strychnine and Poisoning

Toxin ingestion is a significant public health issue for children, accounting for hundreds of visits per day to emergency departments. The most common substances are household cleaning products, personal care products, and medications. This article describes an ingestion of a rare substance called strychnine, which is a plant-based odorless powder that was previously used as a nonspecific stimulant. This toxicity can mimic other ingestions, thus delaying diagnosis, so an increased awareness of the common symptoms and laboratory findings may lead to a more targeted management of strychnine poisoning. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(5):e205-e207.].

Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Poisons; Strychnine

Topics: Adult; Child; Emergency Treatment; Humans; Pesticides; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Diseases; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine

A 48-year-old male intentionally ingested "gopher killer" containing strychnine as a, suicide attempt. He rapidly developed generalized muscle spasms with opisthotonos followed by cardiovascular collapse. He was resuscitated, treated with 24 h of, neuromuscular paralysis, and was discharged on hospital day 10 without sequelae. A blood strychnine concentration obtained five hours post ingestion was 2.2 mg/L. Strychnine poisoning is exceedingly rare in the modern United States and this report contains a video recording of the classic exam findings.

Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Spasm; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted; United States

Pets can act as sentinels for human health and thus surveillance of pet dogs has the potential to improve awareness of emerging risks for animal and public health. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the risk of canine poisoning. In a large population-based epidemiological investigation in Italy performed from January 2015 to January 2016 and April 2016 to April 2017, descriptive statistics were acquired and analysed to determine variables associated with poisoning events in pet dogs. Results were validated in a test population and forecast analysis of risk was performed. The cumulative incidence of poisoning events was low (10.2/1000 dogs/year). Anticoagulant rodenticides, organophosphate pesticides, metaldehyde and strychnine were the most frequent causes of intoxications. Territory characteristics significantly modulated both the frequency and the nature of the involved substances. The seashore area was associated with poisoning by rodenticides (odds ratio, OR, 1.81, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.54-2.13) and metaldehyde (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.28). The hill country area was associated with poisoning by organophosphate pesticides (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38-2.15), metaldehyde (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.53-3.25) and strychnine (OR 1.86, 95% CI, 1.34-2.57). The mountain area was associated with strychnine poisoning (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.84-5.06). The prospective cumulative incidence of poisoning over 10 years was 9.74% (95% CI 9.57-9.91). These results may be useful for predicting the risk of poisoning and for estimating the risk index related to specific toxic compounds in specific territories. This study suggests that poisoning events in dogs may represent a problem of public health with the potential to affect wildlife and human beings.

Topics: Acetaldehyde; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Insecticides; Italy; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pesticides; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Strychnine

Acute strychnine poisoning is an uncommon form of intoxication, characterized by severe tonic clonic seizures and tetanus-like contractions while the patient is fully conscious. It can result in respiratory failure, leading to death.. A 47-year-old man was admitted to the casualty department 2 hours after self-poisoning with strychnine. The clinical picture consisted of persistent seizures, which were treated with midazolam and propofol. The patient went into respiratory failure and asystole, so intubation and cardiac massage were initiated. Other complications were severe metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis with renal failure. The treatment consisted of cooling, hyperhydration and intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate. He was discharged to a mental care institution with no persistent symptoms 11 days later.. Early aggressive treatment of a strychnine intoxication can be life-saving. Knowledge of the clinical picture and the right treatment is important. Treatment is primarily focussed on stopping the convulsions and securing the airway.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Emergency Treatment; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Fever; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Rhabdomyolysis; Strychnine

Fatal strychnine poisoning is uncommon. It is no longer used as a therapeutic drug and its availability to the public is controlled by legislations in various jurisdictions, but it is still in use as a rodenticide and an adulterant in street drugs. Homicide by strychnine is extremely rare. As the autopsy findings are subtle, strychnine poisoning could easily be overlooked and a homicide may go undetected. This communication highlights an unusual case of homicide by strychnine. It is important that in deaths where there are no gross autopsy findings, sudden death in particular, that routine toxicology be performed, in which strychnine is likely to be detected.

Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin; Autopsy; Female; Forensic Pathology; Homicide; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Spouses; Strychnine

Topics: Adult; Atropine; Charcoal; Diazepam; Drug Combinations; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Insecticides; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Male; Midazolam; Poisoning; Poisons; Pralidoxime Compounds; Propoxur; Spasm; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted

A sensitive method for identifying and quantifying brucine by means of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is presented in this article. Based on a solid-phase extraction for human serum, the validation indicated limits of detection and quantification of 0.12 and 0.23 ng/mL, respectively. In one case of lethal suicidal brucine monointoxication, brucine concentrations of 1.51 μg/mL, 1.69 μg/mL, 9.94 μg/mL, 16.4 μg/g, 0.99 μg/g, 0.75 μg/g, and 1.95 mg/g were determined in femoral blood, urine, bile collected from the gallbladder, liver tissue, cerebellum, cerebrum, and stomach contents, respectively.

Topics: Diagnosis; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Poisons; Solid Phase Extraction; Strychnine; Suicide

Brucine is the predominant alkaloid present in the bark of the tree Strychnos nux vomica and is a weaker alkaloid when compared to strychnine. However, its toxicological property is akin to strychnine. We report a rare case of brucine poisoning complicated by acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. A 24-year-old male presented with a history of consumption of a decoction made from the bark of the Strychnos nux vomica tree. Soon after, he developed widespread muscle spasms and convulsions, which were promptly treated. On the fifth day of admission, he developed features of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Investigations revealed elevated creatine phosphokinase levels and elevated blood urea and serum creatinine. The patient was managed with hemodialysis and recovered gradually. There are many reports of strychnine poisoning producing rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. In this case report, attention is drawn to the fact that brucine, although a weaker alkaloid, can also produce life threatening complications like rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Creatine Kinase; Humans; Male; Plant Extracts; Poisoning; Poisons; Renal Dialysis; Rhabdomyolysis; Seizures; Strychnine; Strychnos nux-vomica; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

This study investigated the association of pre-mixed and freshly mixed strychnine baits with poisoning of nontarget animals in Saskatchewan. During years where the formulations were derived from a 2% concentrate, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in case numbers. There were approximately 3-fold fewer cases when the baits were prepared by pest control officers rather than by producers.

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Poisoning; Poisons; Saskatchewan; Species Specificity; Strychnine

An original liquid chromatography method with photodiode-array detection (DAD) is presented for the determination of strychnine in blood. This sensitive method allows the use of only 0.1 ml of sample. The strychnine was isolated from blood using a liquid-liquid extraction procedure and chloroquine as an internal standard. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification were 0.06 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively. The recovery was 94% and the coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 5.9 to 10.8%. A fatal case of strychnine poisoning is presented, with a lethal blood concentration of 25 mg/l.

Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Forensic Medicine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Poisoning; Poisons; Strychnine

In most severe cases of strychnine poisoning, the patient dies before reaching the hospital. This report describes the treatment and successful outcome of a patient who had taken a dose of strychnine that would normally be fatal. A 28-y-old man was admitted 2 h after ingestion of 1 to 1.5 g of strychnine. He had a Glasgow Coma Score of 14/15 and was severely agitated and in mild respiratory distress; blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg, pulse 110/min, and peripheral pulses weak. He had generalized hyperactive reflexes and had several generalized tonic-clonic convulsions in the emergency department. Treatment consisted of gastric lavage with water, oral administration of activated charcoal and sorbitol solution, continuous intravenous administration of midazolam and then sodium thiopental, furosemide, sodium bicarbonate and hemodialysis for acute renal failure. His clinical course included respiratory distress, agitation, generalized tonic-clonic convulsions, hyperactivity, oliguria and acute tubular necrosis prior to recovery in 23 days. This patient ingested what would normally be a fatal amount of strychnine, had signs and symptoms of severe toxicity and recovered, suggesting that with aggressive supportive care patients may have favorable outcomes.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Treatment; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Strychnine

