struvite and Urethral-Diseases

To determine hospital proportional morbidity rates (HPMR) for urethral obstructions, urethral plugs or urethroliths, and urethrostomies in cats in veterinary teaching hospitals (VTH) in Canada and the United States between 1980 and 1999.. Epidemiologic study.. 305,672 cats evaluated at VTH.. Yearly HPMR were determined for cats with urethral obstructions, urethral plugs or urethroliths, or urethrostomies from data compiled by the Purdue Veterinary Medical Database. The test for a linear trend in proportions was used.. Urethral obstructions were reported in 4,683 cats. Yearly HPMR for urethral obstructions declined from 19 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 7 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. Urethral plugs or urethroliths affected 1,460 cats. Yearly HPMR for urethral plugs or urethroliths decreased from 10 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 2 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. A total of 2,359 urethrostomies were performed. Yearly HPMR for urethrostomies decreased from 13 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 4 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999.. Frequency of feline urethrostomies performed at VTH in Canada and the United States declined during the past 20 years and paralleled a similar decline in frequency of urethral obstructions and urethral plugs or urethroliths. These trends coincide with widespread use of diets to minimize struvite crystalluria in cats, which is important because struvite has consistently been the predominant mineral in feline urethral plugs during this period.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Canada; Cat Diseases; Cats; Epidemiologic Studies; Female; Hospitals, Animal; Magnesium Compounds; Male; Morbidity; Ostomy; Phosphates; Retrospective Studies; Struvite; United States; Urethral Diseases; Urethral Obstruction; Urinary Calculi

The stones removed from 273 patients (220 males, 53 females) with bladder stones and 27 patients with urethral stones (males) were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Of these stones 50.0% contained magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 39.9% calcium (oxalate and/or phosphate), 9.4% uric acid (urate), and 0.7% cystine. The disorders associated with bladder stones were prostatic hyperplasia and cancer (47.8%), neurogenic bladder (11.8%), urethral stricture (3.6%) and so on in males, and neurogenic bladder (48.1%), after operation of uterus (29.0%), bladder cancer (5.7%) and so on in females. Urinary infections were complications in 59.3% of patients with MAP stones, 41.2% with urate stones and 20.0% with calcium stones. The most often isolated bacteria from the infected urine were of the Proteus species.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteriuria; Calcium Oxalate; Calcium Phosphates; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystine; Female; Humans; Magnesium Compounds; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphates; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Struvite; Urethral Diseases; Uric Acid; Urinary Bladder Calculi; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Animals; Calcium Oxalate; Calcium Phosphates; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Magnesium; Magnesium Compounds; Male; Minerals; Phosphates; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Struvite; Urethral Diseases; Urinary Calculi

Urease positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection was experimentally induced in 13 dogs. Eight dogs developed cystic and/or urethral struvite calculi in 2 to 8 weeks. No abnormalities in systemic cell mediated immunity were detected in dogs before or after the establishment of the urinary tract infection. Miniature schnauzers whose ancestors had developed stones seemed to be no more susceptible to experimental urinary tract infection and stone formation than miniature schnauzers or beagles whose ancestors did not develop stones.

Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Kidney Calculi; Magnesium; Magnesium Compounds; Male; Phosphates; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Staphylococcal Infections; Struvite; Urethral Diseases; Urinary Bladder Calculi; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections