suramin and Disease Models, Animal studies

Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.
suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.

Disease Models, Animal: Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The objective is to analyze the antiangiogenic mechanism of suramab, a pharmaceutical compound of bevacizumab and suramin, in a rabbit model of corneal angiogenesis."	7.88	Corneal Neovascularization: A Combined Approach of Bevacizumab and Suramin Showed Increased Antiangiogenic Effect Through Downregulation of BFGF and P ( Croxatto, JO; Gallo, JE; Lopez, ES; Ortiz, GA; Potilinski, C, 2018)
"To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival injection of suramin on corneal neovascularization in rabbits."	7.76	The effect of subconjunctival suramin on corneal neovascularization in rabbits. ( Chung, SK; Lee, HS, 2010)
" This study was carried out to evaluate if inhibited angiogenesis by Suramin injections in early pregnancy may cause a condition resembling pre-eclampsia in rats."	7.73	Placental dysfunction in Suramin-treated rats--a new model for pre-eclampsia. ( Eriksson, UJ; Jansson, L; Lindeberg, S; Naessén, T; Nash, P; Olovsson, M; Wentzel, P, 2005)
"We have examined the reversibility of the biochemical and pathological changes induced in the spleen, kidney and lung of the suramin-treated rat which we have previously proposed as a useful model of the human condition, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS)."	7.67	The suramin-treated rat as a model of mucopolysaccharidosis. Variation in the reversibility of biochemical and morphological changes among different organs. ( Brady, RO; Constantopoulos, G; Rees, S, 1986)
"Treatment with suramin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) restored sociability in the three-chamber apparatus and decreased anxiety measured by elevated plus maze apparatus, but had no impact on decreased reciprocal social interactions or higher nociceptive threshold in VPA rats."	5.56	Effects of single-dose antipurinergic therapy on behavioral and molecular alterations in the valproic acid-induced animal model of autism. ( Bambini-Junior, V; Bauer-Negrini, G; Brum Schwingel, G; Carello-Collar, G; Castillo, ARG; Corrêa-Velloso, J; Deckmann, I; Fontes-Dutra, M; Gonçalves, MCB; Gottfried, C; Hirsch, MM; Körbes-Rockenbach, M; Naaldijk, Y; Rabelo, B; Santos-Terra, J; Schneider, T; Staevie, GZ; Ulrich, H, 2020)
" Suramin did not alter the dose-response curve of cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro."	5.43	Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. ( Arteel, GE; Beverly, LJ; Casson, L; Doll, MA; Dupre, TV; Jenson, AB; Kiefer, A; Megyesi, J; Saforo, D; Saurabh, K; Scherzer, MT; Schnellmann, RG; Shah, PP; Sharp, CN; Siow, D; Siskind, LJ, 2016)
"Suramin is a compound that inhibits the interaction of several cytokines and growth factors with their receptors, but whether suramin inhibits the progression of renal fibrosis is unknown."	5.37	Suramin inhibits renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. ( Liu, N; Pang, M; Ponnusamy, M; Tolbert, E; Yan, H; Zhuang, S, 2011)
"Suramin- and saline-treated (control) mdx mice performed exercise on a treadmill to worsen disease progression."	5.37	Prevention of muscle fibrosis and myonecrosis in mdx mice by suramin, a TGF-β1 blocker. ( Marques, MJ; Matsumura, CY; Pertille, A; Santo Neto, H; Taniguti, AP, 2011)
"A dose-dependent decrease in infarct volume (slope -0."	5.31	Suramin reduces infarct volume in a model of focal brain ischemia in rats. ( Jones, SC; Kharlamov, A; Kim, DK, 2002)
"The suramin-treated rat may be a useful experimental animal model of mucopolysaccharidosis."	5.26	Experimental animal model for mucopolysaccharidosis: suramin-induced glycosaminoglycan and sphingolipid accumulation in the rat. ( Barranger, JA; Brady, RO; Constantopoulos, G; Cragg, BG; Rees, S, 1980)
"The objective is to analyze the antiangiogenic mechanism of suramab, a pharmaceutical compound of bevacizumab and suramin, in a rabbit model of corneal angiogenesis."	3.88	Corneal Neovascularization: A Combined Approach of Bevacizumab and Suramin Showed Increased Antiangiogenic Effect Through Downregulation of BFGF and P ( Croxatto, JO; Gallo, JE; Lopez, ES; Ortiz, GA; Potilinski, C, 2018)
" In this study, a new semi-synthetic berberine analogue, 5,6-didehydro-8,8-diethyl-13-oxodihydroberberine chloride (1), showed nanomolar level potency against in vitro models of leishmaniasis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis as well as activity in an in vivo visceral leishmaniasis model."	3.77	Potent antiprotozoal activity of a novel semi-synthetic berberine derivative. ( Anklin, C; Bahar, M; Deng, Y; Doskotch, RW; Drew, ME; Gil, RR; He, S; Kinghorn, AD; Navarro-Vázquez, A; Pandharkar, T; Werbovetz, KA; Zhu, X, 2011)
" To determine whether suramin, an antagonist of TGF-β, could aid in the prevention of fibrosis, we injected it into the anterior tibialis muscle [12 rabbits received low-dose suramin (50 mg), 12 received high-dose suramin (100 mg), and 12 received sham injections]."	3.77	Distraction osteogenesis-induced muscle fibrosis may not be associated with TGF-β1. ( Koplin, SA; McCarthy, J; Mitchell, J; Noonan, KJ; Olabisi, R; Salamat, S; Su, L; Torrealba, J, 2011)
