strychnine and Poultry-Diseases

Recently, electrophysiological studies on sleep and wakefulness in birds have yielded useful results. Furthermore, recent evidence obtained in behavioral and electroencephalographical investigations of epileptic birds, induced neuropharmacologically or genetically, have led to recognition of the fact that epileptic seizures are present in aves, and that these seizures reveal many similarities between mammalian and avian epilepsy. While the investigation of birds is of obvrious value for demonstrating the neuropharmacological interrelationship with the brain, comparison of the correlation between abnormal behavior and the electroencephalogram in birds and higher vertebrates requires further research. In the present paper, normal and abnormal electroencephalographic activity associated with behavior of birds is reviewed. It was concluded that birds provide a useful preparation for studying experimental epilepsy.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bird Diseases; Birds; Brain; Chickens; Coturnix; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Male; Movement; Pentylenetetrazole; Poultry Diseases; Seizures; Sleep; Strychnine; Turkeys; Vocalization, Animal; Wakefulness

An intravenous injection of 0.85 mg/kg strychnine nitrate produced typical convulsions in all cockerels, aged 4 to 12 weeks, as well as adult hens. Convulsions consisted of an initial excitement, tonic stage associated with opisthotonos, transient clonic movement, and finally vigorous tonic convulsions. Strychnine spikes in the Wulst EEG were not induced by the same intravenous does of strychnine in both cockerels and adult hens.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Chickens; Female; Male; Poultry Diseases; Seizures; Strychnine

Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chiroptera; Disease Vectors; Electricity; Explosions; Fires; Fumigation; Humans; Lighting; Methods; North America; Pest Control, Biological; Pesticides; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Rabies; Smoke; South America; Strychnine; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Chickens; Consciousness; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Muscles; Neck; Poultry Diseases; Respiration, Artificial; Seizures; Strychnine; Telencephalon

Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Chickens; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Injections, Intravenous; Muscles; Poultry Diseases; Rectum; Respiration, Artificial; Seizures; Strychnine; Telencephalon