholinesterase inhibition for Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis of the tacrine trials. Dementia Trialists' Collaboration. ( Farlow, M; Higgins, J; Qizilbash, N; Schneider, L; Whitehead, A; Wilcock, G, 1998)
"Tacrine was the first acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer disease."	3.78	Tacrine is implicated in oxidative stress in the laboratory guinea pig model. ( Bandouchova, H; Kracmarova, A; Pikula, J; Pohanka, M, 2012)
"Therapeutic trials activity in Alzheimer's disease increased during the past year, with both the initiation of new and the continuation of ongoing symptomatic treatment studies designed to demonstrate enhancement of cognitive abilities."	3.78	Therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease. ( Voci, J; Whitehouse, PJ, 1995)
"The pharmacological treatment of dementia is particularly difficult because of the uncertainty of the diagnosis and of the underlying pathogenetic processes, and because of the variable severity of the syndrome."	3.77	Clinical trials in cognitive impairment in the elderly. ( Boller, F; Forette, F; Panisset, M, 1992)
"A definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be made only at autopsy."	3.77	Alternatives in the treatment of memory loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ( Volger, BW, 1991)
"In in vitro experiments, amiridine in concentration of 100, 200, and 300 microM restored disturbed structure of microtubules assembled from tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins isolated from the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease."	3.74	Effect of tacrine, amiridine, akatinol memantine, and triazolam on phosphorylation, structure, and assembly of microtubules from brain microtubular proteins in Alzheimer diseases. ( Burbaeva, GSh; Shevtsov, PN; Shevtsova, EF, 2008)
"The goal of this study was to investigate whether donepezil treatment is associated with reduced mortality in nursing home residents who have dementia."	3.73	Is donepezil therapy associated with reduced mortality in nursing home residents with dementia? ( Gasper, MC; Lapane, KL; Ott, BR, 2005)
" Galantamine is a novel treatment for Alzheimer disease with a dual mode of action."	3.71	Maintaining functional and behavioral abilities in Alzheimer disease. ( Winblad, B, 2001)
"To investigate the extent to which treatment with tacrine is associated with a reduction in mortality in nursing home residents with dementia."	3.71	Tacrine therapy is associated with reduced mortality in nursing home residents with dementia. ( Lapane, KL; Ott, BR, 2002)
"The effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase, scopolamine-induced amnesia and spontaneous movement were examined and compared with those of the well-known cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine and E-2020."	3.69	Effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase and scopolamine-induced amnesia. ( Kojima, J; Nakajima, K; Nakayama, K; Ochiai, M, 1997)
" This article reviews basic approaches in pharmacoeconomics; current knowledge of costs related to dementia; assessment of quality of life in patients with cognitive impairment; models of relationships among degree of cognitive impairment, caregiver burden, and health care utilization; existing pharmacoeconomic guidelines for drug studies; pharmacoeconomic studies of tacrine, a drug used in Alzheimer disease; and further work needed to advance the critical area of pharmacoeconomic studies in dementia."	3.69	Pharmacoeconomics of dementia. ( Whitehouse, PJ, 1997)
"In a cost-analysis model, the effect on the costs of Alzheimer disease of tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine) treatment was studied."	3.69	Treatment of Alzheimer disease with tacrine: a cost-analysis model. ( Karlsson, G; Nordberg, A; Wimo, A; Winblad, B, 1997)
"The model of amnestic syndrome obtained by treatment with scopolamine during 20 days in rats was used to study anti-amnesic activity of amiridin in comparison with that of tacrine, physostigmine and piracetam."	3.68	[Study of anti-amnesic activity of amiridin in a model of amnesic syndrome]. ( Burov, IuV; Kadysheva, LV; Robakidze, TN; Shaposhnikova, GI; Voronin, AE, 1991)
"Tacrine (THA) was the first clinically approved cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, which was withdrawn due to high hepatotoxicity."	3.01	Tacrine-Based Hybrids: Past, Present, and Future. ( Beloglazkina, E; Bubley, A; Erofeev, A; Gorelkin, P; Krasnovskaya, O; Majouga, A, 2023)
"Tacrine is a drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as a cognitive enhancer and inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE)."	2.82	Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Neurotherapeutic Potential. ( Chandran, D; Das, R; Emran, TB; Hossain, MJ; Islam, F; Mitra, S; Muni, M; Safi, SZ; Sharma, R; Shawon, NJ; Sweilam, SH, 2022)
" In Part II, there were no significant differences in Cmax, AUC0-tn or tmax between 4 mg single dose fasting group and fed group (p=0."	2.77	A single-center, randomized, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tacrine analogue octahydrogenacridine succinate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects. ( Cui, Y; Gu, J; Liang, Y; Wang, D; Xu, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, X, 2012)
"Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenol derivative from natural sources and serves as a potential pharmacophore that exerts multiple pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, neuroprotection, Aβ aggregation modulation, and anti-inflammatory."	2.72	A review on ferulic acid and analogs based scaffolds for the management of Alzheimer's disease. ( Kumar, S; Mishra, S; Modi, G; Rai, H; Singh, G; Singh, GK; Singh, YP; Srikrishna, S, 2021)
"Fifty-five women with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease were randomly assigned to tacrine (n = 26) or HRT (n = 29)."	2.71	Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, prospective study. ( Kang, Y; Kim, DK; Kim, JW; Na, DL; Shin, MH; Yoon, BK, 2003)
"Treatment with tacrine had no statistically significant effect on plasma Abeta42 and Abeta40 either at 2 weeks or at 6 weeks of administration compared to baseline levels."	2.70	Plasma levels of Abeta42 and Abeta40 in Alzheimer patients during treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tacrine. ( Basun, H; Eckman, C; Lannfelt, L; Nilsberth, C; Younkin, S, 2002)
"Thirteen patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 receiving treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine, THA) and 7 receiving no treatment, were administered 2 mg of nicotine polacrilex and placebo."	2.70	Nicotine and sensory memory in Alzheimer's disease: an event-related potential study. ( Engeland, C; Ilivitsky, V; Knott, V; Mahoney, C; Mohr, E, 2002)
"Thirteen patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 receiving treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor, tacrine [tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA)], and 7 receiving no treatment, were administered 2 mg of nicotine polacrilex and placebo."	2.70	Acute nicotine effects on auditory sensory memory in tacrine-treated and nontreated patients with Alzheimer's disease: an event-related potential study. ( Engeland, C; Ilivitsky, V; Knott, VJ; Mahoney, C; Mohr, E, 2002)
"The outcome measures were Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Component, Clinician Interview Based Impression, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Caregiver-rated Clinical Global Impression of Change."	2.69	Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer's disease. ( Davignon, J; Farlow, MR; Hui, SL; Lahiri, DK; Poirier, J; Schneider, L, 1998)
" Patients were treated blindly in relation to the ApoE phenotype, with incremental tacrine dosages ranging from 40 mg/day up to the highest dosage (160 mg) tolerated without side-effects."	2.69	The apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and the response to tacrine therapy in Alzheimer's disease. ( Boller, F; Caputo, L; Couderc, R; de Rotrou, J; Forette, F; Guelfi, MC; Latour, F; Moulin, F; Rigaud, AS; Traykov, L, 2000)
"Patients with Alzheimer's disease received 150 mg/day and 225 mg/day Velnacrine maleate (parallel-group treatment) and placebo."	2.68	Caregiver time use: an outcome measure in clinical trial research on Alzheimer's disease. ( Clipp, EC; Moore, MJ, 1995)
"Factor analysis methodology applied to Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) subtest profiles for patients in two large-scale clinical trials of the antidementia drug tacrine yielded three oblique factors interpreted as dysfunctions in memory, language, and praxis."	2.68	Cardinal features of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a factor-analytic study of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. ( Gracon, SI; Overall, JE; Srirama, MK; Talwalker, S, 1996)
"Treatment with tacrine at doses > 80 mg/d was associated with a reduced likelihood of NHP."	2.68	Long-term tacrine (Cognex) treatment: effects on nursing home placement and mortality, Tacrine Study Group. ( Davis, K; Gracon, S; Hoover, T; Knopman, D; Schneider, L; Smith, F; Talwalker, S, 1996)
"4) Velnacrine was shown to bind to both albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, but together they did not account for total binding."	2.68	Variability in the plasma protein binding of velnacrine (1-hydroxy tacrine hydrochloride). A potential agent for Alzheimer's disease. ( Ford, JM; Roberts, CJ; Wood, DM, 1996)
" Dosing was initiated at 40 mg/day and increased in increments of 40 mg/day every 6 weeks until the target dose was achieved."	2.68	Mixed-model analysis of incomplete longitudinal data from a high-dose trial of tacrine (Cognex) in Alzheimer's patients. ( Smith, F, 1996)
" Using last tacrine dose, the analyses demonstrated a dose-response relationship where patients on higher tacrine doses were less likely to enter a nursing home or die than patients on lower doses."	2.68	The use of survival analysis techniques in evaluating the effect of long-term tacrine (Cognex) treatment on nursing home placement and mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ( Gracon, S; Smith, F; Srirama, M; Talwalker, S, 1996)
"The pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenous and oral doses of tacrine was determined in 5 elderly patients (aged 64 to 96 y) with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease."	2.68	Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic disposition of tacrine in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease. ( Lou, G; Montgomery, PR; Sitar, DS, 1996)
"Outcome measures included Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and its cognitive component (ADAS-Cog), Clinician's Interview-Based Impression (CIBI), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and the caregiver-rated Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC)."	2.68	Apolipoprotein E genotype and gender influence response to tacrine therapy. ( Davignon, J; Farlow, MR; Hui, S; Lahiri, DK; Poirier, J, 1996)
" Pharmacokinetic investigations showed that the oral bioavailability of tacrine was low and greatly varying between subjects."	2.67	Clinical experiences and biochemical findings with tacrine (THA). ( Ahlin, A; Hassan, M; Junthé, T; Nybäck, H, 1993)
"Tacrine was well tolerated in all but one patient, a slow hydroxylator, who developed an aplastic anemia."	2.67	Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease: pharmacokinetic and clinical comparison of oral and rectal administration. ( Ahlin, A; Hassan, M; Junthé, T; Nybäck, H, 1994)
"The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was tested in two doubleblind crossover studies."	2.67	Physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ( Gustafson, L, 1993)
" Direct liver injury, possibly associated with the production of a toxic metabolite, would be consistent with reports of aberrant xenobiotic metabolism in Alzheimer's disease patients."	2.67	Clinical trials with velnacrine: (PROPP) the physician reference of predicted probabilities--a statistical model for the estimation of hepatotoxicity risk with velnacrine maleate. ( Hardiman, S; Miller, K; Murphy, M, 1993)
" Group 3 remained on a dosage of 120 mg/d for a total of 18 weeks; after 6 weeks at 120 mg/d, group 4 titrated to 160 mg/d for the last 12 weeks."	2.67	A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group. ( Davis, CS; Gracon, SI; Knapp, MJ; Knopman, DS; Pendlebury, WW; Solomon, PR, 1994)
"To assess the value of serum measurements of tacrine hydrochloride and its metabolite in predicting risk of adverse reaction in Alzheimer's disease."	2.67	Serum concentrations of tacrine hydrochloride predict its adverse effects in Alzheimer's disease. ( Ford, JM; Roberts, CJ; Truman, CA; Wilcock, GK, 1993)
"Men and women with probable Alzheimer's disease, at least 50 years old, mildly to moderately impaired, without other significant medical conditions."	2.67	A controlled trial of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group. ( Dolan-Ureno, J; Farlow, M; Gracon, SI; Hershey, LA; Lewis, KW; Sadowsky, CH, 1992)