A 46-year-old man presented two hours after ingestion of about 250 mg strychnine with severe violent, generalized convulsions, triggered by external stimuli. During the convulsion-free periods there were no abnormal signs in the physical examination.. The presence of strychnine was confirmed by urine analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.. Because diazepam as anticonvulsant of choice was not effective in abating the convulsions the patient was intubated. A combination with midazolam, fentanyl and pancuronium was effective in controlling the convulsions. The patient was discharged from ICU on day three.. Fatal outcome of strychnine poisoning demands an aggressive management with early intubation, control of muscle tremors and prevention of rhabdomyolisis and renal failure.

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Chromatography, Gas; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Poisoning; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted; Treatment Outcome

Data of toxicological analyses carried out over a 10-y period for suspected cases of wild and domestic animal poisonings are summarized. Of the 123 cases suspected as deliberate, 102 were be analyzed and 50 of them were positive to intentional poisoning, a total of 107 dead animals. Pesticides, especially insecticides (72%) and rodenticides (26%), were frequently involved. Aldicarb (n=15), anticoagulant rodenticides (n=8) and strychnine (n=4) were the most common toxins in baits prepared for intentional poisonings; carbofuran, methomyl, endosulfan and paraquat were also used. A coordinated Veterinary Toxicology Services network of collaboration should be set up in Spain to improve the quality of the services provided.

Topics: Aldicarb; Animal Diseases; Animals; Bees; Cats; Dogs; Female; Goats; Insecticides; Male; Poison Control Centers; Poisoning; Records; Retrospective Studies; Rodenticides; Seasons; Sheep; Spain; Strychnine

Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Poisoning; Poisons; Respiration, Artificial; Strychnine; Vecuronium Bromide

Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Animals; Dogs; Humans; Male; Myoglobinuria; Poisoning; Seizures; Strychnine

Strychnine poisoning is uncommon, and in most severe cases, the patient dies before reaching hospital. The management of strychnine poisoning is well documented, although there are few data on the kinetics of elimination of strychnine after overdose.. A 42-year-old man presented shortly after ingestion of an unknown quantity of strychnine powder. After a respiratory arrest, with intensive supportive management requiring admission to an intensive care unit, he survived. Eight serum samples were taken over the first 5 days and analysed subsequently for strychnine concentrations.. The initial concentration at 1.5 hours after ingestion was 4.73 mg/l, falling to 0.38 mg/l at 74 hours postingestion. Serum concentrations followed a monoexponential elimination curve with a calculated elimination half-life of 12 hours.. Strychnine poisoning presents with classical features, and with early diagnosis and supportive management, the patient can survive. The initial serum concentration of 4.73 mg/l is the highest reported concentration in a patient who has survived. Previous reports of the elimination half-life have suggested it is between 10 and 16 hours, which conforms to the elimination data in our case.

Topics: Adult; Critical Care; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Strychnine; Treatment Outcome

'Maqianzi' (the dried ripe seed of Strychnos nux-vomica L.) contains 1.0-1.4% each of strychnine and brucine. After processing to reduce its toxicity, 'maqianzi' was used as a herbal remedy for rheumatism, musculoskeletal injuries and limb paralysis. A 42-year old woman with neck pain was prescribed 15 g of 'maqianzi' to be taken in two doses at 7 hours apart, although the recommended dose was 0.3-0.6 g. She was apparently well after drinking the first of two bowls of 'maqianzi' decoction. One hour after she drank the second bowl of herbal decoction, she suddenly developed tonic contractions of all her limb muscles and carpopedal spasm lasting 5 min, difficulty in breathing, chest discomfort and perioral numbness. The second bowl of decoction probably became more concentrated because of evaporation of water during continued boiling and contained a larger amount of 'maqianzi'. On arrival in the hospital 1 hour later, she complained of muscle pain and tiredness. She was found to have hyperventilation and weakness of four limbs, with muscle power of grade 5(-)/5. All her symptoms gradually subsided over the next few hours. This case illustrated that 'maqianzi' can cause strychnine poisoning even after processing, especially when the recommended dose is greatly exceeded. In any patient with 'unexplained' muscle spasms or convulsions, strychnine poisoning should be included in the differential diagnosis and they should be asked about the use of herbal medicines.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Female; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Hyperventilation; Neck Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Poisoning; Poisons; Spasm; Strychnine; Strychnos

