Page last updated: 2024-11-04

sulforaphane and Autism Spectrum Disorder

sulforaphane has been researched along with Autism Spectrum Disorder in 9 studies

sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.
sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Sulforaphane (SF), an isothiocyanate in broccoli, has potential benefits relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through its effects on several metabolic and immunologic pathways."9.41Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ( Connors, SL; Diggins, E; Fahey, JW; Foley, A; Frye, RE; James, SJ; Lee, LC; Liu, H; Melnyk, S; Panjwani, AA; Singh, IN; Singh, K; Zimmerman, AW, 2021)
" Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from a number of cruciferous vegetables, most notably broccoli sprouts, has metabolic effects that in some ways resemble that of fever."7.83Sulforaphane Treatment of Young Men with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ( Singh, K; Zimmerman, AW, 2016)
"Risperidone was started with a daily dose of 0."6.94Sulforaphane as an adjunctive treatment for irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ( Akhondzadeh, S; Amirimoghaddam-Yazdi, Z; Moghaddam, HS; Mohammadi, MR; Momtazmanesh, S, 2020)
"These mechanisms lead to improvement in autism-like symptoms in BTBR mice."5.51Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane ameliorates autism-like symptoms through suppression of Th17 related signaling and rectification of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in periphery and brain of BTBR T+tf/J mice. ( Ahmad, SF; Al-Harbi, NO; Alqahtani, F; Alqinyah, M; Attia, SM; Bakheet, SA; Ibrahim, KE; Nadeem, A, 2019)
" Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from a number of cruciferous vegetables, most notably broccoli sprouts, has metabolic effects that in some ways resemble that of fever."3.83Sulforaphane Treatment of Young Men with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ( Singh, K; Zimmerman, AW, 2016)
"Risperidone was started with a daily dose of 0."2.94Sulforaphane as an adjunctive treatment for irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ( Akhondzadeh, S; Amirimoghaddam-Yazdi, Z; Moghaddam, HS; Mohammadi, MR; Momtazmanesh, S, 2020)
"Early diagnosis and treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pose challenges."2.72Profiles of urine and blood metabolomics in autism spectrum disorders. ( Boonchooduang, N; Chattipakorn, N; Chattipakorn, SC; Likhitweerawong, N; Louthrenoo, O; Nookaew, I; Thonusin, C, 2021)
"Sulforaphane (SFN) was employed as a bioactive compound and then encapsulated into Evs using three methods including passive (incubation), active (sonication), and active-passive (sonication-incubation)."1.72Sustained release of sulforaphane by bioactive extracellular vesicles for neuroprotective effect on chick model. ( Saeidifar, M; Shahlaei, M; Zamanian, A, 2022)
"These mechanisms lead to improvement in autism-like symptoms in BTBR mice."1.51Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane ameliorates autism-like symptoms through suppression of Th17 related signaling and rectification of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in periphery and brain of BTBR T+tf/J mice. ( Ahmad, SF; Al-Harbi, NO; Alqahtani, F; Alqinyah, M; Attia, SM; Bakheet, SA; Ibrahim, KE; Nadeem, A, 2019)

Research

Studies (9)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's2 (22.22)24.3611
2020's7 (77.78)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Shahlaei, M1
Saeidifar, M1
Zamanian, A1
Magner, M1
Thorová, K1
Župová, V1
Houška, M1
Švandová, I1
Novotná, P1
Tříska, J1
Vrchotová, N1
Soural, I1
Jílek, L1
Liu, H2
Zimmerman, AW3
Singh, K3
Connors, SL2
Diggins, E2
Stephenson, KK1
Dinkova-Kostova, AT1
Fahey, JW2
Momtazmanesh, S1
Amirimoghaddam-Yazdi, Z1
Moghaddam, HS1
Mohammadi, MR1
Akhondzadeh, S1
Hashimoto, K1
Panjwani, AA1
Lee, LC1
Foley, A1
Melnyk, S1
Singh, IN1
James, SJ1
Frye, RE1
Likhitweerawong, N1
Thonusin, C1
Boonchooduang, N1
Louthrenoo, O1
Nookaew, I1
Chattipakorn, N1
Chattipakorn, SC1
Nadeem, A1
Ahmad, SF1
Al-Harbi, NO1
Attia, SM1
Bakheet, SA1
Ibrahim, KE1
Alqahtani, F1
Alqinyah, M1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Sulforaphane Treatment of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)[NCT02561481]Phase 1/Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale - Improvement (OACIS-I) Average Score From Baseline

The Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale-Severity (OACIS-S) rates severity of symptoms in 10 categories: general level of autism, social interaction, aberrant and repetitive behavior, verbal and nonverbal communication, hyperactivity, anxiety, sensory sensitivities and restricted and narrow interests. Each category is rated from 1 (normal) to 7 (most severe). The OACIS-S was a reference at follow up visits when the OACIS-Improvement was compared to the OACIS-S, from 1 to 7: 4 was no change; 3 to 1 minimal to marked improvement and 5 to 7 minimal to marked worsening. The numerical score of the OACIS-S is independent and unrelated quantitatively to the OACIS-I. For analysis, the OACIS-I general score and subscale values were recoded, in which 4 (no change) was recoded as 0; 3 to 1 were recoded as +1 to +3 to denote improvement, and 5 to 7 were recoded as -1 to -3 for worsening. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: 7 weeks, 15 weeks, 22 weeks, 30 weeks, 36 weeks

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
7 weeks15 weeks22 weeks30 weeks36 weeks
Placebo0.280.330.590.690.29
Sulforaphane0.280.280.470.470.29

Change in Total Aberrant Behavior Checklist Score From Baseline

Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) is a 58 item scale that primarily evaluates how aberrant or abnormal a patient's daily behaviors are. The items evaluate behaviors as they pertain to irritability, lethargy/social withdrawal, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity/noncompliance, and inappropriate speech. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, with 0 being better outcome and 3 being worse outcome. The score from each item is added up to calculate a total score. This outcome describes change in total ABC score from baseline at each follow up visit. The scores from all items are added to calculate a total score (0 to 174). This outcome describes change in total ABC score from baseline at each follow up visit. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: 7 weeks, 15 weeks, 22 weeks, 30 weeks, 36 weeks

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
7 weeks15 weeks22 weeks30 weeks36 weeks
Placebo-16.23-11.68-22.4-10.29-7.8
Sulforaphane-6-22.6-36.33-22.81.14

Change in Total SRS-2 Score From Baseline

The Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) is a 65-item scale that measures total scores as well as subscales: four social behaviors (awareness, cognition, communication and motivation) and autistic mannerisms. Each item is rated from 1 to 4 (not true to almost always true) on worksheets that are blinded to the rater with respect to values. Total and subscale scores are calculated as raw scores and can be converted to T-scores. Raw scores (range 0-180) are reported here (unadjusted for general population, since all children had ASD). Higher or lower values at follow up visits compared to baseline indicated worsening or improvement, respectively. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: 7 weeks, 15 weeks, 22 weeks, 30 weeks, 36 weeks

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
7 weeks15 weeks22 weeks30 weeks36 weeks
Placebo-8.06-7.92-13.67-18.59-19.59
Sulforaphane1.14-16.86-14.61-19.830.80

Comparison of Free Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Total GSH, Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) at Week 0 and 15

F-statistic calculated by comparison of Free Reduced GSH, Total GSH and oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) of Week 15 to Week 0. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0 and Week 15

,
InterventionF-statistic (Number)
Free Reduced GSHTotal GSHGSSG
Placebo0.110.080.46
Sulforaphane1.510.001.97

Cox-2

Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase-2): a nuclear factor-kappa B - regulated inflammatory biomarker. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo-0.200.16-0.17
Sulforaphane0.14-0.07-0.46

Dithiocarbamate Plasma Concentration Detected by Cyclocondensation at Each Visit

Sulforaphane (and other isothiocyanates, ITC) are conjugated by glutathione (GSH) which then undergoes further enzymatic modifications to give rise sequentially to the cysteinylglycine-, cysteine- and N-acetylcysteine-ITC conjugates, all of which are dithiocarbamates (DTC) and are detected in the cyclocondensation reaction-HPLC assay. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 7, Week 15, Week 22, Week 30, Week 36

,
Interventionnmol DTC (Dithiocarbamates)/ml (Mean)
Week 0Week 7Week 15Week 22Week 30Week 36
Placebo0.0060.0030.0050.2050.2140.008
Sulforaphane0.0070.2990.3290.2480.1650.015

Free GSH:GSSG and Total GSH:GSSG Ratios at Week 15

Ratios of free GSH:GSSG and total GSH:GSSG were calculated by obtaining ratios of f-statistic scores from baseline to week 15 between free reduced GSH and GSSG and between total GSH and GSSG. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 15

,
InterventionF-statistic (Number)
Free GSH:GSSGTotal GSH:GSSG
Placebo0.870.03
Sulforaphane12.725.16

HO-1 (Heme Oxygenase 1)

HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1): an essential and Nrf2-dependent enzyme in heme catabolism. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo0.270.550.30
Sulforaphane0.100.740.74

HSP27

HSP27 (Heat shock protein 27) was examined because it is upregulated by SF in vitro. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30.