"Of 632 eligible patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 215 improved while receiving tacrine during a preliminary crossover phase to determine responsiveness and the best dose."	2.67	A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Collaborative Study Group. ( Davis, CS; Davis, KL; Drachman, DA; Gamzu, ER; Gracon, SI; Hoover, TM; Schneider, LS; Thal, LJ; Whitehouse, PJ; Woolson, RF, 1992)
"Velnacrine was administered in various doses."	2.67	Implications of the study population in the early evaluation of anticholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. ( Cutler, NR; Murphy, MF; Nash, RJ; Sramek, JJ, 1992)
"Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor with activity in the central nervous system originally marketed for the reversal of competitive neuromuscular blockade."	2.67	Methodologic aspects of a population pharmacodynamic model for cognitive effects in Alzheimer patients treated with tacrine. ( Holford, NH; Peace, KE, 1992)
"Perfusion in the patients with Alzheimer's disease was decreased compared with that of the subjects."	2.67	SPECT brain imaging in Alzheimer's disease during treatment with oral tetrahydroaminoacridine and lecithin. ( Cohen, MB; Fitten, LJ; Graham, LS; Lake, RR; Perryman, KM; Sevrin, R, 1992)
"Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were selected from those attending the memory clinic at a psychiatric hospital."	2.67	Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. ( Eagger, SA; Levy, R; Sahakian, BJ, 1991)
"Multicentre double blind, placebo controlled, random order crossover trial with individual determination of maximum tolerated dosage and four month follow up."	2.67	Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicentre trial. Groupe Français d'Etude de la Tetrahydroaminoacridine. ( Chatellier, G; Lacomblez, L, 1990)
"Velnacrine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration."	2.67	Multiple dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerance of velnacrine (HP 029) in healthy elderly subjects: a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. ( Ho, I; Hsu, R; Lassman, HB; Puri, SK, 1990)
" To assess adverse events in relation to dosage and plasma drug levels, 24 hospitalized AD subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or HP 029 for 10 days in a double-blind, sequential escalation study."	2.67	Clinical safety, tolerance, and plasma levels of the oral anticholinesterase 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-oL-maleate (HP 029) in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings. ( Cutler, NR; De Luna, DM; Murphy, MF; Nash, RJ; Prior, PL, 1990)
" Twelve subjects have entered Phase III, which involves long-term administration of oral THA."	2.66	Oral tetrahydroaminoacridine in long-term treatment of senile dementia, Alzheimer type. ( Kling, A; Majovski, LV; Marsh, GM; Summers, WK; Tachiki, K, 1986)
" In this open, randomized, crossover study, 24 healthy, elderly men were given 100 mg of velnacrine on two different study days to assess the influence of food on the bioavailability of velnacrine."	2.66	The effect of food on the bioavailability of velnacrine (HP 029) in healthy elderly men: a potential Alzheimer agent. ( Ho, I; Hsu, RS; Lassman, HB; Puri, SK, 1989)
" The mean plasma half-life was about 2."	2.66	Single dose safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of HP 029 in healthy young men: a potential Alzheimer agent. ( Ho, I; Hsu, RS; Lassman, HB; Puri, SK, 1989)
"Tacrine was the first drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1993, which was withdrawn in 2013 due to its hepatotoxicity."	2.61	Tacrines for Alzheimer's disease therapy. III. The PyridoTacrines. ( de Los Ríos, C; Marco-Contelles, J, 2019)
"During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline."	2.61	Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Multitargeting Strategy Based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning. ( Ahmed, M; Aleya, L; Ashraf, GM; Barreto, GE; Begum, MM; Kabir, MT; Mathew, B; Rahman, MS; Thangapandiyan, S; Uddin, MS, 2019)
"Tacrine is a potent inhibitor of cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) that shows limiting clinical application by liver toxicity."	2.61	Therapeutic Potential of Multifunctional Tacrine Analogues. ( Dzierzbicka, K; Inkielewicz-Stepniak, I; Kowalski, S; Przybyłowska, M, 2019)
"Tacrine was the first drug approved by FDA (US) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease suffering patients."	2.55	New Tacrines as Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Agents. The (Benzo)Chromeno- PyranoTacrines. ( Marco-Contelles, J; Oset-Gasque, MJ, 2017)
"Other targets relevant to Alzheimer's disease have also been considered in the last years for producing multitarget compounds such as β-secretase, monoamino oxidases, serotonin receptors and sigma 1 receptors."	2.55	Multitarget compounds bearing tacrine- and donepezil-like structural and functional motifs for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ( Agbaba, D; Benchekroun, M; Brindisi, M; Brogi, S; Butini, S; Campiani, G; Esteban, G; Filipic, S; Gemma, S; Ismaili, L; Marco-Contelles, J; Nikolic, K; Refouvelet, B; Unzeta, M, 2017)
"Tacrine was initially synthesised in 1945 as part of a project seeking antibacterial drugs to treat infected wounds in soldiers."	2.55	Tacrine: In vivo veritas. ( Jarrott, B, 2017)
"Tacrine (1) was the first acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) introduced in therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but similarly to the most recent approved AChEIs and memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, it does not represent an effective drug in halting the progression of AD."	2.49	Multifunctional tacrine derivatives in Alzheimer's disease. ( Bolognesi, ML; Marchetti, C; Milelli, A; Minarini, A; Rosini, M; Simoni, E; Tumiatti, V, 2013)
"Tacrine was the first drug approved by FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease."	2.49	Design of new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on tacrine structure. ( Alves, RB; de Aquino, RA; de Fatima, A; Modolo, LV, 2013)
"Tacrine was the first AChEI introduced in therapy."	2.46	Tacrine derivatives and Alzheimer's disease. ( Bolognesi, ML; Melchiorre, C; Milelli, A; Minarini, A; Rosini, M; Tumiatti, V, 2010)
"Memoquin (9) is a quinone-bearing polyamine endowed with a unique multifunctional profile."	2.45	MTDL design strategy in the context of Alzheimer's disease: from lipocrine to memoquin and beyond. ( Andrisano, V; Bartolini, M; Bolognesi, ML; Melchiorre, C; Minarini, A; Rosini, M; Tumiatti, V, 2009)
" In silico predicted ADME and physicochemical properties of conjugates showed good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters."	2.44	Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as MTDLs anti-Alzheimer agents: Anticholinesterase activity, mechanistic aspect, and molecular modeling studies. ( Abd El-Wahab, HAA; Akincioglu, H; Gülçin, İ; Omar, FA; Soliman, AM, 2024)
" Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 enzymes is probably responsible for balance between a number of stable and non-toxic metabolites and highly protein-reactive and toxic ones."	2.44	Possible role of hydroxylated metabolites of tacrine in drug toxicity and therapy of Alzheimer's disease. ( Jun, D; Kuca, K; Patocka, J, 2008)
"Velnacrine is a derivative of tacrine."	2.42	Velnacrine for Alzheimer's disease. ( Birks, J; Wilcock, GG, 2004)
"Tacrine was the first cholinesterase inhibitor approved by regulatory agencies, followed by donepezil, rivastigmine and recently galantamine."	2.41	Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cholinesterase inhibitors. ( Jann, MW; Shirley, KL; Small, GW, 2002)
" In order to maximize and prolong positive drug effects, it is important to start early and adjust dosage during the treatment."	2.41	Cholinesterase inhibitors stabilize Alzheimer's disease. ( Giacobini, E, 2000)
"A guide for drug prescription in Alzheimer's disease is thus warranted and becomes clearer, sure that, in the next future modifications and new strategies will appear."	2.41	[Perspectives for drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease]. ( Allain, H; Bentue-Ferrer, D; Lecavorzin, P; Polard, E; Reymann, JM; Tribut, O, 2001)
" In the random trials, tacrine dosage ranged from 25 to 200 mg/day, with a duration of 3-36 weeks."	2.40	Methodology, results and quality of clinical trials of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of the literature. ( Arrieta, JL; Artalejo, FR, 1998)
"Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementing illness affecting over 4 million Americans."	2.40	Providing dental care for patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. ( Henry, RG; Wekstein, DR, 1997)
"Because Alzheimer's disease is a heterogeneous disorder, the range of treatment responses likely will remain variable."	2.40	What's new in Alzheimer's disease treatment? Reasons for optimism about future pharmacologic options. ( Larson, EB; Shadlen, MF, 1999)
"The rapid growth of the world's Alzheimer's disease (AD) population has resulted in a tremendous financial burden on society, a situation exacerbated by the fact that the funding of health and social services faces increasing restrictions in the coming years."	2.40	An economic perspective on Alzheimer's disease. ( Trabucchi, M, 1999)
"So far, the treatment of dementia focuses essentially on the consequences of neuronal dysfunction or cell loss by either a palliative approach addressing psychosis, behavior or anxiety and depression, or by substitution of deficient neurotransmitters with quasi no success."	2.39	[Toward a treatment for dementia]. ( Ghika, J, 1995)
"Tacrine is a centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor with additional pharmacological activity on monoamine levels and ion channels."	2.39	Tacrine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer's disease. ( McTavish, D; Wagstaff, AJ, 1994)
" Tacrine is associated with large pharmacokinetic interindividual variation within both patient and control groups."	2.39	Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrine. ( Madden, S; Park, BK; Spaldin, V, 1995)
"Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the availability of acetylcholine in muscarinic neurons."	2.39	Tacrine: first drug approved for Alzheimer's disease. ( Crismon, ML, 1994)
"Alzheimer's disease is the most important cause of dementia, but its cause remains unknown."	2.39	Alzheimer's disease. ( Chun, MR; Mayeux, R, 1994)
"Tacrine dosages have been studied in 5 protocols that used either enrichment or parallel designs."	2.39	The effect of tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. A population pharmacodynamic analysis of five clinical trials. ( Holford, NH; Peace, K, 1994)
"Treatment with tacrine costs about $1,000 to $1,500 per year (Anderson, 1993)."	2.39	Tacrine: a pharmacological approach to Alzheimer's disease. ( Keltner, NL, 1994)
"Developing treatment guidelines for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias depends primarily on a literature review."	2.39	Developing treatment guidelines for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. ( Rabins, PV, 1996)
"Tacrine therapy could generate savings up to 17% of the current costs of AD, or a total of $3."	2.39	Potential effect of tacrine on expenditures for Alzheimer's disease. ( Bowe, T; Lubeck, DP; Mazonson, PD, 1994)
"Oral tacrine treatment (80 mg daily) restore nicotinic receptors in AD patients as visualized by PET and 11C-nicotine."	2.38	In vivo detection of neurotransmitter changes in Alzheimer's disease. ( Nordberg, A, 1993)
"The pharmacokinetic of some centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors that have been used to improve memory in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type, was compared."	2.38	Pharmacokinetic studies of cholinesterase inhibitors. ( Johansson, M; Nordberg, A, 1993)
" The two drugs are special as the dosage of them is guided mainly by side effects and not by therapeutic effects in contrast to most drugs used for psychiatric disorders."	2.38	Side effects of long acting cholinesterase inhibitors. ( Beermann, B, 1993)
"Tacrine hydrochloride is a central anticholinesterase which has been said to improve intellectual function in patients with AD."	2.38	Clinical experience with and side-effects of tacrine hydrochloride in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. ( Forsyth, DR; Morgan, RA; Surmon, DJ; Wilcock, GK, 1989)
"Tacrine was the first drug used in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is one of the leading structures frequently pursued in the drug discovery of novel candidates for tackling AD."	1.91	UHPLC-Orbitrap study of the first phase tacrine in vitro metabolites and related Alzheimer's drug candidates using human liver microsomes. ( Konecny, J; Korabecny, J; Kučera, R; Kuratkova, A; Lauschke, VM; Nevosadova, L; Novak, M; Prchal, L; Soukup, O; Svobodova, B, 2023)
"Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural compound of phenolic acids that has pharmacological activity for inhibiting Alzheimer's disease, as well as liver protection."	1.91	Rosmarinic acid potentiates and detoxifies tacrine in combination for Alzheimer's disease. ( Gao, W; Guo, L; Han, X; Huang, L; Ji, H; Li, X; Qiao, O; Wang, J; Wang, W; Yang, M; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)