"To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival injection of suramin on corneal neovascularization in rabbits."	3.76	The effect of subconjunctival suramin on corneal neovascularization in rabbits. ( Chung, SK; Lee, HS, 2010)
"The blood pressure of the pregnant Suramin-treated rats successively increased during pregnancy and differed by 17 mmHg at gestational day 20 compared with the pregnant control rats."	3.75	Angiogenesis inhibition causes hypertension and placental dysfunction in a rat model of preeclampsia. ( Carlström, M; Eriksson, UJ; Persson, AE; Skøtt, O; Wentzel, P, 2009)
" The effect of the P2 antagonists, suramin and PPADS, on the extent of oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization was analyzed."	3.74	Involvement of purinergic P2 receptors in experimental retinal neovascularization. ( Croxatto, JO; Gallo, JE; Kvanta, A; Mancini, J; Sarman, S; van der Ploeg, I, 2008)
" This study was carried out to evaluate if inhibited angiogenesis by Suramin injections in early pregnancy may cause a condition resembling pre-eclampsia in rats."	3.73	Placental dysfunction in Suramin-treated rats--a new model for pre-eclampsia. ( Eriksson, UJ; Jansson, L; Lindeberg, S; Naessén, T; Nash, P; Olovsson, M; Wentzel, P, 2005)
" We have evaluated the antiviral effect of the sulfated polysaccharides, suramin, pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and PI-88, which are currently approved or in trial for clinical use, against dengue virus (DEN) and the encephalitic flaviviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus."	3.73	Antiviral effect of the heparan sulfate mimetic, PI-88, against dengue and encephalitic flaviviruses. ( Freeman, C; Lee, E; Lobigs, M; Pavy, M; Young, N, 2006)
"We have examined the reversibility of the biochemical and pathological changes induced in the spleen, kidney and lung of the suramin-treated rat which we have previously proposed as a useful model of the human condition, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS)."	3.67	The suramin-treated rat as a model of mucopolysaccharidosis. Variation in the reversibility of biochemical and morphological changes among different organs. ( Brady, RO; Constantopoulos, G; Rees, S, 1986)
"Suramin is a newer agent employed in the management of prostate cancer."	2.68	Suramin as adjuvant therapy with radical prostatectomy. ( Chou, P; Guinan, P; Ray, V; Rubenstein, M; Saffrin, R; Shaw, M, 1996)
"The DAT KD/BPM model of mania therefore exhibits high levels of face-, construct-, and predictive-validity for the pre-clinical assessment of putative anti-mania drugs."	1.62	Chronic nicotine, but not suramin or resveratrol, partially remediates the mania-like profile of dopamine transporter knockdown mice. ( Ji, B; Kwiatkowski, MA; Roberts, BZ; van Enkhuizen, J; Young, JW; Zhou, X, 2021)
"Treatment with suramin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) restored sociability in the three-chamber apparatus and decreased anxiety measured by elevated plus maze apparatus, but had no impact on decreased reciprocal social interactions or higher nociceptive threshold in VPA rats."	1.56	Effects of single-dose antipurinergic therapy on behavioral and molecular alterations in the valproic acid-induced animal model of autism. ( Bambini-Junior, V; Bauer-Negrini, G; Brum Schwingel, G; Carello-Collar, G; Castillo, ARG; Corrêa-Velloso, J; Deckmann, I; Fontes-Dutra, M; Gonçalves, MCB; Gottfried, C; Hirsch, MM; Körbes-Rockenbach, M; Naaldijk, Y; Rabelo, B; Santos-Terra, J; Schneider, T; Staevie, GZ; Ulrich, H, 2020)
" Suramin did not alter the dose-response curve of cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro."	1.43	Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. ( Arteel, GE; Beverly, LJ; Casson, L; Doll, MA; Dupre, TV; Jenson, AB; Kiefer, A; Megyesi, J; Saforo, D; Saurabh, K; Scherzer, MT; Schnellmann, RG; Shah, PP; Sharp, CN; Siow, D; Siskind, LJ, 2016)
"DSL-6A/C1 pancreatic cancers were implanted in the pancreas of 109 Lewis rats."	1.40	Non-invasive quantification of anti-angiogenic therapy by contrast-enhanced MRI in experimental pancreatic cancer. ( Buhr, HJ; Fischer, S; Hotz, B; Hotz, HG; Raatschen, HJ; Schoenfeld, CO; Zsivcsec, B, 2014)
"Suramin was also effective in blocking CG-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, expression of several inflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of macrophages in the peritoneum."	1.40	Suramin inhibits the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis. ( Fang, L; Liu, N; Xiong, C; Yan, H; Zhuang, S, 2014)
"The parasitemia was monitored daily through blood smear, and the treatment of all groups was performed three days post-infection (PI), when all mice showed increased parasitemia."	1.39	Susceptibility of Brazilian isolates of Trypanosoma evansi to suramin sodium: test in experimentally infected mice. ( Da Silva, AS; Faccio, L; Gressler, LT; Lazzarotto, CR; Miletti, LC; Monteiro, SG; Tonin, AA, 2013)
"We conclude that in preeclampsia, the decrease of relaxation responses and the decrease of cGMP content could be due to the reduction in stimulation of sGC and the decrease in cGMP levels."	1.39	Investigation of the role of the NO-cGMP pathway on YC-1 and DEA/NO effects on thoracic aorta smooth muscle responses in a rat preeclampsia model. ( Bagcivan, I; Karadas, B; Parlak, M; Temiz, TK; Turgut, B; Turgut, NH, 2013)