Topics: Adolescent; Beverages; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Confusion; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Encephalitis, Viral; Epilepsy; Humans; Male; Muscle Rigidity; Phytotherapy; Poisoning; Strychnine; Tetanus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Adolescent; Bipolar Disorder; Delirium; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Phytotherapy; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Animals; Child; Chile; Dogs; Humans; Male; Pesticides; Poisoning; Strychnine

Diagnostic findings on 51 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the southeastern United States examined from 1967 to 1995 were reviewed. Etiologic diagnoses included sarcoptic manage (n = 33), traumatic injury and associated complications (n = 5), suspected canine distemper (n = 2), capture myopathy (n = 1), congenital absence of guard hairs (n = 1), intradermal tick infestation (n = 1), otodectic manage (n = 1), and toxicosis (n = 1). The cause of morbidity was not determined for three of the foxes, and three others were classified as normal animals. Sarcoptic manage was diagnosed in 65% of the red foxes, was found in foxes submitted from four of the eight southeastern states represented, and was seen in 19 of 29 yr covered by this study.

Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Autopsy; Distemper; Female; Foxes; Male; Mite Infestations; Morbidity; Muscular Diseases; Poisoning; Poisons; Prevalence; Scabies; Seasons; Southeastern United States; Strychnine; Tick Infestations; Toxoplasmosis, Animal; Wounds and Injuries

Strychnine competes with the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine producing an excitatory state characterized clinically by hyperreflexia, severe muscle spasms, and convulsions. However, the kinetics after overdose have not been well described.. A 34 year-old male presented to the emergency department 20 minus after ingesting half of a 250-mL container of 2% strychnine sulfate (2.25 g). The reported lethal dose is 100-120 mg. He was alert and oriented and experiencing muscle spasms. His condition deteriorated prompting sedation, muscle paralysis, and tracheal intubation. He was given activated charcoal 100 g per nasogastric tube. He was admitted to intensive care where he was managed with diazepam, pentobarbital, and pancuronium. Despite mild rhabdomyolysis, he recovered and was extubated on day three. Although receiving prophylactic heparin therapy, a massive fatal pulmonary embolus ensued. Eighteen blood specimens for strychnine analysis were obtained from 20 minutes to 51 hours after ingestion. Serum concentrations were determined with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Disappearance followed a first-order process with a t 1/2 of 16 hours (r, = 0.97).. Our results confirm the findings of an earlier case report of 19 strychnine levels obtained between 4 and 19 hours which described first-order kinetics with a similar t 1/2 of 10 hours.. Strychnine disappearance in this overdose was well described by a first-order process with a t 1/2 of 10-16 hours.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Fatal Outcome; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycine Agents; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Pulmonary Embolism; Strychnine

Homicide by strychnine has become very rare during the last decades. Its bitter taste and the violent mode of death commonly aroused suspicion of poisoning and this, together with its ease of chemical detection, deterred criminals from using it. We present the case of an elderly woman who arrived at the hospital casualty department in extremis and with severe convulsions. Her death was certified nevertheless as due to natural causes and she was buried without the death being reported to the Director of Public Prosecutions. It was not until a month later that investigation led to the exhumation of the body. Biological samples were found to contain strychnine sulphate. The perpetrator was charged and later confessed.

Topics: Aged; Female; Forensic Medicine; Homicide; Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine

A rare case of suicidal strychnine poisoning that resolved naturally without treatment is presented. The patient first complained of chest pain, which was originally thought to be caused by a dissecting aneurysm; however, nystagmus, dysesthesia, spastic paraplesia, and hyperreactivity to stimuli shortly developed. Diagnosis was difficult because the patient did not disclose the drinking of strychnine or the suicidal intent, and no abnormal signs were seen in the various central nervous system examinations. The natural course was observed without treatment because the patient's circulatory and respiratory condition was good. Movement disturbances in the upper extremities disappeared after 2 days, nystagmus in 3 days, and dysesthesia and spastic paraplesia in 4 days. The patient was able to stand on the fourth day and walk on the seventh. He was discharged on day 10 without any detectable ill effects.