"Traditional therapeutic agents of Alzheimer's disease such as tacrine and physostigmine have been found to cause adverse effects to the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract."	1.72	A Nanoinformatics Approach to Evaluate the Pharmacological Properties of Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ( Alghamdi, HA; Alhamdi, HW; Alshammari, FA; Attique, SA; Nawaz, MZ; Yan, W, 2022)
"Current drugs available in clinic for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment can only alleviate disease symptoms without clearly curing or delaying the process of AD."	1.62	ROS-responsive and multifunctional anti-Alzheimer prodrugs: Tacrine-ibuprofen hybrids via a phenyl boronate linker. ( Fang, L; Gou, S; Liu, Z; Xia, S; Zhang, B, 2021)
"Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder with characteristic symptoms and several pathological hallmarks."	1.62	2-Propargylamino-naphthoquinone derivatives as multipotent agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ( Andrys, R; Capek, J; Handl, J; Hrabinova, M; Janockova, J; Kobrlova, T; Korabecny, J; Marco-Contelles, JL; Mezeiova, E; Micankova, P; Muckova, L; Nepovimova, E; Pejchal, J; Rousar, T; Simunkova, M; Soukup, O; Valko, M, 2021)
"The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a reason for the lack of effective drugs as well as a basis for the development of "multi-target-directed ligands" (MTDLs)."	1.62	Sustainable Drug Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. ( Angeloni, C; Bartolini, M; Bergamini, C; Bolognesi, ML; Chantegreil, F; de Camargo Nascente, L; de Melo Viana Teixeira, S; Freschi, M; Hrelia, S; Malaguti, M; Nachon, F; Prchal, L; Rossi, M; Salerno, A; Soares Romeiro, LA; Soukup, O, 2021)
"Complex pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prompts researchers to develop multifunctional molecules in order to find effective therapy against AD."	1.56	1-Benzylpyrrolidine-3-amine-based BuChE inhibitors with anti-aggregating, antioxidant and metal-chelating properties as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. ( Gobec, S; Godyń, J; Jończyk, J; Knez, D; Malawska, B; Panek, D; Pasieka, A; Sabaté, R; Valdivieso, ÁDR; Wichur, T; Więckowska, A; Więckowski, K, 2020)
"Tacrine (TAC) was licensed for treatments; however, its oral administration caused hepatotoxicity, so it is essential to reduce the side effects."	1.56	Combined Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Tacrine and PAMAM Dendrimers Co-Administration Reduces the Side Effects of the Drug without Modifying its Activity. ( Del V Alonso, S; Igartúa, DE; Martinez, CS; Prieto, MJ, 2020)
"Concerned by the devastating effects of Alzheimer's disease, and the lack of effective drugs, we have carried out the design of a series of tacrine-phenolic heterodimers in order to tackle the multifactorial nature of the disease."	1.51	Tacrine-O-protected phenolics heterodimers as multitarget-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease: Selective subnanomolar BuChE inhibitors. ( Bartolini, M; Bolognesi, ML; Fernández-Bolaños, JG; Franconetti, A; Hicke, J; Lagunes, I; López, Ó; Maya, I; Monti, B; Naldi, M; Padrón, JM; Petralla, S; Poeta, E; Roldán-Peña, JM; Romero-Real, V, 2019)
"Oral treatment with tacrine hydrochloride; a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, finds limited use in Alzheimer's disease due to frequent dosing, hepatotoxicity and extensive pre-systemic metabolism."	1.51	Design and Development of Novel Transdermal Nanoemulgel for Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Investigations. ( Farswan, M; Madaan, T; Razdan, BK; Setya, S; Talegaonkar, S, 2019)
"In view of the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), multitarget small molecules (MTSM) represent the most potent and attractive therapeutic strategy to design new drugs for Alzheimer's disease therapy."	1.51	Synthesis and biological assessment of KojoTacrines as new agents for Alzheimer's disease therapy. ( Carreiras, MC; Chabchoub, F; Dgachi, Y; Iriepa, I; Ismaili, L; Janockova, J; Jun, D; Maalej, E; Malek, R; Marco-Contelles, J; Martin, H; Moraleda, I; Refouvelet, B; Sepsova, V; Soukup, O, 2019)
"So, tacrine molecule was combined with modified DHZ to present a new multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL)."	1.51	Computational approach to suggest a new multi-target-directed ligand as a potential medication for Alzheimer's disease. ( Eslami, M; Ghasemi, Y; Negahdaripour, M; Nezafat, N, 2019)
"Alzheimer's disease is a widespread type of neurodegenerative dementia that mainly affects the elderly."	1.51	Structure-activity relationship of tacrine and its analogues in relation to inhibitory activity against Alzheimer's disease. ( Camargo, AJ; Camargo, LTFM; Ribeiro, L; Rodrigues, ACC; Vieira, I, 2019)
"Huperzine A (HupA) is a kind of Lycopodium alkaloid with potential disease-modifying qualities that has been reported to protect against β-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated mitochondrial damage in Alzheimer's disease."	1.51	ABAD/17β-HSD10 reduction contributes to the protective mechanism of huperzine a on the cerebral mitochondrial function in APP/PS1 mice. ( Chen, Q; Wang, Y; Xiao, X; Zhu, X, 2019)
"7%, whereas intranasal administration demonstrated an absolute bioavailability of 28."	1.48	Intranasal delivery of a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor HLS-3 for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ( Han, Y; He, L; Ho, CY; Mak, M; Qian, S; Wang, Q; Wong, YC; Zuo, Z, 2018)
"In the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, the enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) are increased."	1.46	N-Propargylpiperidines with naphthalene-2-carboxamide or naphthalene-2-sulfonamide moieties: Potential multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents. ( Brazzolotto, X; Brus, B; Colletier, JP; Coquelle, N; Gobec, S; Knez, D; Kos, J; Košak, U; Nachon, F; Pišlar, A, 2017)
"Over 44 million people live with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide."	1.46	A novel class of thiosemicarbazones show multi-functional activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ( Anjum, R; Bernhardt, PV; Hibbs, D; Kalinowski, DS; Lin, HY; Palanimuthu, D; Poon, R; Richardson, DR; Sahni, S, 2017)
"Also, reduction of amyloid plaque burden and gliosis in the cortex and hippocampus was assessed."	1.46	The proof-of-concept of ASS234: Peripherally administered ASS234 enters the central nervous system and reduces pathology in a male mouse model of Alzheimer disease. ( Fernandez, AP; Futch, HS; Herrero-Labrador, R; Marco-Contelles, J; Martínez-Murillo, R; Romero, A; Samadi, A; Serrano, J; Serrano, MP; Unzeta, M, 2017)
"Avarol is a marine sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, previously isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara Schmidt (Dictyoceratida), with antiinflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antiplatelet, anti-HIV, and antipsoriatic effects."	1.43	Avarol derivatives as competitive AChE inhibitors, non hepatotoxic and neuroprotective agents for Alzheimer's disease. ( Cañadas, S; García-Font, N; Iodice, C; Marco-Contelles, J; Oset-Gasque, MJ; Pejin, B; Tommonaro, G; Vitale, RM, 2016)
"Novel multifunctional tacrines for Alzheimer's disease were obtained by Ugi-reaction between ferulic (or lipoic acid), a melatonin-like isocyanide, formaldehyde, and tacrine derivatives, according to the antioxidant additive approach in order to modulate the oxidative stress as therapeutic strategy."	1.43	The Antioxidant Additive Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: New Ferulic (Lipoic) Acid Plus Melatonin Modified Tacrines as Cholinesterases Inhibitors, Direct Antioxidants, and Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Activators. ( Bautista-Aguilera, OM; Benchekroun, M; Buendía, I; Egea, J; Ismaili, L; Janockova, J; Jimeno, ML; Jun, D; León, R; Marco-Contelles, J; Michalska, P; Ouari, O; Refouvelet, B; Romero, A; Sepsova, V; Soukup, O, 2016)
" The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving intramuscular application of 3."	1.43	An HPLC-MS method for the quantification of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor PC 48 (7-MEOTA-donepezil like compound) in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. ( Korabecny, J; Kuca, K; Mzik, M; Nepovimova, E; Palička, V; Voříšek, V; Zdarova Karasova, J, 2016)
"Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease that is characterized mainly by Amyloid-β (A-β) deposits, cholinergic deficit and extensive metal (copper, iron)-induced oxidative stress."	1.43	Targeting copper(II)-induced oxidative stress and the acetylcholinesterase system in Alzheimer's disease using multifunctional tacrine-coumarin hybrid molecules. ( Bednarikova, Z; Brezova, V; Drostinova, L; Gazova, Z; Hamulakova, S; Hrabinova, M; Jomova, K; Jun, D; Kristian, P; Kuca, K; Lauro, P; Poprac, P; Sepsova, V; Soukup, O; Valko, M, 2016)
"Alzheimer's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology."	1.42	Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives targeting cholinesterases: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. ( Bajda, M; Brus, B; Gobec, S; Guzior, N; Malawska, B; Rakoczy, J, 2015)
"Due to the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease, multi-target-directed ligand approaches are one of the most promising strategies in the search for effective treatments."	1.42	Synthesis of new N-benzylpiperidine derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors with β-amyloid anti-aggregation properties and beneficial effects on memory in vivo. ( Bajda, M; Brus, B; Czerwińska, P; Filipek, B; Gobec, S; Malawska, B; Sałat, K; Więckowska, A; Więckowski, K, 2015)
"The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be ascribed to the progressive loss of functional neurons in the brain, and hence, agents with neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities that allow for the replacement of lost neurons may have significant therapeutic value."	1.42	Substantial Neuroprotective and Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activities by Bis(propyl)-cognitin via the Activation of Alpha7-nAChR, a Promising Anti-Alzheimer's Dimer. ( Choi, C; Cui, W; Han, Y; Hu, S; Hu, Y; Lee, M; Mak, S; Pang, Y; Tang, J; Xu, D, 2015)
"Tacrine is an approved drug with AChE-inhibitory activity."	1.42	Combined 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics study of tacrine derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease. ( Hu, J; Hui, A; Pan, J; Wang, L; Wu, Z; Zhong, G; Zhou, A, 2015)
"Facing the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease, twelve dibenzofuran/carbazole derivatives, which can be considered as the D-ring opened analogs of galantamine, have been designed and synthesized as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents."	1.40	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of D-ring opened galantamine analogs as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. ( Chen, Y; Fang, L; Fang, X; Fleck, C; Gou, S; Huang, Z; Lenhardt, I; Lupp, A; Sun, Y; Zhang, Y, 2014)
"Owing to the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease, there is a renewed and growing search for multitarget non-toxic tacrines as simple, easily available drugs in order to stop the progress and development of the disease."	1.40	Isoxazolotacrines as non-toxic and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. ( Allouche, F; Cacabelos, R; Chabchoub, F; Cherif, O; Chioua, M; López, MG; Marco-Contelles, J; Romero, A; Soriano, E; Yañez, M, 2014)
"To search for multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents with good safety, the previously synthesized tacrine-flurbiprofen hybrids 1a and 1b were modified into tacrine-flurbiprofen-nitrate trihybrids 3a-h."	1.39	Design, synthesis and evaluation of tacrine-flurbiprofen-nitrate trihybrids as novel anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. ( Chen, Y; Huang, Z; Lehmann, J; Liao, H; Peng, S; Sun, J; Zhang, Y, 2013)
"The multifunctional nature of Alzheimer's disease calls for MTDLs (multitarget-directed ligands) to act on different components of the pathology, like the cholinergic dysfunction and amyloid aggregation."	1.39	Crystal structures of human cholinesterases in complex with huprine W and tacrine: elements of specificity for anti-Alzheimer's drugs targeting acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase. ( Carletti, E; Jean, L; Nachon, F; Nicolet, Y; Renard, PY; Ronco, C; Trovaslet, M, 2013)
"The tacrine fragment was selected for its inhibition of cholinesterases, and the flavonoid scaffold derived from 4-oxo-4H -chromene was chosen for its radical capture and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1) inhibitory activities."	1.38	New tacrine-4-oxo-4H-chromene hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, with cholinergic, antioxidant, and β-amyloid-reducing properties. ( Fernández-Bachiller, MI; Monjas, L; Pérez, C; Rademann, J; Rodríguez-Franco, MI, 2012)