"Portal hypertension was induced by PVL (portal vein ligation) in Sprague-Dawley rats."	1.37	Propranolol modulates the collateral vascular responsiveness to vasopressin via a G(α)-mediated pathway in portal hypertensive rats. ( Chang, CC; Chuang, CL; Huang, HC; Huo, TI; Lee, FY; Lee, JY; Lee, SD; Lin, HC; Wang, SS, 2011)
"Corneal neovascularization was induced in three groups of nine white New Zealand rabbits, applying a filter paper disk soaked in 1 M NaOH on the central cornea (Ormerod et al."	1.37	Suramab, a novel antiangiogenic agent, reduces tumor growth and corneal neovascularization. ( Croxatto, JO; Gallo, JE; Lopez, ES; Mazzolini, G; Rizzo, MM, 2011)
"Suramin is a compound that inhibits the interaction of several cytokines and growth factors with their receptors, but whether suramin inhibits the progression of renal fibrosis is unknown."	1.37	Suramin inhibits renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. ( Liu, N; Pang, M; Ponnusamy, M; Tolbert, E; Yan, H; Zhuang, S, 2011)
"Suramin- and saline-treated (control) mdx mice performed exercise on a treadmill to worsen disease progression."	1.37	Prevention of muscle fibrosis and myonecrosis in mdx mice by suramin, a TGF-β1 blocker. ( Marques, MJ; Matsumura, CY; Pertille, A; Santo Neto, H; Taniguti, AP, 2011)
"During the first stage of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is found mainly in the blood, and pentamidine treatment is used."	1.35	Pentamidine movement across the murine blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: effect of trypanosome infection, combination therapy, P-glycoprotein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein. ( De Koning, HP; Dogruel, M; Rodgers, J; Sanderson, L; Thomas, SA, 2009)
"Suramin was administered by using an osmotic pump attached to an intrathecal catheter."	1.32	Suramin inhibits spinal cord microglia activation and long-term hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection. ( Light, AR; Maixner, W; Willcockson, HH; Wu, Y, 2004)
" In vivo experiments in mice with selected isolates showed that the isolate most resistant to suramin was not cured at a dosage of 10 mg/kg, while the isolate that was most resistant to antrycide showed only 50% cure rate at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg."	1.32	Resistance to drug by different isolates Trypanosoma evansi in China. ( Liao, D; Lin, J; Shen, J; Zhou, J; Zhou, Y, 2004)
"A dose-dependent decrease in infarct volume (slope -0."	1.31	Suramin reduces infarct volume in a model of focal brain ischemia in rats. ( Jones, SC; Kharlamov, A; Kim, DK, 2002)
"Micrometastases were identified in bone and liver 1 day after inoculation and grew to form established metastatic foci in all embryos."	1.30	A chick embryo model for metastatic human prostate cancer. ( Endo, Y; Imao, T; Kobayashi, T; Koshida, K; Namiki, M; Sasaki, T; Uchibayashi, T, 1998)
"Since human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expresses abundant epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and proliferates in an autocrine and paracrine manner, it was expected that suramin inhibits tumor growth by disrupting EGFR."	1.30	Effect of suramin on human esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ( Kamikawa, Y; Naomoto, Y; Orita, K; Shin, R; Tanaka, N, 1997)
"Suramin-treated wounds showed a decrease of cells and delay in fibroblast maturation."	1.30	A mouse model to study the wound healing response following filtration surgery. ( Chévez-Barrios, P; Lieberman, MW; Mietz, H, 1998)
"Chemotherapy for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is unreliable because of resistance, refraction and toxic and adverse side-effects."	1.30	Megazol combined with suramin: a chemotherapy regimen which reversed the CNS pathology in a model of human African trypanosomiasis in mice. ( Bouteille, B; Chauvière, G; Dumas, M; Enanga, B; Keita, M, 1998)
"Suramin pretreatment of Pekin ducklings completely prevented DHBV infection."	1.29	Suramin prevents duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo. ( Blum, HE; Gerok, W; Offensperger, S; Offensperger, WB; Walter, E, 1993)
"Suramin is an antitrypanosomal compound with confirmed efficacy against several human malignancies."	1.29	Stimulation of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by suramin on the VX2 model. ( Bonnay, M; Gouyette, A; Juliéron, M; Koscielny, S; Munck, JN; Ramirez, LH; Zhao, Z, 1995)
"Suramin was administered at 20 mg/kg/week from the 10th till the 16th week after infection."	1.28	Treatment of bovine leukaemia virus-infected sheep with suramin: an animal model for the development of antiretroviral compounds. ( Burkhardt, H; De Clercq, E; Karge, E; Rosenthal, HA; Rosenthal, S, 1989)
"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is often the terminal event for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome."	1.27	Efficacy of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine in a rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ( Clarkson, AB; Rosenberg, C; Williams, DE, 1988)
"The suramin-treated rat may be a useful experimental animal model of mucopolysaccharidosis."	1.26	Experimental animal model for mucopolysaccharidosis: suramin-induced glycosaminoglycan and sphingolipid accumulation in the rat. ( Barranger, JA; Brady, RO; Constantopoulos, G; Cragg, BG; Rees, S, 1980)