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo-0.13-0.83-0.58
Sulforaphane0.210.21-0.47

HSP70

HSP70 (Heat shock protein 70) was examined because it is upregulated by SF in vitro. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo0.991.141.20
Sulforaphane1.111.331.23

IL-1β

IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta cytokine gene expression, a nuclear factor-kappa B - regulated inflammatory biomarker. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo1.141.471.59
Sulforaphane0.901.451.50

IL-6

IL-6 (interleukin 6) cytokine gene expression, a nuclear factor-kappa B - regulated inflammatory biomarker. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo1.821.872.08
Sulforaphane1.762.051.99

NQO1: NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1

Cytoprotective enzyme regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and an inhibitor of a key pro-inflammatory pathway, of which both functions are critical factors in the neuropathology of ASD. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0 (baseline)Week 15Week 30
Placebo2.252.142.13
Sulforaphane2.232.192.15

OACIS-I Response Rate on Aberrant Behaviors Subscale

See above in the primary outcome measure for a description of OACIS-I scale. This section describes the change from baseline of the OACIS-I subdomain of aberrant behaviors. This subdomain has a range of 1 to 7 - 1 is extremely improved from baseline, 7 is extremely worse from baseline, and 4 is no change. For analysis, the OACIS-I general score and subscale values were recoded, in which 4 (no change) was recoded as 0; 3 to 1 were recoded as +1 to +3 to denote improvement, and 5 to 7 were recoded as -1 to -3 for worsening. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: 7 weeks, 15 weeks, 22 weeks, 30 weeks, 36 weeks

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
7 weeks15 weeks22 weeks30 weeks36 weeks
Placebo0.280.330.530.590.14
Sulforaphane0.060.220.590.630.14

OACIS-I Response Rate on Social Communication Subscale

See above in the primary outcome measure for a description of OACIS-I scale. This section describes the change from baseline of the OACIS-I subdomain of social communication. This subdomain has a range of 1 to 7 - 1 is extremely improved from baseline, 7 is extremely worse from baseline, and 4 is no change. For analysis, the OACIS-I general score and subscale values were recoded, in which 4 (no change) was recoded as 0; 3 to 1 were recoded as +1 to +3 to denote improvement, and 5 to 7 were recoded as -1 to -3 for worsening. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: 7 weeks, 15 weeks, 22 weeks, 30 weeks, 36 weeks

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
7 weeks15 weeks22 weeks30 weeks36 weeks
Placebo0.560.561.351.250.61
Sulforaphane0.330.440.650.940.32

TNF-α

TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha), a cytokine as inflammatory biomarker. Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo0.911.081.10
Sulforaphane0.700.981.17

xCT

xCT (SLC7A11): Cystine/glutamate antiporter encoded by the SLC7A11 gene.Total cellular RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and complementary DNAs (cDNA) were synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio™ 3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Relative mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH. Gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT method. (NCT02561481)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 15, Week 30

,
Interventionlog fold change (Mean)
Week 0Week 15Week 30
Placebo0.400.300.27
Sulforaphane0.240.250.24

Reviews

1 review available for sulforaphane and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ArticleYear
Profiles of urine and blood metabolomics in autism spectrum disorders.
    Metabolic brain disease, 2021, Volume: 36, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Metabolic Networks and Pathw

2021

Trials

3 trials available for sulforaphane and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ArticleYear
Sulforaphane Treatment in Children with Autism: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study.
    Nutrients, 2023, Jan-31, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Child; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Pr

2023
Sulforaphane as an adjunctive treatment for irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
    Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2020, Volume: 74, Issue:7

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Antipsychotic Agents; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child

2020
Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
    Molecular autism, 2021, 05-25, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Laboratories, Clinical;

2021

Other Studies

5 other studies available for sulforaphane and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ArticleYear
Sustained release of sulforaphane by bioactive extracellular vesicles for neuroprotective effect on chick model.
    Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, 2022, Volume: 110, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Chick Embryo; Delayed-Action Preparations; Extracellular Vesicles

2022
Biomarker Exploration in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Monitoring Sulforaphane Treatment Responses in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
    Scientific reports, 2020, 04-02, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cells, Cultured; Child; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation; Isothiocyanates;

2020
Risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring of COVID-19-infected pregnant women and nutritional intervention.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2021, Volume: 271, Issue:2

    Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; C-Reactive Protein; COVID-19; Dietary Supplements; Female; Gestational Age

2021
Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane ameliorates autism-like symptoms through suppression of Th17 related signaling and rectification of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in periphery and brain of BTBR T+tf/J mice.
    Behavioural brain research, 2019, 05-17, Volume: 364

    Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Cytokin

2019
Sulforaphane Treatment of Young Men with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
    CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2016, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Fever; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Male; Psychotr

2016
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