"The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) offers us a textbook example where parental compounds, mostly marketed, are modified with the aim of improving and/or conferring two or even more biological activities to contrast or less frequently revert the disease's symptoms."	1.37	Multi-target strategy to address Alzheimer's disease: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new tacrine-based dimers. ( Andrisano, V; Bartolini, M; Belluti, F; Bisi, A; Gobbi, S; Mancini, F; Rampa, A; Rizzo, S, 2011)
"Tacrine did not activate whole-cell currents in KXα3β4R2 cells but inhibited receptor activity at submicromolar concentration."	1.37	Inhibition mechanism of rat α₃β₄ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by the Alzheimer therapeutic tacrine. ( Cheffer, A; Ulrich, H, 2011)
"Ferulic acid is an antioxidant."	1.36	Tacrine-NO donor and tacrine-ferulic acid hybrid molecules as new anti-Alzheimer agents: hepatotoxicity and influence on the cytochrome P450 system in comparison to tacrine. ( Appenroth, D; Decker, M; Fang, L; Fleck, C; Lehmann, J; Lupp, A, 2010)
"Tacrine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for treating mild to moderate AD."	1.35	Significant delivery of tacrine into the brain using magnetic chitosan microparticles for treating Alzheimer's disease. ( Ramasamy, M; Samanta, MK; Sampath Kumar, KP; Santhi, K; Suresh, B; Wilson, B, 2009)
" In conclusion, B7T is expected to have a low oral bioavailability in vivo, which may be due to its poor intestinal permeability, significant tissue binding and hepatic hydroxylation metabolism."	1.35	Preclinical characterization of intestinal absorption and metabolism of promising anti-Alzheimer's dimer bis(7)-tacrine. ( Chan, K; Cheung, MC; Gu, ZM; Han, YF; Li, WM; Pang, YP; Wang, YT; Yu, H; Zhang, L; Zuo, Z, 2008)
"With the goal of developing Alzheimer's disease therapeutics, we have designed and synthesized new piperidine derivatives having dual action of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) aggregation inhibition."	1.34	Synthesis, in vitro assay, and molecular modeling of new piperidine derivatives having dual inhibitory potency against acetylcholinesterase and Abeta1-42 aggregation for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. ( Chae, BS; Eun, JS; Kim, DK; Kim, KH; Kwon, YE; Lee, SK; Leem, JY; No, KT; Park, JY; Shin, JH; Shin, TY; Yang, JH, 2007)
"One of the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that hinders the discovery of effective disease-modifying therapies is the multifactorial nature of its etiopathology."	1.34	Novel class of quinone-bearing polyamines as multi-target-directed ligands to combat Alzheimer's disease. ( Andrisano, V; Banzi, R; Bartolini, M; Bergamini, C; Bolognesi, ML; Cattaneo, A; Cavalli, A; Fato, R; Hrelia, P; Lenaz, G; Melchiorre, C; Minarini, A; Recanatini, M; Rosini, M; Tarozzi, A; Tumiatti, V, 2007)
"Tacrine solution was effectively labelled with (99m)Tc and was found to be stable and suitable for in-vivo studies."	1.34	Nose-to-brain delivery of tacrine. ( Jogani, VV; Mishra, AK; Mishra, P; Misra, AR; Shah, PJ, 2007)
"The development of therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on drugs designed to correct the loss of cholinergic function within the central nervous system."	1.34	Long-term tetrahydroaminoacridine treatment and quantitative EEG in Alzheimer's disease. ( Klimovitsky, SSh; Kogan, EA; Korczyn, AD; Neufeld, MY; Treves, TA; Verchovsky, RG, 2007)
" The role of acute dosing rodent models in identifying candidate genes associated with drug-induced liver injury in man deserves further study."	1.34	Molecular and genetic association of interleukin-6 in tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity. ( Alfirevic, A; Barratt, BJ; Carr, DF; Park, BK; Pirmohamed, M; Sherwood, J; Smith, J; Tugwood, JD, 2007)
"To assess the prevalence of BZD use in Alzheimer's disease patients and to examine patient and drug-characteristics associated with this use."	1.32	Benzodiazepine utilization patterns in Alzheimer's disease patients. ( Bégaud, B; Lagnaoui, R; Miremont-Salamé, G; Moore, N; Moride, Y, 2003)
" Dose-response curves for tremor (central effect) and salivation (peripheral effect) showed that donepezil and icopezil possess a more favourable therapeutic index than the nonselective inhibitors, tacrine and heptylphysostigmine."	1.32	Pharmacology of selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: implications for use in Alzheimer's disease. ( Chapin, D; Hubbard, ST; Jones, SB; Liston, DR; Nason, D; Nielsen, JA; Ramirez, A; Shalaby, IA; Villalobos, A; White, WF, 2004)
"Fifty consecutive outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) received treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor tacrine in an open longitudinal study."	1.32	Five-year outcome of cholinergic treatment of Alzheimer's disease: early response predicts prolonged time until nursing home placement, but does not alter life expectancy. ( Gustafson, L; Minthon, L; Sjögren, M; Wallin, AK; Wattmo, C, 2004)
" Its long duration of action, coupled with its short pharmacokinetic half-life, reduces dosing frequency, decreases body drug exposure and minimizes the dependence of drug action on the individual variations of drug metabolism commonly found in the elderly."	1.31	The experimental Alzheimer drug phenserine: preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. ( Brossi, A; De Micheli, E; Deutsch, J; Greig, NH; Holloway, HW; Ingram, DK; Lahiri, DK; Perry, TA; Soncrant, TT; Utsuki, T; Yu, QS, 2000)
"ursolic acid was 6 pM, and that of tacrine was 0."	1.31	Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid purified from Origanum majorana L on the acetylcholinesterase. ( Chung, YK; Heo, HJ; Huh, TL; Kim, EK; Kim, HK; Kim, SK; Lim, Y; Shin, DH, 2001)
"Tacrine (THA) is an anticholinesterase drug used to manage Alzheimer's dementia, but it is not clear how its chronic use might affect response to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants."	1.30	The effects of chronic tacrine therapy on d-tubocurarine blockade in the soleus and tibialis muscles of the rat. ( Donati, F; Eshelby, D; Fox, GS; Ibebunjo, C; Tchervenkov, JI, 1997)
"Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to manage Alzheimer's dementia."	1.30	Tacrine does not alter the potency of succinylcholine in the rat. ( Donati, F; Eshelby, D; Fox, GS; Ibebunjo, C; Tchervenkov, JI, 1997)
"The senile plaque in Alzheimer's disease (AD) consists mainly of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) derived from a larger beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP)."	1.30	The effect of tacrine and leupeptin on the secretion of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in HeLa cells. ( Farlow, MR; Lahiri, DK; Nall, C; Sambamurti, K, 1997)
" Approximately half the patients treated with tacrine have liver enzyme abnormalities develop, primarily in the first 12 weeks of therapy, that resolve with discontinuation of drug or dosage adjustment."	1.30	Tacrine. A cause of fatal hepatotoxicity? ( Blackard, WG; Crowe, DR; Fallon, MB; Sood, GK, 1998)
"Tacrine was given at a dose of 40 mg/day during 6 weeks."	1.30	Tacrine efficacy in Lewy body dementia. ( Lebert, F; Pasquier, F; Petit, H; Souliez, L, 1998)
"Tacrine was given in doses between 80 and to 160 mg daily for 13-31 months."	1.30	Long-term tacrine treatment in three mild Alzheimer patients: effects on nicotinic receptors, cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, EEG, and cognitive abilities. ( Amberla, K; Andersson, J; Hartvig, P; Hellström-Lindahl, E; Johansson, M; Långström, B; Lilja, A; Lundqvist, H; Nordberg, A; Shigeta, M; Viitanen, M; Winblad, B, 1998)
"Treatments in Alzheimer's disease include treatment of cognitive impairment and behavioral manifestations (agitation, depression, anxiety, delusions)."	1.30	[Drug therapy strategies in Alzheimer's disease]. ( Lacomblez, L, 1998)
"(1) Tacrine has been on the French market for four years for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease."	1.30	Tacrine: a second look. An outdated drug to be discarded. ( , 1999)
"Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer drug that occasionally produces acute cholinergic side effects."	1.30	The mechanism for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by irinotecan (CPT-11). ( Dodds, HM; Rivory, LP, 1999)
"Velnacrine maleate is a novel, orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor of the acridine class with a longer duration of action than physostigmine."	1.29	Velnacrine maleate improves delayed matching performance by aged monkeys. ( Buccafusco, JJ; Jackson, WJ; Rush, DK; Terry, AV; Turk, DJ, 1995)
"The present results suggest that, in Alzheimer's disease, combined degeneration of nucleus basalis cholinergic and brainstem serotonergic cells decreases the therapeutic effect of nicotine, but not that of tetrahydroaminoacridine."	1.29	Effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine and nicotine in nucleus basalis and serotonin-lesioned rats. ( Riekkinen, M; Riekkinen, P, 1995)
" A reliable caregiver is essential to ensure compliance with frequent dosing and weekly blood testing."	1.29	Alzheimer's disease: how to give and monitor tacrine therapy. ( Lantz, MS; Woo, JK, 1995)
"Three patients with Alzheimer's disease of mild type received long-term treatment with THA at doses between 40 mg to 160 mg daily."	1.29	EEG regional changes during long-term treatment with tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease. ( Nordberg, A; Persson, A; Shigeta, M; Viitanen, M; Winblad, B, 1993)
"The acridine-based, potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutic agents, tacrine and velnacrine, were incubated with rat or gerbil neocortical synaptosomal membranes."	1.29	Interaction of tacrine and velnacrine with neocortical synaptosomal membranes: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. ( Butterfield, DA; Carney, J; Hall, N; Hensley, K; Umhauer, S, 1993)
"Seventy-nine patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were enrolled into a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study to assess the therapeutic effect and safety of THA (tetrahydroaminoacridine; tacrine) without concomitant lecithin administration."	1.29	An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) without lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ( Boyle, M; Mulligan, K; Neubauer, KA; O'Neill, D; Royston, VH; Scott, M; Surmon, DJ; Wilcock, GK, 1993)
"According to the cholinergic theory of Alzheimer's disease, the cognitive failure depends on a deficit in acetylcholine."	1.29	[Use of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer disease]. ( Sampalmieri, M; Servi, M; Troiani, MP, 1993)
"Tacrine can produce modest dose-related improvements in cognitive function and global measures of patient function."	1.29	Maximizing function in Alzheimer's disease: what role for tacrine? ( Smucker, WD, 1996)
" In addition, zinc or tacrine treatment of AD patients with high dosage or in the long term may have effects on the process of amyloidogensis."	1.29	Amyloidogenic processing of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein in vitro and its modulation by metal ions and tacrine. ( Chong, YH; Suh, YH, 1996)
"Tacrine was found to biphasically both increase (10(-6) and 5 x 10(-6) M) and decrease (10(-5)-10(-4) M) the release of ACh in a concentration-dependent manner."	1.29	Biphasic effect of tacrine on acetylcholine release in rat brain via M1 and M2 receptors. ( Nordberg, A; Svensson, AL; Zhang, X, 1996)
"A patient with Alzheimer's disease and mild features of parkinsonism was treated with tacrine."	1.28	Exacerbation of parkinsonism by tacrine. ( Lannon, MC; Ott, BR, 1992)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were related to clinical and biochemical effects in patients who, in a separate study, participated in a clinical trial of oral THA."	1.28	Pharmacokinetics of tetrahydroaminoacridine: relations to clinical and biochemical effects in Alzheimer patients. ( Adem, A; Ahlin, A; Junthé, T; Nybäck, H; Ohman, G, 1992)
" Dose-normalized Cmax and AUC values after administration of the 20 mg and 30 mg doses of tacrine were comparable to each other but were significantly greater (p less than ."	1.28	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ( Balogh, L; Cutler, NR; Gamzu, ER; Gracon, SI; Kinkel, AW; Prior, P; Sedman, AJ; Selen, A; Underwood, BA, 1990)
"Patients receiving THA for treatment of Alzheimer's disease need regular monitoring of liver function."	1.28	Heterogeneity of adverse hepatic reactions to tetrahydroaminoacridine. ( Ames, DJ; Bhathal, PS; Davies, BM; Fraser, JR; Gibson, PR; Roberts, S, 1990)
" The serum half-life was 1."	1.28	Pharmacokinetics of tacrine hydrochloride in Alzheimer's disease. ( Ford, JM; Forsyth, DR; Morgan, RA; Roberts, CJ; Truman, CA; Wilcock, GK, 1989)
"Tacrine was a weak competitor of [3H]phenylisopropyladenosine ([3H]L-PIA) binding in brain membranes."	1.27	Blockade of a cardiac K+ channel by tacrine: interactions with muscarinic and adenosine receptors. ( Freeman, SE; Lau, WM; Szilagyi, M, 1988)
"Physostigmine and THA were potent inhibitors of these plaque- and tangle-bound cholinesterases as well."	1.27	Anatomy of cholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease: effect of physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine on plaques and tangles. ( Geula, C; Mesulam, MM; Morán, MA, 1987)