Research

Studies (91)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	12 (13.19)	18.7374
1990's	14 (15.38)	18.2507
2000's	26 (28.57)	29.6817
2010's	33 (36.26)	24.3611
2020's	6 (6.59)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Gillingwater, K	1
Kumar, A	1
Anbazhagan, M	1
Boykin, DW	1
Tidwell, RR	1
Brun, R	2
Bahar, M	1
Deng, Y	1
Zhu, X	1
He, S	1
Pandharkar, T	1
Drew, ME	1
Navarro-Vázquez, A	1
Anklin, C	1
Gil, RR	1
Doskotch, RW	1
Werbovetz, KA	1
Kinghorn, AD	1
Seebacher, W	1
Wolkinger, V	1
Faist, J	1
Kaiser, M	1
Saf, R	1
Bucar, F	1
Gröblacher, B	1
Brantner, A	1
Merino, V	1
Kalia, Y	1
Scapozza, L	1
Perozzo, R	1
Weis, R	1
Abrams, RPM	1
Yasgar, A	1
Teramoto, T	1
Lee, MH	1
Dorjsuren, D	1
Eastman, RT	1
Malik, N	1
Zakharov, AV	1
Li, W	1
Bachani, M	1
Brimacombe, K	1
Steiner, JP	1
Hall, MD	1
Balasubramanian, A	1
Jadhav, A	1
Padmanabhan, R	1
Simeonov, A	1
Nath, A	1
Hirsch, MM	1
Deckmann, I	1
Santos-Terra, J	1
Staevie, GZ	1
Fontes-Dutra, M	1
Carello-Collar, G	1
Körbes-Rockenbach, M	1
Brum Schwingel, G	1
Bauer-Negrini, G	1
Rabelo, B	1
Gonçalves, MCB	1
Corrêa-Velloso, J	1
Naaldijk, Y	1
Castillo, ARG	1
Schneider, T	1
Bambini-Junior, V	1
Ulrich, H	1
Gottfried, C	1
Khanra, S	1
Juin, SK	1
Jawed, JJ	1
Ghosh, S	1
Dutta, S	1
Nabi, SA	1
Dash, J	1
Dasgupta, D	1
Majumdar, S	1
Banerjee, R	1
Yamamoto, S	1
Matsuo, K	1
Sakai, S	1
Mishima, I	1
Hara, Y	1
Oiso, N	1
Kawada, A	1
Yoshie, O	1
Nakayama, T	2
Ndung'u, K	1
Murilla, GA	1
Thuita, JK	1
Ngae, GN	1
Auma, JE	1
Gitonga, PK	1
Thungu, DK	1
Kurgat, RK	1
Chemuliti, JK	1
Mdachi, RE	1
Kwiatkowski, MA	1
Roberts, BZ	1
van Enkhuizen, J	1
Ji, B	1
Zhou, X	1
Young, JW	1
Zhang, F	1
Su, X	1
Huang, G	1
Xin, XF	1
Cao, EH	1
Shi, Y	1
Song, Y	1
Lopez, ES	2
Ortiz, GA	1
Potilinski, C	1
Croxatto, JO	3
Gallo, JE	3
Naviaux, RK	2
Zolkipli, Z	1
Wang, L	2
Naviaux, JC	2
Le, TP	1
Schuchbauer, MA	2
Rogac, M	1
Tang, Q	1
Dugan, LL	1
Powell, SB	2
De Oliveira Moreira, D	2
Pereira, JA	1
Taniguti, AP	2
Matsumura, CY	2
Ramos, LA	1
Areas, MA	1
Neto, HS	1
Marques, MJ	3
Faccio, L	1
Da Silva, AS	1
Gressler, LT	1
Tonin, AA	1
Lazzarotto, CR	1
Miletti, LC	1
Monteiro, SG	1
Zhang, HP	2
Li, CL	2
Lu, P	1
Zheng, JC	1
Yu, LL	1
Yang, WM	2
Xiong, F	1
Zeng, XY	1
Raatschen, HJ	1
Fischer, S	1
Zsivcsec, B	1
Schoenfeld, CO	1
Hotz, B	1
Buhr, HJ	1
Hotz, HG	1
Korrapati, MC	1
Howell, LA	1
Howell, LH	1
Shaner, BE	1
Megyesi, JK	1
Siskind, LJ	2
Schnellmann, RG	2
Turgut, NH	2
Temiz, TK	2
Turgut, B	2
Karadas, B	2
Parlak, M	1
Bagcivan, I	2
Yang, XL	1
Wang, JJ	1
Du, GH	1
Cauwels, A	1
Rogge, E	1
Vandendriessche, B	1
Shiva, S	1
Brouckaert, P	1
Li, N	1
Lu, ZY	1
Yu, LH	1
Burnstock, G	1
Deng, XM	1
Ma, B	1
Sumi, Y	1
Woehrle, T	1
Chen, Y	1
Bao, Y	1
Li, X	1
Yao, Y	1
Inoue, Y	1
Tanaka, H	1
Junger, WG	1
Li, K	1
Risbrough, VB	1
Rosania, K	1
Xiong, C	1
Liu, N	2
Fang, L	1
Zhuang, S	2
Yan, H	2
Dupre, TV	1
Doll, MA	1
Shah, PP	1
Sharp, CN	1
Kiefer, A	1
Scherzer, MT	1
Saurabh, K	1
Saforo, D	1
Siow, D	1
Casson, L	1
Arteel, GE	1
Jenson, AB	1
Megyesi, J	1
Beverly, LJ	1
Pappas, AC	1
Koide, M	1
Wellman, GC	1
Visovatti, SH	1
Hyman, MC	1
Goonewardena, SN	1
Anyanwu, AC	1
Kanthi, Y	1
Robichaud, P	1
Wang, J	1
Petrovic-Djergovic, D	1
Rattan, R	1
Burant, CF	1
Pinsky, DJ	1
Santo Neto, H	2
Kuo, SC	1
Wang, YM	1
Ho, YJ	1
Chang, TY	1
Lai, ZZ	1
Tsui, PY	1
Wu, TY	1
Lin, CC	1
Gulturk, S	1
Ballok, DA	1
Sakic, B	1
Leng, Y	1
Yamamoto, T	1
Kadowaki, M	1
Kim, JE	2
Kwak, SE	2
Jo, SM	1
Kang, TC	2
Sanderson, L	1
Dogruel, M	1
Rodgers, J	1