Topics: Central Nervous System Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperesthesia; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Spasticity; Paraplegia; Poisoning; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted

Strychnine poisoning of 36 dunlin (Calidris alpina) and two killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) in Yolo County, California (USA) was documented from 11 to 17 December 1990. Birds were found dead on a field containing treated wheat seeds (337 micrograms strychnine/g seed) in postures consistent with the known physiopathology of strychnine poisoning: rapid rigor mortis, wings folded over backs, straightened toes, and fecal material extruding from vents. Five dunlin and two killdeer were necropsied, and their crop and stomach contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for the presence of strychnine. The mean (+/- SD) actual unabsorbed strychnine concentration per amount stomach content for the five dunlin was 110 (+/- 108) micrograms/g and for the two killdeer, 210 (+/- 109) micrograms/g. Shorebirds have not been identified previously as victims of pesticides.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases; Birds; Female; Male; Poisoning; Poisons; Rodent Control; Seeds; Strychnine; Triticum

Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted; Western Australia

Topics: Adult; Arsenic Poisoning; Cause of Death; Child, Preschool; Clozapine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Overdose; Expert Testimony; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Female; Homicide; Humans; Infant; Insanity Defense; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Poisons; Postmortem Changes; Strychnine

One half hour following the ingestion of a possibly tainted antibiotic capsule, a 14 year-old female experienced acute onset of stiffness and weakness in her lower extremities. She subsequently survived despite the development of convulsions, severe lactic acidosis (pH 6.86), hyperthermia (Temp 40.5 degrees C) and rhabdomyolysis. Toxicology testing confirmed the presence of strychnine in blood, gastric aspirate, and urine. Her course, history and outcome are presented and the pharmacokinetics, the mechanism of action, signs and symptoms and treatment of strychnine poisoning are reviewed.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diazepam; Drug Contamination; Female; Humans; Poisoning; Seizures; Strychnine

A fatal case of strychnine intoxication is reported. The patient expired despite early aggressive management and prevention of metabolic complications. Serial blood levels are reported. In contrast to a previous report describing first order elimination kinetics, our data suggest that strychnine follows Michaelis-Menton elimination kinetics. The case illustrates the rapid, dramatic course of severe strychnine ingestions. A review of the toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and treatment of strychnine intoxication follows.

Topics: Autopsy; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Diazepam; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Strychnine

The authors describe a patient presenting with both ethanol intoxication and important strychnine poisoning. The diagnosis and treatment of strychnine poisoning are discussed. The authors emphasize the need of careful urine screening for drugs and toxic products in all ethanol-intoxicated patients.

Topics: Aged; Alcoholic Intoxication; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted

Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Injections, Intravenous; Poisoning; Strychnine; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Animals; Cats; Parathion; Poisoning; Strychnine; Thallium

Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Female; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Male; Pancuronium; Poisoning; Respiration, Artificial; Rodenticides; Seizures; Strychnine; Suicide, Attempted

Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Antidotes; Aspirin; Charcoal; Chlorpheniramine; Drug Stability; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Particle Size; Pentobarbital; Poisoning; Rats; Strychnine; Surface Properties; Suspensions

Topics: Animals; Carnivora; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Curare; Diuresis; Gastric Juice; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Poisoning; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Strychnine

Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Disinfectants; Lead Poisoning; Nitrates; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pesticides; Poisoning; Strychnine; Thallium

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Coumarins; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lead Poisoning; Nitrites; Organophosphate Poisoning; Poisoning; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Strychnine; Thallium