Research

Studies (813)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

6 Minute Walk Test

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	48 (5.90)	18.7374
1990's	337 (41.45)	18.2507
2000's	129 (15.87)	29.6817
2010's	216 (26.57)	24.3611
2020's	83 (10.21)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Shutske, GM	2
Pierrat, FA	2
Kapples, KJ	1
Cornfeldt, ML	2
Szewczak, MR	2
Huger, FP	3
Bores, GM	2
Haroutunian, V	4
Davis, KL	8
Klein, JT	1
Davis, L	1
Olsen, GE	1
Wong, GS	1
Smith, CP	1
Petko, WW	1
Cornfeldt, M	1
Wilker, JC	1
Blitzer, RD	1
Landau, E	1
Martin, LL	1
Effland, RC	1
McKenna, MT	1
Proctor, GR	1
Young, LC	1
Harvey, AL	1
Melchiorre, C	9
Andrisano, V	27
Bolognesi, ML	20
Budriesi, R	1
Cavalli, A	7
Cavrini, V	2
Rosini, M	11
Tumiatti, V	11
Recanatini, M	5
Rampa, A	3
Bisi, A	3
Belluti, F	3
Gobbi, S	3
Valenti, P	1
Camps, P	8
Morral, J	1
Muñoz-Torrero, D	11
Badia, A	6
Baños, JE	3
Vivas, NM	3
Barril, X	2
Orozco, M	2
Luque, FJ	9
Shao, D	1
Zou, C	1
Luo, C	1
Tang, X	1
Li, Y	4
Bartolini, M	34
Hrelia, P	2
Minarini, A	9
Tarozzi, A	4
Muñoz-Ruiz, P	2
Rubio, L	2
García-Palomero, E	3
Dorronsoro, I	2
del Monte-Millán, M	2
Valenzuela, R	2
Usán, P	3
de Austria, C	2
Bidon-Chanal, A	3
Medina, M	2
Martínez, A	5
Rodríguez-Franco, MI	14
Fernández-Bachiller, MI	5
Pérez, C	10
Hernández-Ledesma, B	1
Bartolomé, B	1
Marco-Contelles, J	33
León, R	6
de Los Ríos, C	10
Guglietta, A	1
Terencio, J	1
López, MG	14
García, AG	7
Villarroya, M	9
Kwon, YE	1
Park, JY	1
No, KT	1
Shin, JH	1
Lee, SK	1
Eun, JS	1
Yang, JH	1
Shin, TY	1
Kim, DK	2
Chae, BS	1
Leem, JY	1
Kim, KH	2
Banzi, R	1
Bergamini, C	3
Fato, R	1
Lenaz, G	1
Cattaneo, A	1
Valgimigli, L	2
Fang, L	7
Appenroth, D	3
Decker, M	5
Kiehntopf, M	2
Roegler, C	1
Deufel, T	1
Fleck, C	4
Peng, S	5
Zhang, Y	9
Lehmann, J	8
Kraus, B	1
Heilmann, J	2
Simoni, E	5
Ceccarini, L	1
Pascu, N	1
McClymont, DW	1
Mellor, IR	1
Lupp, A	3
Samadi, A	13
Huertas, O	3
López, B	3
Carreiras, Mdo C	1
Arce, MP	3
González-Muñoz, GC	5
Conde, S	4
Rook, Y	1
Schmidtke, KU	1
Gaube, F	1
Schepmann, D	1
Wünsch, B	1
Winckler, T	1
Egea, J	8
Iriepa, I	13
Moraleda, I	12
Gálvez, E	4
Romero, A	15
Korabecny, J	27
Musilek, K	7
Holas, O	2
Binder, J	1
Zemek, F	2
Marek, J	1
Pohanka, M	3
Opletalova, V	2
Dohnal, V	3
Kuca, K	23
Valderas, C	2
Bastida, A	1
Chioua, M	12
González-Lafuente, L	1
Colmena, I	1
Gandía, L	1
Del Barrio, L	2
Martín-de-Saavedra, MD	2
Al-Rashid, ZF	1
Hsung, RP	1
Tasso, B	1
Catto, M	2
Nicolotti, O	2
Novelli, F	1
Tonelli, M	1
Giangreco, I	1
Pisani, L	2
Sparatore, A	1
Boido, V	1
Carotti, A	2
Sparatore, F	1
Szymanski, P	11
Karpiński, A	1
Mikiciuk-Olasik, E	6
Markowicz, M	1
Rizzo, S	1
Mancini, F	4
Tang, H	3
Zhao, LZ	1
Zhao, HT	2
Huang, SL	4
Zhong, SM	2
Qin, JK	1
Chen, ZF	2
Huang, ZS	4
Liang, H	2
Martins, C	1
Carreiras, MC	3
García, M	1
Shan, WJ	2
Huang, L	12
Zhou, Q	2
Meng, FC	2
Li, XS	2
Bolea, I	2
Juárez-Jiménez, J	2
Pouplana, R	1
Unzeta, M	4
Galdeano, C	3
Viayna, E	2
Sola, I	1
Formosa, X	3
Clos, MV	4
Relat, J	1
Ratia, M	1
Salmona, M	1
Minguillón, C	1
Monjas, L	2
Rademann, J	1
Wang, ZY	1
Su, T	1
Shan, W	1
Luo, Z	4
Sun, Y	5
He, F	2
Li, X	15
Mao, F	5
Qin, F	1
Maalej, E	3
Chabchoub, F	6
Oset-Gasque, MJ	8
Esquivias-Pérez, M	2
González, MP	2
Liu, A	2
Lu, C	3
Xie, Z	1
Chao, X	2
He, X	1
Yang, Y	2
Zhou, X	1
Jin, M	1
Liu, S	3
Cheng, Z	2
Liu, P	2
Wang, Y	7
Yu, J	1
Tan, Y	1
Huang, Y	1
Qin, J	2
Rapposelli, S	3
Pi, R	4
Roy, KK	1
Tota, S	1
Tripathi, T	1
Chander, S	1
Nath, C	1
Saxena, AK	1
Leonetti, F	1
Pesce, P	1
Stefanachi, A	1
Cellamare, S	1
Yan, J	2
Du, Z	1
He, Y	3
Yao, PF	1
Chen, SB	1
Huang, ZH	1
Tan, JH	2
Li, D	3
Gu, LQ	2
Li, RS	1
Wang, XB	8
Hu, XJ	1
Kong, LY	10
Xie, SS	8
Li, JY	1
Yang, L	1
Keri, RS	5
Quintanova, C	3
Marques, SM	1
Esteves, AR	2
Cardoso, SM	5
Santos, MA	6
Li, SY	3
Jiang, N	6
Wang, KD	4
Yao, HQ	1
Sun, HB	1
Chen, J	2
Chen, X	2
Prati, F	1
De Simone, A	8
Pinto, A	1
Luo, W	6
Su, YB	2
Hong, C	4
Tian, RG	2
Su, LP	1
Wang, YQ	1
Yue, JJ	1
Wang, CJ	4
Sheng, J	2
Luo, HB	1
Liang, L	1
Pang, Y	7
Li, J	4
Pérez-Peña, J	1
García-Font, N	3
del Pino, J	1
Ramos, E	2
Hadjipavlou-Litina, D	1
Soriano, E	3
Raghuvanshi, DS	1
Singh, KN	1
Thiratmatrakul, S	1
Yenjai, C	1
Waiwut, P	1
Vajragupta, O	1
Reubroycharoen, P	1
Tohda, M	1
Boonyarat, C	1
Fang, X	1
Gou, S	2
Lenhardt, I	1
Huang, Z	4
Chen, Y	12
Pudlo, M	2
Luzet, V	3
Ismaïli, L	10
Tomassoli, I	1
Iutzeler, A	1
Refouvelet, B	5
Djemil, A	1
Montanari, S	2
Bottegoni, G	1
López-Iglesias, B	1
Morales-García, JA	1
Alonso-Gil, S	1
Pérez-Castillo, A	1
Yao, D	1
Zhang, X	4
Miao, H	1
Meng, F	1
Lan, JS	4
Pan, LF	1
Digiacomo, M	1
Chen, Z	1
Wang, S	4
Lapucci, A	1
Macchia, M	1
Yang, X	1
Chu, J	1
Han, Y	9
Dong, G	1
Li, ZR	2
Guo, PP	1
Guzior, N	1
Bajda, M	9
Rakoczy, J	1
Brus, B	4
Gobec, S	9
Malawska, B	12
Wang, X	2
Yu, W	1
Więckowska, A	5
Więckowski, K	3
Sałat, K	2
Czerwińska, P	1
Filipek, B	1
Kanhed, AM	1
Sinha, A	1
Machhi, J	2
Tripathi, A	2
Parikh, ZS	1
Pillai, PP	1
Giridhar, R	1
Yadav, MR	2
Knez, D	7
Coquelle, N	3
Sosič, I	1
Šink, R	1
Brazzolotto, X	8
Mravljak, J	2
Colletier, JP	3
Jończyk, J	6
Czarnecka, K	8
Girek, M	4
Olszewska, P	1
Sikora, J	1
Skibiński, R	5
Gumieniczek, A	1
Shaik, JB	1
Palaka, BK	1
Penumala, M	1
Kotapati, KV	1
Devineni, SR	1
Eadlapalli, S	1
Darla, MM	1
Ampasala, DR	1
Vadde, R	1
Amooru, GD	1
Zha, X	1
Lamba, D	2
Zhang, L	5
Lou, Y	1
Xu, C	1
Kang, D	1
Chen, L	3
Xu, Y	3
Samez, S	1
Pesaresi, A	2
Stojan, J	1
Wang, ZM	3
Li, F	2
Wu, JJ	3
Wang, J	3
Zhang, C	2
Du, QY	1
Chen, LD	1
Wu, WH	1
Liao, SY	1
Yu, LH	1
Liang, XT	1
Zha, GF	1
Zhang, CP	1
Qin, HL	2
Jantan, I	2
Sher, M	2
Amjad, MW	2
Hussain, MA	2
Hussain, Z	1
Bukhari, SN	2
Hayour, H	1
Belfaitah, A	2
Pedraz, J	1
Bouraiou, A	2
Maqbool, M	3
Manral, A	1
Jameel, E	3
Kumar, J	3
Saini, V	1
Shandilya, A	2
Tiwari, M	3
Hoda, N	3
Jayaram, B	3
Meena, P	2
Singh, A	1
Mobashir, M	1
Shidore, M	1
Shingala, K	1
Murumkar, P	1
Sharma, MK	1
Agrawal, N	1
Parikh, Z	1
Pillai, P	1
Osman, W	1
Mohamed, T	1
Sit, VM	1
Vasefi, MS	1
Beazely, MA	1
Rao, PP	1
Hroch, L	2
Benek, O	3
Guest, P	1
Aitken, L	2
Soukup, O	27
Janockova, J	11
Musil, K	1
Dolezal, R	9
Smith, TK	1
Gunn-Moore, F	1
Wang, T	3
Yang, YC	1
Cen, J	2
Xie, SQ	1
Tommonaro, G	1
Vitale, RM	1
Pejin, B	1
Iodice, C	1
Cañadas, S	1
Dighe, SN	1
Deora, GS	2
De la Mora, E	1
Nachon, F	7
Chan, S	1
Parat, MO	1
Ross, BP	2
Leng, J	1
Zhu, K	1
Naeem-Ul-Hassan, M	1
Ahmad, W	1
Li, XM	1
Cai, P	1
Liu, QH	1
Xu, DQ	1
Yang, XL	1
Kołaczkowski, M	2
Bucki, A	2
Godyń, J	7
Marcinkowska, M	1
Zaręba, P	2
Siwek, A	2
Kazek, G	1
Głuch-Lutwin, M	2
Mierzejewski, P	1
Bienkowski, P	1
Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, H	1
Wichur, T	4
Wei, S	1
Chen, W	1
Huangli, Y	1
Wang, L	2
Shen, Y	1
Benchekroun, M	3
Michalska, P	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Aromatherapy for Management of Chemotherapy-induced Symptoms[NCT02670941]	Early Phase 1	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Terminated (stopped due to Slow accrual; Received grant funding for a similar but different study.)
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Double-blind Randomized Trial to Find Optimum Steroid Regimen[NCT01603407]	Phase 3	196 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
The Relation of Genetic Factors, Food Cues, and Self-Regulation With Excess Consumption and Adiposity in Children[NCT03766191]		189 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-10	Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Measures the total distance walked in 6 minutes averaged over all post-baseline follow-up visits through Month 36. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 visits

Forced Vital Capacity

Intervention	meters (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	384.95
Daily Deflazacort	384.17
Intermittent Prednisone	346.81

Forced vital capacity was measured during a spirometry test. Forced expiratory volume (FEV) measures how much air a person can exhale during a forced breath. Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV test. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 visits

Fractional Shortening Percent

Intervention	liters (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	1.4
Daily Deflazacort	1.4
Intermittent Prednisone	1.5

Measured by trans-thoracic echocardiogram and 12-lead ECG. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: 36 months

Heart Rate

Intervention	percentage of fractional shortening (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	33.74
Daily Deflazacort	34.01
Intermittent Prednisone	34.33

Measured by trans-thoracic echocardiogram and 12-lead ECG. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: 36 months

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Percent

Intervention	bpm (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	94.10
Daily Deflazacort	93.52
Intermittent Prednisone	91.65

Measured by trans-thoracic echocardiogram and 12-lead ECG. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: 36 months

North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Score

Intervention	percentage of ejection fraction (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	61.88
Daily Deflazacort	62.65
Intermittent Prednisone	62.45

"The North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) is a 17-item rating scale that is used to measure functional motor abilities in ambulant children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). It is usually used to monitor the progression of the disease and treatment effects.~The activities are graded as follows:~2 - Normal - no obvious modification of activity~1 - Modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another 0 - Unable to achieve independently This scale is ordinal with 34 as the maximum score indicating fully-independent function." (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 visits

Number of Participants Who Tolerated the Regimen

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	23.7
Daily Deflazacort	24.0
Intermittent Prednisone	20.7

The number of participants who completed 36 months of follow-up on the originally assigned dosage (for weight) of study medication. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: 3 years

Participant Body Mass Index

Participant Height

Participant Weight

PR Interval

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Daily Prednisone	36
Daily Deflazacort	36
Intermittent Prednisone	37

Intervention	kilograms/square meter (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	18.9
Daily Deflazacort	18.3
Intermittent Prednisone	18.1

Intervention	centimeters (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	116.8
Daily Deflazacort	115.3
Intermittent Prednisone	119.9

Intervention	kilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	26.3
Daily Deflazacort	24.9
Intermittent Prednisone	26.3

Measured by trans-thoracic echocardiogram and 12-lead ECG. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: 36 months

Quality of Life - Parent

Intervention	milliseconds (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	115.59
Daily Deflazacort	116.87
Intermittent Prednisone	117.90

Quality of life was measured by parent/guardian self-report for all children utilizing the PEDSQL measurement tool. This is a 23-question tool. Scores can range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life for the child. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 12, 24, and 36 visits

Quality of Life- Child

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	64.88
Daily Deflazacort	63.71
Intermittent Prednisone	61.33

Quality of life was measured by child self-report in children age 5 and older utilizing the PEDSQL measurement tool. This is a 23-question tool. Scores can range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 12, 24, and 36 visits

Range of Motion (Goniometry) of Left Ankle

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	67.39
Daily Deflazacort	64.96
Intermittent Prednisone	65.07

Range of motion at the ankle joint in dorsiflexion measured in degrees from plantigrade averaged over all post-baseline visits. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 visits

Range of Motion (Goniometry) of Right Ankle

Intervention	degrees (Mean)
Daily Prednisone	4.39
Daily Deflazacort	3.29
Intermittent Prednisone	2.67

Rise From the Floor Velocity

Intervention	degrees (Mean)
Daily Prednisone	4.05
Daily Deflazacort	2.81
Intermittent Prednisone	2.29

Reciprocal of time to rise from the floor (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 visits

Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Global Satisfaction With Treatment Score

Intervention	rise/sec (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	0.24
Daily Deflazacort	0.24
Intermittent Prednisone	0.18