De Koning, HP	1
Thomas, SA	1
Sener, M	1
Akhan, S	1
Kazimoglu, C	1
Karapinar, H	1
Tuna, B	1
Cecen, B	1
Carlström, M	1
Wentzel, P	2
Skøtt, O	1
Persson, AE	1
Eriksson, UJ	2
Suadicani, SO	1
Cherkas, PS	1
Zuckerman, J	1
Smith, DN	1
Spray, DC	1
Hanani, M	1
Lee, HS	1
Chung, SK	1
Ganapaty, S	1
Chandrashekhar, VM	1
Narsu, ML	1
Rizzo, MM	1
Mazzolini, G	1
Pertille, A	1
Koplin, SA	1
Su, L	1
Salamat, S	1
Torrealba, J	1
McCarthy, J	1
Mitchell, J	1
Olabisi, R	1
Noonan, KJ	1
Tolbert, E	1
Pang, M	1
Ponnusamy, M	1
Lee, JY	1
Huo, TI	1
Huang, HC	1
Lee, FY	1
Lin, HC	1
Chuang, CL	1
Chang, CC	1
Wang, SS	1
Lee, SD	1
Wenker, IC	1
Sobrinho, CR	1
Takakura, AC	1
Moreira, TS	1
Mulkey, DK	1
Ayata, CK	1
Ganal, SC	1
Hockenjos, B	1
Willim, K	1
Vieira, RP	1
Grimm, M	1
Robaye, B	1
Boeynaems, JM	1
Di Virgilio, F	1
Pellegatti, P	1
Diefenbach, A	1
Idzko, M	1
Hasselblatt, P	1
Kharlamov, A	1
Jones, SC	1
Kim, DK	1
Männer, J	3
Kluth, D	2
Hunziker, EB	1
Driesang, IM	1
Heinicke, F	1
Joseph, EK	1
Chen, X	1
Khasar, SG	1
Levine, JD	1
Wu, Y	1
Willcockson, HH	1
Maixner, W	1
Light, AR	1
Zhou, J	1
Shen, J	1
Liao, D	1
Zhou, Y	1
Lin, J	1
Guicciardi, ME	1
Gores, GJ	1
Doggrell, SA	1
Nash, P	1
Lindeberg, S	1
Naessén, T	1
Jansson, L	1
Olovsson, M	1
Lee, E	1
Pavy, M	1
Young, N	1
Freeman, C	1
Lobigs, M	1
Kim, DS	1
Won, MH	1
Lomax, AE	1
O'Reilly, M	1
Neshat, S	1
Vanner, SJ	1
Sarman, S	1
Mancini, J	1
van der Ploeg, I	1
Kvanta, A	1
Constantopoulos, G	3
Rees, S	3
Cragg, BG	2
Barranger, JA	2
Brady, RO	3
Clarkson, AB	2
Bienen, EJ	1
Bacchi, CJ	1
McCann, PP	1
Nathan, HC	1
Hutner, SH	1
Sjoerdsma, A	1
Chen, SN	1
Ramirez, LH	1
Juliéron, M	1
Bonnay, M	1
Koscielny, S	1
Zhao, Z	1
Gouyette, A	1
Munck, JN	1
Burudi, EM	1
Karanja, SM	1
Njue, AI	1
Githiori, JB	1
Ndung'u, JM	1
Offensperger, WB	1
Offensperger, S	1
Walter, E	1
Blum, HE	1
Gerok, W	1
Gritli, A	1
Septier, D	1
Goldberg, M	1
de Souza, OF	1
Sakamoto, T	1
Kimura, H	1
Koda, RP	1
Gabrielian, K	1
Spee, C	1
Ryan, SJ	1
Saffrin, R	1
Chou, P	1
Ray, V	1
Shaw, M	1
Rubenstein, M	1
Guinan, P	1
Keita, M	2
Bouteille, B	2
Enanga, B	2
Vallat, JM	1
Dumas, M	2
Shin, R	1
Naomoto, Y	1
Kamikawa, Y	1
Tanaka, N	1
Orita, K	1
Mietz, H	1
Chévez-Barrios, P	1
Lieberman, MW	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Koshida, K	1
Endo, Y	1
Imao, T	1
Uchibayashi, T	1
Sasaki, T	1
Namiki, M	1
Chauvière, G	1
Trees, AJ	1
Wood, VL	1
Bronsvoort, M	1
Renz, A	1
Tanya, VN	1
Park, SK	1
Chung, K	1
Chung, JM	1
Fujiyama, C	1
Jones, A	1
Fuggle, S	1
Bicknell, R	1
Cranston, D	1
Harris, AL	1
Russell, JW	1
Gill, JS	1
Sorenson, EJ	1
Schultz, DA	1
Windebank, AJ	1
Lämmler, G	2
Wolf, E	1
Coperman, DB	1
Jennings, FW	1
Mak, JW	1
Lam, PL	1
Choong, MF	1
Suresh, K	1
Burkhardt, H	1
Rosenthal, S	1
Rosenthal, HA	1
Karge, E	1
De Clercq, E	1
Marjomäki, V	1
Salminen, A	1
Williams, DE	1
Rosenberg, C	1
Zuckerman, AJ	1
Herzog, H	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The UCSD Suramin Autism Treatment-1 (SAT1) Trial[NCT02508259]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The full ABC is a 58-item parent rating with five factors: Irritability, Social Withdrawal, Stereotypy, Hyperactivity and Inappropriate Speech. Stereotypy is reported, and scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating worse behavior. A negative difference corresponds to decreased symptoms after treatment. A positive difference corresponds to increased symptoms after treatment. (NCT02508259)
Timeframe: 6 weeks compared to baseline