Topics: England; Female; History, 19th Century; Homicide; Humans; Jurisprudence; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Animals; Arsenic Poisoning; Cattle; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Copper; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Fluoride Poisoning; Fluorides; Herbicides; Horse Diseases; Horses; Insecticides; Poisoning; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Strychnine

Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Cathartics; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Infant; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Adolescent; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Spinal Cord; Strychnine

Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Diazepam; Humans; Poisoning; Resuscitation; Strychnine

Topics: Adolescent; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Poisoning; Seizures; Strychnine

Topics: Diazepam; Humans; Infant; Male; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Adult; Barbiturates; Bemegride; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Female; Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Methocarbamol; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Blindness; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cosmetics; Ethanol; Ethics, Medical; Female; Humans; Male; Methanol; Poisoning; Prisons; Sex Factors; Social Values; Strychnine; Substance-Related Disorders; Tranquilizing Agents; Turpentine

Topics: Alcohols; Antimony; Arsenic Poisoning; Barbiturates; Bismuth; Bromides; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Child; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Kerosene; Lead Poisoning; Mercury Poisoning; Methods; Parathion; Phenothiazines; Poisoning; Quinidine; Quinine; Salicylates; Strychnine; Sulfanilamides

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Animals; Antidotes; Arizona; Aspirin; Charcoal; Dogs; Intestinal Absorption; Kerosene; Liver; Male; Milk; Poisoning; Rats; Strychnine; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Antidotes; Chemistry, Clinical; Chromatography, Paper; Diazepam; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Oxides; Poisoning; Spasm; Spectrophotometry; Strychnine; Tablets

Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Charcoal; Insecticides; Male; Pentobarbital; Poisoning; Rats; Strychnine

Topics: Arsenic; Australia; Barbiturates; Child; Cresols; Humans; Infant; Insecticides; Kerosene; Lead Poisoning; Nitrates; Petroleum; Phosphorus; Poisoning; Quinine; Strychnine; Toxicology; Victoria

Topics: Animals; Anura; Ascorbic Acid; Birds; Cats; Citrus; Fruit; Mice; Pharmacology; Poisoning; Rats; Research; Seizures; Strychnine; Toxicology

Topics: Agaricales; Alcoholic Intoxication; Benzene; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Morphine; Nitrites; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Phosgene; Poisoning; Strychnine; Toxicology; Vegetables

Topics: Gastric Lavage; Humans; Phenobarbital; Poisoning; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Strychnine; Suicide; Thiopental; Toxicology; Tracheotomy; Tubocurarine

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Poisoning; Seizures; Strychnine; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Toxicology

Topics: Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant; Poisoning; Strychnine; Toxicology

Topics: Australia; Child; Death; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Petroleum; Poisoning; Quinine; Statistics as Topic; Strychnine; Toxicology

Topics: Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Animals; Aspirin; Body Temperature Regulation; Chlordiazepoxide; Chlorpromazine; Electrophysiology; Ether; Guinea Pigs; Hexobarbital; Meprobamate; Mice; Morphine; Nikethamide; Pain; Pentylenetetrazole; Pharmacology; Phenobarbital; Poisoning; Psychopharmacology; Rabbits; Research; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sleep; Strychnine; Thiopental

Topics: Animals; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Metals, Heavy; Naphthalenes; Poisoning; Poisons; Rats; Strychnine; Thallium; Thiourea

Topics: Foot; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Poisoning; Reflex; Strychnine

Topics: Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Barium; Carbonates; Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Poisoning; Procaine; Strychnine

Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Cathartics; Child; Humans; Infant; Laxatives; Male; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine

Topics: Alcoholism; Eating; Humans; Poisoning; Strychnine; Suicide

Topics: Abortion, Criminal; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Criminals; Cyclic N-Oxides; Female; Humans; Poisoning; Pregnancy; Strychnine; Tablets

Topics: Child; Humans; Lead; Poisoning; Poisons; Strychnine

Topics: Cyclic N-Oxides; Humans; Poisoning; Poisons; Strychnine

Topics: Humans; Poisoning; Poisons; Strychnine

Topics: Child; Homicide; Poisoning; Postmortem Changes; Strychnine