The TSQM Global Satisfaction with Treatment is a 14-item questionnaire that ranges from 0 - 100 with higher scores indicating better outcomes. (NCT01603407)
Timeframe: Average of Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 visits

Article	Year
Multi-target-directed ligands to combat neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Antioxidants; Binding Sites; Calcium	2008
Tacrines for Alzheimer's disease therapy. III. The PyridoTacrines. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2019, Mar-15, Volume: 166 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Drug Discovery; Humans; Tacrine	2019
Anti-cholinesterase hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease (1998-2018). Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2019, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Drug Design; Humans; Ligands	2019
Triazole derivatives as inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease: Current developments and structure-activity relationships. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2019, Oct-15, Volume: 180 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Resp	2019
Propargylamine-derived multi-target directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2020, 02-01, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Cholinesterases; Humans; L	2020
A review on ferulic acid and analogs based scaffolds for the management of Alzheimer's disease. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, Apr-05, Volume: 215 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor; Coumaric Acids; H	2021
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease: A review (2010-2020). European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, Dec-15, Volume: 226 Topics: Acetamides; Alzheimer Disease; Histone Deacetylase 6; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydrox	2021
Multi-Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs): Promising Coumarin Hybrids for Alzheimer's Disease. Current Alzheimer research, 2021, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Coumarins	2021
Alzheimer's disease therapy based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitor/blocker effects on voltage-gated potassium channels. Metabolic brain disease, 2022, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Potassium Channels, Volt	2022
Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Neurotherapeutic Potential. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2022, Volume: 2022 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Structure-Activity Relat	2022
Recent Developments in Tacrine-based Hybrids as a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Don	2023
Recent Developments in Tacrine-based Hybrids as a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Don	2023
Recent Developments in Tacrine-based Hybrids as a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Don	2023
Recent Developments in Tacrine-based Hybrids as a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Don	2023
A Review on Recent Development of Novel Heterocycles as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Current drug targets, 2023, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; T	2023
A Review on Recent Development of Novel Heterocycles as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Current drug targets, 2023, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; T	2023
A Review on Recent Development of Novel Heterocycles as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Current drug targets, 2023, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; T	2023
A Review on Recent Development of Novel Heterocycles as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Current drug targets, 2023, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; T	2023
Tacrine-Based Hybrids: Past, Present, and Future. International journal of molecular sciences, 2023, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Inju	2023
The chemistry toolbox of multitarget-directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2019, Nov-01, Volume: 181 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Donepezil; Dopamine Agents; Drug Design	2019
Highly Significant Scaffolds to Design and Synthesis Cholinesterase Inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer Agents. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2019, Volume: 19, Issue:19 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors	2019
Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Multitargeting Strategy Based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning. Current pharmaceutical design, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:33 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Drug Repositioning; Galantamine; Humans; Ri	2019
Computational Studies on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: From Biochemistry to Chemistry. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2020, Volume: 20, Issue:14 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Human	2020
Tacrines as Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. V. Recent Developments. Chemical record (New York, N.Y.), 2021, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Cell Line, Tumor; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Molecu	2021
Amyloid-β and tau aggregation dual-inhibitors: A synthetic and structure-activity relationship focused review. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, Mar-15, Volume: 214 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoquinolines; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Curcumin; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or Mo	2021
Multi-Target Drug Design of Anti-Alzheimer's Disease based on Tacrine. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2021, Volume: 21, Issue:15 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors;	2021
Therapeutic Agents in Alzheimer's Disease Through a Multi-targetdirected Ligands Strategy: Recent Progress Based on Tacrine Core. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:27 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Ligands; Molecular Structure; Neuroprotective Agents; Tacrine	2017
Advances toward multifunctional cholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Future medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 9, Issue:15 Topics: Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Don	2017
Recent Developments on Multi-Target-Directed Tacrines for Alzheimer's Disease. I. The Pyranotacrines. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:31 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Antioxidants; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases;	2017
New Tacrines as Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Agents. The (Benzo)Chromeno- PyranoTacrines. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:31 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Antioxidants; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases;	2017
Tacrine-Natural-Product Hybrids for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Current medicinal chemistry, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:26 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Biological Products; Cholinesterase	2020
Multifunctional properties of novel tacrine congeners: cholinesterase inhibition and cytotoxic activity. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Antineoplastic Agents; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cell Line, Tu	2018
Therapeutic Potential of Multifunctional Tacrine Analogues. Current neuropharmacology, 2019, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chol	2019
Tacrines as Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. IV. The Tacripyrines and Related Annulated Tacrines. Chemical record (New York, N.Y.), 2019, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents;	2019
Novel tacrine-related drugs as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2013, Apr-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Molecular Structure; Tacrine	2013
Multifunctional tacrine derivatives in Alzheimer's disease. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2013, Volume: 13, Issue:15 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Calcium Channel Bloc	2013
Multitarget compounds bearing tacrine- and donepezil-like structural and functional motifs for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Progress in neurobiology, 2017, Volume: 151 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Humans; Indans; Ligands; Piperidin	2017
Multitarget Tacrine Hybrids with Neuroprotective Properties to Confront Alzheimer's Disease. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Tacrine	2017
A review on tacrine-based scaffolds as multi-target drugs (MTDLs) for Alzheimer's disease. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2017, Mar-10, Volume: 128 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Humans; Tacrine	2017
Tacrine: In vivo veritas. Pharmacological research, 2017, Volume: 116 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Anticholinergic Syndrome; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine; Un	2017
Novel multitarget-directed tacrine derivatives as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine; tau Proteins	2017
Tacrine-based Multifunctional Agents in Alzheimer's Disease: An Old Story in Continuous Development§. Current medicinal chemistry, 2017, Volume: 24, Issue:32 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chel	2017
Novel anti-Alzheimer's dimer Bis(7)-cognitin: cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection through multiple targets. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2009, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Apoptosis; Calcium Channels	2009
MTDL design strategy in the context of Alzheimer's disease: from lipocrine to memoquin and beyond. Current pharmaceutical design, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Alkanes; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Carbazoles; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Delivery Systems; D	2009
[Progress in the research on multi-target-directed drugs against Alzheimer's disease]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2009, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans;	2009
Tacrine derivatives and Alzheimer's disease. Current medicinal chemistry, 2010, Volume: 17, Issue:17 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; M	2010
New drugs for Alzheimer's disease in Japan. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2011, Volume: 65, Issue:5 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Drug Discovery; Excitatory Amino Acid Antag	2011
Multitarget-directed ligands: innovative chemical probes and therapeutic tools against Alzheimer's disease. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2011, Volume: 11, Issue:22 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alkanes; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors;	2011
Effective pharmacological management of Alzheimer's disease. The American journal of managed care, 2011, Volume: 17 Suppl 13 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Dementia; Disease Progression; Donepezil; G	2011
Effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on attention. Chemico-biological interactions, 2013, Mar-25, Volume: 203, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Arousal; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity;	2013
Design of new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on tacrine structure. Current drug targets, 2013, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dimerization; Drug Design; Humans; Tacrine	2013
[Tacrine and its derivatives in the therapy of Alzheimers disease]. Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:5 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine	2012
Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cholinesterase inhibitors. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2002, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Biological Availability; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil;	2002
Medical treatment of Alzheimer's disease: past, present, and future. Medicine and health, Rhode Island, 2002, Volume: 85, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials a	2002
Peripheral and dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: implications in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2001, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors;	2001
Tacrine-huperzine A hybrids (huprines): a new class of highly potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors of interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2001, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Design; Humans; Models, Molecular; Mol	2001
[Anti-dementia drugs for Alzheimer disease in present and future]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2002, Volume: 120, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Done	2002
Alzheimer's disease: emerging noncholinergic treatments. Geriatrics, 2003, Volume: 58 Suppl Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Cholinesterase Inhib	2003
Dementia. Clinical evidence, 2003, Issue:9 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Carbamates; Donepezil; Galantamine; Ginkgo	2003
[Current therapy of patients with dementia]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, May-26, Volume: 145 Suppl 2 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Controlled Cli	2003
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer's Disease. Current pharmaceutical design, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Donepezil; Galan	2004
[Drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 62 Suppl Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Antidepressive Agents; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors;	2004
Velnacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tacrine	2004
Dementia. Clinical evidence, 2004, Issue:11 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cognition; Dementia; Donepezil; Galantamin	2004
Dementia. Clinical evidence, 2004, Issue:12 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Donepezil; Galantamine; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Indans; Memantine; Nootr	2004
Pharmacologic treatment options in Alzheimer's disease: optimizing disease management. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2005, Volume: Suppl Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Manag	2005
Methodology, results and quality of clinical trials of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of the literature. Age and ageing, 1998, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Nootropic Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tacrine	1998
Dimeric and hybrid anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. Current medicinal chemistry, 2006, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoquinolines; Animals; Binding Sites; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Dis	2006
Dementia. Clinical evidence, 2005, Issue:14 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Benzodiazepines; Dementia; Donepezil; Galantamine; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Indans;	2005
Current and emerging pharmacological treatment options for dementia. Behavioural neurology, 2006, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dementia; Donepezil; Galantamine; Human	2006
[Mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of therapeutic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2006, Volume: 126, Issue:8 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors;	2006
Tacrine, and Alzheimer's treatments. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2006, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Suppl Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine	2006
The application of evidence-based principles of care in older persons (issue 5): Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Evidence-Based Med	2007
WITHDRAWN: Tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007, Jul-18, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Nootropic Agents; Tacrine	2007
East meets West in the search for Alzheimer's therapeutics - novel dimeric inhibitors from tacrine and huperzine A. Current Alzheimer research, 2007, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Mod	2007
Recent developments in cholinesterases inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Current medicinal chemistry, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:25 Topics: Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Binding Sites; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Galantamine; Huma	2007
Possible role of hydroxylated metabolites of tacrine in drug toxicity and therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Current drug metabolism, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Hydro	2008
Measurement of cholinergic drug effects on memory in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of aging, 1983,Summer, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Arecoline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Humans	1983
[Toward a treatment for dementia]. Praxis, 1995, Sep-19, Volume: 84, Issue:38 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dementia; Humans; Middle Aged; Nerve Growth Fact	1995
Tacrine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer's disease. Drugs & aging, 1994, Volume: 4, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Biological Availability; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Hal	1994
Tacrine. Lancet (London, England), 1995, Mar-11, Volume: 345, Issue:8950 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Drug I	1995
Therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease. Current opinion in neurology, 1995, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Nootropic Agents; Ta	1995
Treating Alzheimer's disease. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 1995, Volume: 88, Issue:9 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Nerve Growth Factors; Tacrine	1995
Alzheimer's disease: the role of tacrine therapy. Iowa medicine : journal of the Iowa Medical Society, 1995, Volume: 85, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Patient Selection; Rand	1995
Alzheimer's disease: it's irreversible but not untreatable. Geriatrics, 1995, Volume: 50, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoproteins E; Counseling; Humans; Risk Fac	1995