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS2)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Suramin	-4.0
Saline (Placebo)	1.0

ADOS2 comparison scores are units on a scale of 0-10. A score of 7-10 was required for enrollment. A score of 7-10 is diagnostic for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The higher the score, the more severe the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Scores of 6 and below are considered off the ASD spectrum. (NCT02508259)
Timeframe: 6 weeks compared to baseline

Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Suramin	-1.6
Saline (Placebo)	-0.4

The reported value is the Language sub-score of the ATEC, and the range for the language sub-score is 0-20. The higher the score, the worse the disability. Outcomes were measured at 6 weeks after treatment compared to baseline. A negative difference corresponds to a decrease in language disability, i.e an improvement in speech and language. A positive difference reflects an increase in language disability, i.e. a decrease in speech and language. (NCT02508259)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Expressive Language

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Suramin	-2.0
Saline (Placebo)	-0.2

Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT) scores are normalized for age. Typical language development produces a mean score of 100 with a standard deviation of 15. Outcomes for EOWPVT were expressed as the mean of the child-specific difference before and 6-weeks after treatment. For example, if the 6-week standard EOWPVT score was 59.6 and the baseline score was 63.8, the difference is -4.2 (= 59.6 - 63.8). A decrease in score at 6 weeks would corresponds to a decrease in language performance, while an increase, a positive difference, would reflect an increase. (NCT02508259)
Timeframe: 6 weeks compared to baseline

Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Suramin	-4.2
Saline (Placebo)	2.0

Total repetitive behavior was assessed using the Repetitive behavior questionnaire (RBQ), which has a scale from 0-87. Higher scores correspond to more severe repetitive behavior. Outcomes were analyzed as the difference in the score 6 weeks after treatment compared to baseline. A negative difference corresponds to improved behavior compared to baseline. A positive difference corresponds to worse behavior. (NCT02508259)
Timeframe: 6 weeks compared to baseline

The Clinical Global Impression - Improvement Scale (CGI-I)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Suramin	-3.2
Saline (Placebo)	-0.8

The CGI-I is scale that ranges from 1-7, reflecting the change in core autism behaviors after treatment. 1 is much improved, 4 is unchanged, and 7 is much worse. (NCT02508259)
Timeframe: Overall ASD symptoms at 6 weeks

Article	Year
Suramin: potential in acute liver failure. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2004, Volume: 13, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Suramin	2004
Screening of antiviral drugs for hepadna virus infection in Pekin ducks: a review. Journal of virological methods, 1987, Volume: 17, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ducks; E	1987