Tacrine. Alzheimer's disease and the cholinergic theory. A critical review and results of a new therapy. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 1995, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Acetylcholine; Administration, Oral; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Rel	1995
Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrine. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1995, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Drug Interactions; Humans; Tacrine	1995
Treatments for Alzheimer's disease. The Practitioner, 1995, Volume: 239, Issue:1552 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Tacrine	1995
[Alzheimer's disease]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Biomarkers; Humans; Tacrine	1995
[The cholinergic perspectives in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: tacrine]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Middle Aged; Receptors, Cholinergic; Tacr	1995
Public policy and the application of outcomes assessments: paradigms versus politics. Medical care, 1995, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Costs and Cost Analysis; Health Policy; Humans; Medi	1995
Management of Alzheimer's disease. Advances in internal medicine, 1995, Volume: 40 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Tacrine	1995
Dementia: the failing brain. Lancet (London, England), 1995, Jun-10, Volume: 345, Issue:8963 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Dementia, Vascular; Humans; Middle Aged; Parki	1995
Alzheimer's disease and the eye. Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975), 1994, Volume: 90, Issue:11 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Color Perception; Contrast Sensitivity; Electroretinography; Evoked Potentials, V	1994
In vivo detection of neurotransmitter changes in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1993, Sep-24, Volume: 695 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Choline; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Muscar	1993
Mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Acetylcholine; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Fem	1993
Tacrine: first drug approved for Alzheimer's disease. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1994, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Live	1994
Alzheimer's disease. Current opinion in neurology, 1994, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neuropsychologic	1994
The effect of tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. A population pharmacodynamic analysis of five clinical trials. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Phosphatidylch	1994
Development of pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer-type dementia. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1994, Volume: 87 Suppl 23 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinergic Fibers; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tacrine	1994
Tacrine therapy for the dementia of Alzheimer's disease. American family physician, 1994, Sep-15, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Tacrine	1994
Pharmacokinetic studies of cholinesterase inhibitors. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Galantamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physostigmine; Tacri	1993
Pharmacodynamic and early clinical studies with velnacrine. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma	1993
Cholinergic therapy in dementia. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male; Physostigmine; Receptors, Muscar	1993
Side effects of long acting cholinesterase inhibitors. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trial	1993
Tacrine: a pharmacological approach to Alzheimer's disease. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 1994, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholine; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Tacrine	1994
What have we learned from the THA trials to facilitate testing of new AChE inhibitors. Progress in brain research, 1993, Volume: 98 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trial	1993
New Alzheimer's drug expands your options in symptom management. Geriatrics, 1993, Volume: 48, Issue:8 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Antidepressive Agents; Caregivers; Humans; Tacrine	1993
[New studies on Alzheimer's disease. Promising therapeutic results with tacrine]. Lakartidningen, 1993, Apr-21, Volume: 90, Issue:16 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Prognosis; Tacrine; Tomography, Emission-Computed	1993
Clinical heterogeneity: responders to cholinergic therapy. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 1995, Volume: 9 Suppl 2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinergic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; H	1995
[New therapeutic prospects in Alzheimer disease]. La Revue de medecine interne, 1995, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Forecasting; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Tacrine	1995
Advances in pharmacotherapy for decline of memory and cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 1996, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Memory Disorders	1996
[Should Alzheimer disease be treated with tacrine? Review of the literature]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1996, Sep-30, Volume: 116, Issue:23 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine	1996
Current developments in neurology, Part II: Advances in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996, Volume: 30, Issue:12 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anticoagulants; Apomorphine; Aspirin; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cholinergic Agen	1996
Nootropics: preclinical results in the light of clinical effects; comparison with tacrine. Critical reviews in neurobiology, 1996, Volume: 10, Issue:3-4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Humans; Learning; Memory; Nootropic Agents; Piracetam; Tacrine	1996
Alzheimer's disease. Surgical neurology, 1997, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine; Treatment Outcome	1997
Pharmacological treatment of cognitive dysfunction in dementia disorders. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1996, Volume: 168 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Central Nervous System Agents; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitor	1996
A risk-benefit assessment of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug safety, 1997, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Humans; P	1997
New therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1996, Volume: 57 Suppl 14 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Antioxidants; Carbamates; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognitio	1996
Developing treatment guidelines for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1996, Volume: 57 Suppl 14 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior Therapy; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Humans; Me	1996
Dementia in the elderly. Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1997, Volume: 86, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dementia; Donepezil; Female;	1997
Cognition-enhancing drugs in dementia: a guide to the near future. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1997, Volume: 42 Suppl 1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Nootropic Agen	1997
[Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease]. Revista de neurologia, 1997, Volume: 25 Suppl 1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans	1997
Providing dental care for patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Dental clinics of North America, 1997, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Caregivers; Cholinesterase	1997
[Etiology and therapy of Alzheimer's disease--present status and future prospects]. Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica, 1997, Volume: 99, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Biomarkers; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Health	1997
Diffuse Lewy body disease: a common yet misdiagnosed dementia in which neuroleptics may be contraindicated. Tennessee medicine : journal of the Tennessee Medical Association, 1998, Volume: 91, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Contraindications;	1998
[Therapeutic results: tacrine]. Revue medicale de Bruxelles, 1997, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Drug Costs; Humans; Nootropic A	1997
[Therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 1998, Jan-10, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Donepezil; Human	1998
Safety of tacrine: clinical trials, treatment IND, and postmarketing experience. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chi-Squar	1998
Pharmacologic approaches to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 9 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Antioxidants; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition Diso	1998
Psychopharmacology of noncognitive abnormal behaviors in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 9 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior Therapy; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trial	1998
New therapeutic approaches to cognitive impairment. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 11 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Antioxidants; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; D	1998
New cholinergic therapies: treatment tools for the psychiatrist. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 13 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Cholinergic Agents; Cholin	1998
Economic considerations in the treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998, Nov-01, Volume: 55 Suppl 2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cost of Illness; Health Care Costs; Humans; Tacrine	1998
Tacrine treatment of Alzheimer's disease: many expectations, few certainties. Neuropsychobiology, 1998, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nootropic Agen	1998
Cholinesterase inhibition for Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis of the tacrine trials. Dementia Trialists' Collaboration. JAMA, 1998, Nov-25, Volume: 280, Issue:20 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Behavior; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Humans; Mental Status Schedule; N	1998
The therapeutic potential of tacrine. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum, 1998, Volume: 54 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Liver Function Test	1998
An overview of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer disease. Physical therapy, 1998, Volume: 78, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male; Middle	1998
What's new in Alzheimer's disease treatment? Reasons for optimism about future pharmacologic options. Postgraduate medicine, 1999, Volume: 105, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Female; Humans; Indans; Piperidines;	1999
Alzheimer's disease: the advent of effective therapy. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1998, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diagnostic Imaging; Donepezil; Female; Humans; I	1998
Potential effect of tacrine on expenditures for Alzheimer's disease. Medical interface, 1994, Volume: 7, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cost Savings; Data Collection; Drug Costs; Drug Therapy; Home Care Services	1994
Do we have drugs for dementia? No. Archives of neurology, 1999, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dementia; Donepezil; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Indans; Ne	1999
Treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an evaluation of the cholinergic approach. Acta neurologica Belgica, 1999, Volume: 99, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Carbamates; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Choli	1999
An economic perspective on Alzheimer's disease. Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology, 1999,Spring, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; Combi	1999
Molecular modelling and QSAR of reversible acetylcholines-terase inhibitors. Current medicinal chemistry, 2000, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Crystallography, X-Ray; Donepezil; Drug Des	2000
Prospects for pharmacological intervention in Alzheimer disease. Archives of neurology, 2000, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; An	2000
Tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine	2000
[Treatment of Alzheimer's disease]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1997, Volume: 113, Issue:18 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Behavior; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Humans;	1997
Tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Nootropic Agents; Tacrine	2000
Cholinesterase inhibitors stabilize Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000, Volume: 920 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition	2000
Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Drugs, 2001, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cost-Benefit Ana	2001
Use of cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer disease. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2001, Volume: 68, Issue:7 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Galantamine; Humans; Indans; Ph	2001
[Current strategies of pathogenetic therapy of Alzheimer's disease]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk, 2001, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acids; Aminoquinolines; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinic	2001
[Perspectives for drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease]. Annales de medecine interne, 2001, Volume: 152, Issue:8 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Donepezil; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gala	2001
Understanding and managing behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: focus on rivastigmine. Current medical research and opinion, 2002, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognitive Behavioral Therap	2002
Clinical use of cholinomimetic agents: a review. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain Injuries; Carbamates; Clinical Trials as	2002
Putative mechanisms of action of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1992, Volume: 139 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain Chemistry; Dopamine; Humans; Ion Channels; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Choli	1992
Clinical trials in cognitive impairment in the elderly. Aging (Milan, Italy), 1992, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Dementia; Humans; Tacrine	1992
New drug interventions in Alzheimer's disease. Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery, 1992, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Arginine Vasopressin; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; G(M1) Ganglioside; Humans;	1992
Tacrine: a pharmacological review. Progress in neurobiology, 1991, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antidotes; Cholinesterases; Drug Interactions; Hallucinogens; Humans; Io	1991
Assessment issues in clinical trials of tetrahydroaminoacridine and studies to alter decline in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 1991, Volume: 5 Suppl 1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dementia; Humans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Tac	1991
[Tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1991, Aug-31, Volume: 135, Issue:35 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Quality of Life; Tacrine	1991
Tacrine in relation to amino acid transmitters in Alzheimer's disease. Advances in neurology, 1990, Volume: 51 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Tacri	1990
Alternatives in the treatment of memory loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Clinical pharmacy, 1991, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Memory Disorders; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Phosphatidylcholines; Phy	1991
THA, a putative drug in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1990, Volume: 129 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Tacrine	1990
Shifting patterns of cortical cholinesterases in Alzheimer's disease: implications for treatment, diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Advances in neurology, 1990, Volume: 51 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Physostigmine; Tacrine	1990
Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1989, Apr-01, Volume: 298, Issue:6677 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Humans; Tacrine	1989
Multiple actions of THA on cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer brains. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1989, Volume: 317 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Animals; Brain; Humans; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Synaptic Tr	1989
Tacrine, a drug with therapeutic potential for dementia: post-mortem biochemical evidence. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1989, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Brain; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Tacrine	1989
Clinical experience with and side-effects of tacrine hydrochloride in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Age and ageing, 1989, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Middle Age	1989
Alzheimer's disease and THA: a review of the cholinergic theory and of preliminary results. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 1989, Volume: 43, Issue:7 Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Double-Blind Method;	1989
Clinical pharmacology of tetrahydroaminoacridine: a possible therapeutic agent Alzheimer's disease. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1989, Volume: 27, Issue:10 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Humans; Tacrine	1989
Tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A clinical update and recent pharmacologic studies. European neurology, 1989, Volume: 29 Suppl 3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Animals; Male; Mice; Tacrine	1989
[Progress in the studies of the etiology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease]. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1988, Jun-01, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; Do	1988
Update on cholinergic enhancement therapy for Alzheimer disease. Bulletin of clinical neurosciences, 1987, Volume: 52 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Cholinergic Fibers; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Physostigm	1987