Article	Year
In vivo investigations of selected diamidine compounds against Trypanosoma evansi using a mouse model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mice; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Pentamidine; Trypanocida	2009
Potent antiprotozoal activity of a novel semi-synthetic berberine derivative. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2011, May-01, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Berberine; Chlorocebus aethiops; Disease Models, Animal; Inhibitory C	2011
Synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes and their antiprotozoal activities. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2015, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Disease Models, Animal; D	2015
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Artificial Intelligence; Chlorocebus aethiops; Disease Models, Animal; Dr	2020
Effects of single-dose antipurinergic therapy on behavioral and molecular alterations in the valproic acid-induced animal model of autism. Neuropharmacology, 2020, 05-01, Volume: 167 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Autistic Disorder; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Locomotion; Male	2020
In vivo experiments demonstrate the potent antileishmanial efficacy of repurposed suramin in visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020, Volume: 14, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relations	2020
P2X receptor agonist enhances tumor-specific CTL responses through CD70+ DC-mediated Th17 induction. International immunology, 2021, 01-01, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adjuvants, Vaccine; Animals; CD27 Ligand; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Ce	2021
Differential virulence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates does not influence the outcome of treatment with anti-trypanosomal drugs in the mouse model. PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Diminazene; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance; Kenya; Male; Melarsoprol; Mice; Pentam	2020
Chronic nicotine, but not suramin or resveratrol, partially remediates the mania-like profile of dopamine transporter knockdown mice. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 42 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Exploratory Behavior;	2021
Adenosine Triphosphate Promotes Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation and Th17 Cell Polarization in Neutrophilic Asthma. Journal of immunology research, 2017, Volume: 2017 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Allergens; Animals; Apyrase; Asthma; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured;	2017
Corneal Neovascularization: A Combined Approach of Bevacizumab and Suramin Showed Increased Antiangiogenic Effect Through Downregulation of BFGF and P Current eye research, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Bevacizumab; Blotting, Western; Cornea; Corneal Neovascularization; Disease Models, Animal;	2018
Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the poly(IC) mouse model. PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Autistic Disorder; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Typ	2013
Suramin attenuates dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy in the mdx mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle & nerve, 2013, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiomyopathies; Creatine Kinase	2013
Susceptibility of Brazilian isolates of Trypanosoma evansi to suramin sodium: test in experimentally infected mice. Experimental parasitology, 2013, Volume: 134, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Brazil; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Mice; Parasitemia	2013
The function of P2X3 receptor and NK1 receptor antagonists on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats. World journal of urology, 2014, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cyclophosphamide; Cystitis; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonis	2014
Non-invasive quantification of anti-angiogenic therapy by contrast-enhanced MRI in experimental pancreatic cancer. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987), 2014, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizu	2014
Suramin: a potential therapy for diabetic nephropathy. PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:9 Topics: Actins; Animals; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Models,	2013
Investigation of the role of the NO-cGMP pathway on YC-1 and DEA/NO effects on thoracic aorta smooth muscle responses in a rat preeclampsia model. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 91, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Pressure; Cyclic GMP; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relation	2013
Effects of intracavernous injection of P2X3 and NK1 receptor antagonists on erectile dysfunction induced by spinal cord transection in rats. Andrologia, 2015, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Erectile Dysfunction; Ganglia, Spinal; Immunohistochemistry; Inject	2015
Extracellular ATP drives systemic inflammation, tissue damage and mortality. Cell death & disease, 2014, Mar-06, Volume: 5 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis; Apyrase; Cytokines; Disease Mo	2014
Inhibition of G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor induced analgesia in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Molecular pain, 2014, Mar-18, Volume: 10 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2014
Plasma ATP is required for neutrophil activation in a mouse sepsis model. Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2014, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Disease Models, Ani	2014
Reversal of autism-like behaviors and metabolism in adult mice with single-dose antipurinergic therapy. Translational psychiatry, 2014, Jun-17, Volume: 4 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Stem; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Disease Models	2014
Antiparasitic drug reverses neurodevelopmental deficits. Lab animal, 2014, Volume: 43, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Cell Communication; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Disease M	2014
Suramin inhibits the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2014, Volume: 351, Issue:2 Topics: Actins; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Collagen Type I; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; D	2014
Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2016, Feb-01, Volume: 310, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; C	2016
Purinergic signaling triggers endfoot high-amplitude Ca2+ signals and causes inversion of neurovascular coupling after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2016, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Calcium Signaling; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Microcirculation; Microscopy,	2016
Purinergic dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2016, 07-01, Volume: 311, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antigens, CD; Antihypertensive Agents; Apyrase; Arterial	2016
P2Y Muscle & nerve, 2017, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Calcium; Creatine Kinase; Diaphragm; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Exp	2017
Suramin treatment reduces chikungunya pathogenesis in mice. Antiviral research, 2016, Volume: 134 Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Disease Models, Animal; Foot; Mice;	2016
The effect of sildenafil on the altered thoracic aorta smooth muscle responses in rat pre-eclampsia model. European journal of pharmacology, 2008, Jul-28, Volume: 589, Issue:1-3 Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Pressure; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5;	2008
Purine receptor antagonist modulates serology and affective behaviors in lupus-prone mice: evidence of autoimmune-induced pain? Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anxiety; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Body Weight; Cell Shape; Dendr	2008
Alteration of cholinergic, purinergic and sensory neurotransmission in the mouse colon of food allergy model. Neuroscience letters, 2008, Nov-21, Volume: 445, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Capsaicin; Chemokine CCL2; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Electric	2008
Blockade of P2X receptor prevents astroglial death in the dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neurological research, 2009, Volume: 31, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Astrocytes; Cell Death; Cell Shape; Convulsants; Dentate Gyrus; Dise	2009
Pentamidine movement across the murine blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: effect of trypanosome infection, combination therapy, P-glycoprotein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2009, Volume: 329, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Biological Transport; Bl	2009
The effects of suramin in prevention of peritendinous adhesions following flexor tendon injury in a chicken model. Orthopedics, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Chickens; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Suramin; Tendon Injuries; Tissue Adhesion	2008
Angiogenesis inhibition causes hypertension and placental dysfunction in a rat model of preeclampsia. Journal of hypertension, 2009, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Pl	2009
Bidirectional calcium signaling between satellite glial cells and neurons in cultured mouse trigeminal ganglia. Neuron glia biology, 2010, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Carbenoxolone; Cell Communication; Cells, Cultured; Disease Mod	2010
The effect of subconjunctival suramin on corneal neovascularization in rabbits. Cornea, 2010, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevaciz	2010
Evaluation of anti-allergic activity of gossypin and suramin in mast cell-mediated allergy model. Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics, 2010, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Antipruritics; Ascitic Fluid; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Flu	2010
Suramab, a novel antiangiogenic agent, reduces tumor growth and corneal neovascularization. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineo	2011
Prevention of muscle fibrosis and myonecrosis in mdx mice by suramin, a TGF-β1 blocker. Muscle & nerve, 2011, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Creatine Kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fibrosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL;	2011
Distraction osteogenesis-induced muscle fibrosis may not be associated with TGF-β1. Journal of pediatric orthopedics, 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Ankle Joint; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibrosis; Immunohist	2011
Suramin inhibits renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2011, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Actins; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Di	2011
Propranolol modulates the collateral vascular responsiveness to vasopressin via a G(α)-mediated pathway in portal hypertensive rats. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2011, Volume: 121, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Arginine Vasopressin; Collateral Circ	2011