Article	Year
A single-center, randomized, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tacrine analogue octahydrogenacridine succinate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:9 Topics: Acridines; Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; China; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans;	2012
Plasma levels of Abeta42 and Abeta40 in Alzheimer patients during treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tacrine. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 2002, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2002
Cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid-beta-amyloid1-42 (CSF-Abeta42), tau and apolipoprotein E genotype in long-term rivastigmine and tacrine treated Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Neuroscience letters, 2003, Feb-27, Volume: 338, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Apolipoprotein E2; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoprotein	2003
Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, prospective study. Fertility and sterility, 2003, Volume: 79, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoproteins E; Body Constitution; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Estrogen Replace	2003
Cholesterol and APOE genotype interact to influence Alzheimer disease progression. Neurology, 2004, May-25, Volume: 62, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins E; Cholesterol; Disease Progression; Dou	2004
Nicotine and sensory memory in Alzheimer's disease: an event-related potential study. Brain and cognition, 2002, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cholinesterase Inh	2002
Measurement of cholinergic drug effects on memory in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of aging, 1983,Summer, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Arecoline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Humans	1983
Tetrahydroaminoacridine modulates technetium-99m labelled ethylene dicysteinate retention in Alzheimer's disease measured with single photon emission computed tomography imaging. Neuroscience letters, 1995, Jul-28, Volume: 195, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Cerebellum; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cysteine; Double-Blind Method	1995
Clinical experiences and biochemical findings with tacrine (THA). Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Administration, Rectal; Alzheimer Disease; Biogenic Monoamines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Double-Blin	1993
Therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease. Current opinion in neurology, 1995, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Nootropic Agents; Ta	1995
Caregiver time use: an outcome measure in clinical trial research on Alzheimer's disease. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1995, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Caregivers; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma	1995
Effectiveness and safety of velnacrine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mentane Study Group. Archives of internal medicine, 1995, Sep-11, Volume: 155, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Double-Blin	1995
Cholinergic neurotransmission, REM sleep and depression. Journal of psychosomatic research, 1994, Volume: 38 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain Stem; Cholinergic Agonists; Cholinergic Fibers; De	1994
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease: pharmacokinetic and clinical comparison of oral and rectal administration. International clinical psychopharmacology, 1994,Winter, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Biological Availability; Fema	1994
Further analysis of the cognitive effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease: assessment of attentional and mnemonic function using CANTAB. Psychopharmacology, 1993, Volume: 110, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Association Learning; Attention; Cognition; Cross-Over S	1993
Alzheimer's disease and caregiver time. Lancet (London, England), 1994, Jan-22, Volume: 343, Issue:8891 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Caregivers; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double-Blind M	1994
Long-term use of tacrine. Lancet (London, England), 1994, Jan-29, Volume: 343, Issue:8892 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Severity of Illness Index; Tacrine; Time Factors	1994
The Clinician Interview-Based Impression (CIBI): a clinician's global change rating scale in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1994, Volume: 44, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Double-Blind Method	1994
Neocortical cholinergic activities differentiate Lewy body dementia from classical Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport, 1994, Mar-21, Volume: 5, Issue:7 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cerebral Cortex; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pa	1994
Pharmacodynamic and early clinical studies with velnacrine. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma	1993
Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease: an assessment of attentional and mnemonic function using CANTAB. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Attention; Cross-Sectional Studies; Double-Blind Meth	1993
Physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149, Issue:Rand Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electr	1993
Clinical trials with velnacrine: (PROPP) the physician reference of predicted probabilities--a statistical model for the estimation of hepatotoxicity risk with velnacrine maleate. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1993, Volume: 149 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholinesterase Inhibit	1993
A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group. JAMA, 1994, Apr-06, Volume: 271, Issue:13 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Femal	1994
Hepatotoxic effects of tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. JAMA, 1994, Apr-06, Volume: 271, Issue:13 Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alzheimer Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Administ	1994
Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: double blind trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1994, Apr-02, Volume: 308, Issue:6933 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Affect; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method;	1994
Delayed matching-to-sample performance during a double-blind trial of tacrine (THA) and lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Life sciences, 1993, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Analysis of Variance; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Phospha	1993
A double-blind crossover pilot study of l-deprenyl (selegiline) combined with cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease. The American journal of psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 150, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Drug Ther	1993
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1993, Mar-18, Volume: 328, Issue:11 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Tacrine	1993
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1993, Mar-18, Volume: 328, Issue:11 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Tacrine	1993
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1993, Mar-18, Volume: 328, Issue:11 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Tacrine	1993
[New studies on Alzheimer's disease. Promising therapeutic results with tacrine]. Lakartidningen, 1993, Apr-21, Volume: 90, Issue:16 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Prognosis; Tacrine; Tomography, Emission-Computed	1993
Serum concentrations of tacrine hydrochloride predict its adverse effects in Alzheimer's disease. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1993, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male;	1993
The target population in phase I clinical trials of cholinergic compounds in Alzheimer disease: the role of the "bridging study". Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 1995,Fall, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	1995
Pupillary response to tropicamide in patients with Alzheimer disease. Ophthalmology, 1996, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male;	1996
Double-blind placebo-controlled study of velnacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Life sciences, 1996, Volume: 58, Issue:21 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, D	1996
Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on response to tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1996, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Combined Modality	1996
The caffeine breath test does not identify patients susceptible to tacrine hepatotoxicity. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 1996, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Alzheimer Disease; Breath Tests; Caffeine; Cholineste	1996
Cardinal features of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a factor-analytic study of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology, 1996, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration	1996
Long-term tacrine treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1996, Jul-27, Volume: 348, Issue:9022 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Parasympathomimetics; Retrospective Studies; Tacrine	1996
Response to tacrine in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type: cerebral perfusion change is related to change in mental status. The International journal of neuroscience, 1996, Volume: 84, Issue:1-4 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Mid	1996
Long-term tacrine (Cognex) treatment: effects on nursing home placement and mortality, Tacrine Study Group. Neurology, 1996, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	1996
Variability in the plasma protein binding of velnacrine (1-hydroxy tacrine hydrochloride). A potential agent for Alzheimer's disease. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 50, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Binding, Compet	1996
Evaluation of tacrine hydrochloride (Cognex) in two parallel-group studies. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1996, Volume: 165 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; H	1996
Mixed-model analysis of incomplete longitudinal data from a high-dose trial of tacrine (Cognex) in Alzheimer's patients. Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics, 1996, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Analysis of Variance; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Lon	1996
Guidelines for the use of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease: clinical application and effectiveness. Johns Hopkins Dementia Research Clinic. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1996,Winter, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Nootropic Agents; Psyc	1996
Efficacy and tolerability of tacrine in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1996, Volume: 44, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Homes for the Aged; Humans	1996
[Should Alzheimer disease be treated with tacrine? Review of the literature]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1996, Sep-30, Volume: 116, Issue:23 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Tacrine	1996
The use of survival analysis techniques in evaluating the effect of long-term tacrine (Cognex) treatment on nursing home placement and mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics, 1996, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Evaluation Studies as Topic; F	1996
The cardinal features of cognitive and noncognitive dysfunction and the differential efficacy of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease patients. Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics, 1996, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male;	1996
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic disposition of tacrine in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 1996, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Biological Availability; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Hum	1996
Apolipoprotein E genotype and gender influence response to tacrine therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1996, Dec-16, Volume: 802 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins E; Double-Blind Method; Female; Genotype	1996
Velnacrine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Mentane Study Group. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 1996, Volume: 103, Issue:8-9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition Disorders; D	1996
The ability of THA treatment to increase cortical alpha waves is related to apolipoprotein E genotype of Alzheimer disease patients. Psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 129, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Alpha Rhythm; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoproteins E; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double-Blind Me	1997
The presence of leuko-araiosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease predicts poor tolerance to tacrine, but does not discriminate responders from non-responders. Age and ageing, 1997, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Demyelinating Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Female; Geria	1997
Frontal dysfunction blocks the therapeutic effect of THA on attention in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport, 1997, May-27, Volume: 8, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Atrophy; Attention; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cholinesterase Inhibitors;	1997
Effect of tacrine on language, praxis, and noncognitive behavioral problems in Alzheimer disease. Archives of neurology, 1997, Volume: 54, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Language; Male; Memory; Mid	1997
Combined tacrine and estrogen replacement therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1997, Sep-26, Volume: 826 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoproteins E; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors;	1997
THA disrupts mismatch negativity in Alzheimer disease. Psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 133, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Evoked Potentials, A	1997
Potential role for estrogen replacement in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. The American journal of medicine, 1997, Sep-22, Volume: 103, Issue:3A Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Estrog	1997
[Advantages in long-term treatment with Cognex in Alzheimer disease]. Praxis, 1997, Aug-27, Volume: 86, Issue:35 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Dose-Response Relationship,	1997
Tetrahydroaminoacridine improves the recency effect in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Amygdala; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins E; Cerebrovascular Circulation	1998
Long-term tacrine treatment effects. Neurology, 1998, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Nootropic Age	1998
Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1998, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins E; Cholinesterase Inhib	1998
Differential neuropsychiatric symptom responses to tacrine in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to dementia severity. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1998,Winter, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Behavior; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Dose-Response Relationship,	1998
Caffeine based measures of CYP1A2 activity correlate with oral clearance of tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Caffeine; Cholinesterase Inhibitor	1998
Effect of gender and apolipoprotein E genotype on response to anticholinesterase therapy in Alzheimer's disease. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 13, Issue:9 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoproteins E; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Female; Galant	1998
Longitudinal changes in quantitative EEG during long-term tacrine treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience letters, 1998, Sep-25, Volume: 254, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Beta Rhythm; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Delta Rhythm; Electroencephalograph	1998
The pharmacological effects of ginkgo biloba, a plant extract, on the brain of dementia patients in comparison with tacrine. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Dementia, Vascular; Electroencephalography; Femal	1998
THA improves word priming and clonidine enhances fluency and working memory in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method;	1999
Assessing individual patients for cognitive benefits from acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 1999, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Status S	1999
Combined glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphism and tacrine hepatotoxicity. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alleles; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutathione T	2000
Acute nicotine administration in Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory EEG study. Neuropsychobiology, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alpha Rhythm; Alzheimer Disease; Beta Rhythm; Brain M	2000
Pharmaco-EEG test dose response predicts cholinesterase inhibitor treatment outcome in Alzheimer's disease. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Ta	2000
The apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and the response to tacrine therapy in Alzheimer's disease. European journal of neurology, 2000, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins E; Cholinest	2000
Tacrine and rate of progression in Alzheimer's disease--relation to ApoE allele genotype. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2001, Volume: 108, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alleles; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins E; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D	2001
Safety and efficacy of idebenone versus tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group multicenter study. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2002, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Antioxidants; Benzoquinones; Double-Blind Method;	2002
Acute nicotine effects on auditory sensory memory in tacrine-treated and nontreated patients with Alzheimer's disease: an event-related potential study. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2002, Volume: 72, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Analysis of Variance; Cross-Over S	2002
Effects of acute nicotine administration on cognitive event-related potentials in tacrine-treated and non-treated patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychobiology, 2002, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Ev	2002
Treatment for Alzheimer's disease? The New England journal of medicine, 1992, Oct-29, Volume: 327, Issue:18 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Tacrine	1992
A controlled trial of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group. JAMA, 1992, Nov-11, Volume: 268, Issue:18 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Status Sch	1992
A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Collaborative Study Group. The New England journal of medicine, 1992, Oct-29, Volume: 327, Issue:18 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Middle Aged; Psychologic	1992
Effects of a single dose of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor velnacrine on recognition memory and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology, 1992, Volume: 108, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Double-B	1992
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1992, Volume: 139 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle	1992
Clinical trials in cognitive impairment in the elderly. Aging (Milan, Italy), 1992, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Dementia; Humans; Tacrine	1992
Implications of the study population in the early evaluation of anticholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1992, Volume: 26, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Adm	1992
Methodologic aspects of a population pharmacodynamic model for cognitive effects in Alzheimer patients treated with tacrine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1992, Dec-01, Volume: 89, Issue:23 Topics: Algorithms; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; France; Humans; Methods; Models, Biol	1992
Results and validation of a population pharmacodynamic model for cognitive effects in Alzheimer patients treated with tacrine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1992, Dec-01, Volume: 89, Issue:23 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; France; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Models, Bio	1992
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Time course of changes in cognitive function and practice effects. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1992, Volume: 160 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Attention; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Admi	1992
SPECT brain imaging in Alzheimer's disease during treatment with oral tetrahydroaminoacridine and lecithin. Clinical nuclear medicine, 1992, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Amphetamines; Brain; Cerebrovascul	1992
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1991, Apr-27, Volume: 337, Issue:8748 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aptitude Tests; Doubl	1991
Pretreatment postural blood pressure drop as a possible predictor of response to the cholinesterase inhibitor velnacrine (HP 029) in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1991, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypotension	1991
Do blood pressure and age predict response to tacrine (THA) in Alzheimer's disease? A preliminary report. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1991, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Male; Middle	1991
Evaluation of HP 029 (velnacrine maleate) in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1991, Volume: 640 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Ag	1991
Discrimination of tetrahydroaminoacridine responders by a single dose pharmaco-EEG in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience letters, 1991, Jun-10, Volume: 127, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Analysis of Variance; Electroencephalography; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Tac	1991
Effect of tetrahydroaminoacridine on cognition, function and behaviour in Alzheimer's disease. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 1991, Jan-01, Volume: 144, Issue:1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cogniti	1991
Tacrine as a treatment for Alzheimer's dementia: editor's note. An interim report from the FDA. A response from Summers et al. The New England journal of medicine, 1991, 01-31, Volume: 324, Issue:5 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Research Design; Tacrine; Unit	1991
Tetrahydroaminoacridine and lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Effect on cognition, functioning in daily life, behavioural disturbances and burden experienced by the carers. Journal of neurology, 1991, Volume: 238, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Behavior; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholine	1991
Alternatives in the treatment of memory loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Clinical pharmacy, 1991, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Memory Disorders; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Phosphatidylcholines; Phy	1991
Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicentre trial. Groupe Français d'Etude de la Tetrahydroaminoacridine. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1990, Feb-24, Volume: 300, Issue:6723 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Behavior; Chemical and Drug Induced Live	1990
Tetrahydroaminoacridine-lecithin combination treatment in patients with intermediate-stage Alzheimer's disease. Results of a Canadian double-blind, crossover, multicenter study. The New England journal of medicine, 1990, May-03, Volume: 322, Issue:18 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Cholinesterase Inh	1990
Multiple dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerance of velnacrine (HP 029) in healthy elderly subjects: a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 30, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Half-L	1990
Clinical safety, tolerance, and plasma levels of the oral anticholinesterase 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-oL-maleate (HP 029) in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 30, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Double-Blind Metho	1990
Therapeutic trials using tacrine and other cholinesterase inhibitors. Advances in neurology, 1990, Volume: 51 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind	1990
Treatment of Alzheimer's disease with short- and long-term oral THA and lecithin: a double-blind study. The American journal of psychiatry, 1990, Volume: 147, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy	1990
Oral tetrahydroaminoacridine in long-term treatment of senile dementia, Alzheimer type. The New England journal of medicine, 1986, Nov-13, Volume: 315, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blin	1986
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1989, Jul-15, Volume: 2, Issue:8655 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind M	1989
Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1989, Aug-05, Volume: 2, Issue:8658 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Tacr	1989
The effect of food on the bioavailability of velnacrine (HP 029) in healthy elderly men: a potential Alzheimer agent. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 29, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Biological Availability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liqu	1989
Canadian collaborative study of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and lecithin treatment of Alzheimer's disease: effect on mood. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1989, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Dis	1989
Progress report on the Canadian Multicentre Trial of tetrahydroaminoacridine with lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1989, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Canada; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug C	1989
Alzheimer's disease and THA: a review of the cholinergic theory and of preliminary results. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 1989, Volume: 43, Issue:7 Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Double-Blind Method;	1989
Single dose safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of HP 029 in healthy young men: a potential Alzheimer agent. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Huma	1989
FDA queries Alzheimer's trial results. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1988, Feb-26, Volume: 239, Issue:4843 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1988
Alzheimer's drug trial put on hold. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1987, Nov-20, Volume: 238, Issue:4830 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aminoacridines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Tacrine	1987

tacrine and Acute Confusional Senile Dementia

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (813)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

6 Minute Walk Test

Forced Vital Capacity

Fractional Shortening Percent

Heart Rate

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Percent

North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Score

Number of Participants Who Tolerated the Regimen

Participant Body Mass Index

Participant Height

Participant Weight

PR Interval

Quality of Life - Parent

Quality of Life- Child

Range of Motion (Goniometry) of Left Ankle

Range of Motion (Goniometry) of Right Ankle

Rise From the Floor Velocity

Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Global Satisfaction With Treatment Score

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Prednisone	71.2
Daily Deflazacort	67.8
Intermittent Prednisone	65.1