Regulation of ventral surface CO2/H+-sensitive neurons by purinergic signalling. The Journal of physiology, 2012, May-01, Volume: 590, Issue:9 Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Calcium; Carbenoxolo	2012
Purinergic P2Y₂ receptors promote neutrophil infiltration and hepatocyte death in mice with acute liver injury. Gastroenterology, 2012, Volume: 143, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Chemical and Drug Induced	2012
Suramin reduces infarct volume in a model of focal brain ischemia in rats. Experimental brain research, 2002, Volume: 147, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Arteries; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship	2002
A chicken model to study the embryology of cloacal exstrophy. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2003, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Bladder Exstrophy; Chick Embryo; Cloaca; Disease Models, Animal; Microscopy, Electron, Scan	2003
Functional barrier principle for growth-factor-based articular cartilage repair. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2003, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Division; Chondrocytes; Chondrogenesis;	2003
A model for left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages in the chick. Cardiology in the young, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Atrial Appendage; Chickens; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Suramin	2003
Novel mechanism of enhanced nociception in a model of AIDS therapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy in the rat. Pain, 2004, Volume: 107, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Calcium Channel	2004
Suramin inhibits spinal cord microglia activation and long-term hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection. The journal of pain, 2004, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Inje	2004
Resistance to drug by different isolates Trypanosoma evansi in China. Acta tropica, 2004, Volume: 90, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; China; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Parasitic Sensi	2004
Cheating death in the liver. Nature medicine, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Fas Ligand Protein; fas Receptor; Hepatitis; Humans; Liv	2004
Placental dysfunction in Suramin-treated rats--a new model for pre-eclampsia. Placenta, 2005, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Electrolytes; Endothelin-1	2005
The morphogenesis of the exstrophy-epispadias complex: a new concept based on observations made in early embryonic cases of cloacal exstrophy. Anatomy and embryology, 2005, Volume: 210, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Bladder Exstrophy; Bod	2005
Antiviral effect of the heparan sulfate mimetic, PI-88, against dengue and encephalitic flaviviruses. Antiviral research, 2006, Volume: 69, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Line; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation,	2006
The co-treatments of vigabatrin and P2X receptor antagonists protect ischemic neuronal cell death in the gerbil hippocampus. Brain research, 2006, Nov-20, Volume: 1120, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; E	2006
Sympathetic vasoconstrictor regulation of mouse colonic submucosal arterioles is altered in experimental colitis. The Journal of physiology, 2007, Sep-01, Volume: 583, Issue:Pt 2 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic Agents; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists;	2007
Involvement of purinergic P2 receptors in experimental retinal neovascularization. Current eye research, 2008, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Mice; M	2008
Suramin-induced storage disease. Mucopolysaccharidosis. The American journal of pathology, 1983, Volume: 113, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mucopolysaccharidoses	1983
New drug combination for experimental late-stage African trypanosomiasis: DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with suramin. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1984, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eflornithine; Humans; Injections, Intrav	1984
Experimental animal model for mucopolysaccharidosis: suramin-induced glycosaminoglycan and sphingolipid accumulation in the rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1980, Volume: 77, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gly	1980
Chemotherapy of filariasis. International journal of zoonoses, 1981, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Diethylcarbamazine; Disease Models, Animal; Filariasis; Filarioidea; Humans; Levamisole; Su	1981
Stimulation of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by suramin on the VX2 model. Investigational new drugs, 1995, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Division; Disease Models, Animal; Growth Substances; Humans; Ne	1995
Establishment of a partly DFMO-sensitive primate model of Trypanosoma rhodesiense sleeping sickness. Acta tropica, 1995, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eflornithine; Sura	1995
Suramin prevents duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1993, Volume: 37, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; DNA, Viral; Ducks; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck; Hepa	1993
Suramin-induced mucopolysaccharidosis in rat incisor. Cell and tissue research, 1993, Volume: 273, Issue:1 Topics: Ameloblasts; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glycosaminoglycans; Incisor; Lipidoses; Male; Microsco	1993
Inhibition of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy in rabbits by suramin. Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde, 1995, Volume: 209, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Availability; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Fi	1995
Trypanosoma brucei brucei: a long-term model of human African trypanosomiasis in mice, meningo-encephalitis, astrocytosis, and neurological disorders. Experimental parasitology, 1997, Volume: 85, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Choroid Plexus; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Meninges; Meningoencepha	1997
Effect of suramin on human esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1997, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Disease Models, Animal; Dos	1997
A mouse model to study the wound healing response following filtration surgery. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 1998, Volume: 236, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Cornea; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Filtering Surgery; Growth Substances; Immunohistoch	1998
A chick embryo model for metastatic human prostate cancer. European urology, 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone and Bones; Cell Division; Cell Transplantation; Chick Embryo; C	1998
Megazol combined with suramin: a chemotherapy regimen which reversed the CNS pathology in a model of human African trypanosomiasis in mice. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 1998, Volume: 3, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Central Nervous System Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Prec	1998
Animal models--Onchocerca ochengi and the development of chemotherapeutic and chemoprophylactic agents for onchocerciasis. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 1998, Volume: 92 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Cattle; Disease Models, Animal; Filaricides; Ivermectin; Microfilariae; Onchocerca; Onchoce	1998
Effects of purinergic and adrenergic antagonists in a rat model of painful peripheral neuropathy. Pain, 2000, Volume: 87, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy,	2000
Human bladder cancer invasion model using rat bladder in vitro and its use to test mechanisms and therapeutic inhibitors of invasion. British journal of cancer, 2001, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Administration, Intravesical; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Transitiona	2001
Suramin-induced neuropathy in an animal model. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2001, Nov-15, Volume: 192, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Axons; Cell Size; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship	2001
[Chemoprophylactic activity of filaricidal compounds on litomosoides carinii infection of Mastomys natalensis (author's transl)]. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 1977, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Bisbenzimidazole; Diethylcarbamazine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluatio	1977
An evaluation of the bovine -- Onchocerca gibsoni, Onchocerca gutturosa model as a tertiary screen for drugs against Onchocerca volvulus in man. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 1979, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Cattle; Diethylcarbamazine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Filaricides;	1979
Chemotherapy of CNS-trypanosomiasis: combination chemotherapy with a 5-nitroimidazole (MK 436), an arsenical (Cymelarsan) and suramin. Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), 1991, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Arsenicals; Brain Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mice	1991
Antifilarial activity of intravenous suramin and oral diethylcarbamazine citrate on subperiodic Brugia malayi in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata. Journal of helminthology, 1990, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Brugia; Cercopithecidae; Diethylcarbamazine; Disease Models, Animal;	1990
Treatment of bovine leukaemia virus-infected sheep with suramin: an animal model for the development of antiretroviral compounds. Acta virologica, 1989, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Leukemia Vi	1989
Morphological and enzymatic heterogeneity of suramin-induced lysosomal storage disease in some tissues of mice and rats. Experimental and molecular pathology, 1986, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Cathepsin D; Cerebroside-Sul	1986
The suramin-treated rat as a model of mucopolysaccharidosis. Variation in the reversibility of biochemical and morphological changes among different organs. Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology, 1986, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glycosaminoglycans; Kidney; Lung; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Elec	1986
Efficacy of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine in a rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1988, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Dapsone; Diminazene; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Com	1988
Chemotherapeutic studies on Litomosoides carinii infection of Mastomys natalensis. 4. The prophylactic and suppressive activity of suramin. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 1974, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Diethylcarbamazine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Injections, Intradermal; Male;	1974

suramin and Disease Models, Animal