struvite and Disease-Models--Animal

The prevalence of urolithiasis in humans is increasing worldwide; however, non-surgical treatment and prevention options remain limited despite decades of investigation. Most existing laboratory animal models for urolithiasis rely on highly artificial methods of stone induction and, as a result, might not be fully applicable to the study of natural stone initiation and growth. Animal models that naturally and spontaneously form uroliths are an underused resource in the study of human stone disease and offer many potential opportunities for improving insight into stone pathogenesis. These models include domestic dogs and cats, as well as a variety of other captive and wild species, such as otters, dolphins and ferrets, that form calcium oxalate, struvite, uric acid, cystine and other stone types. Improved collaboration between urologists, basic scientists and veterinarians is warranted to further our understanding of how stones form and to consider possible new preventive and therapeutic treatment options.

Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Calcium Oxalate; Cats; Cystine; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Dolphins; Ferrets; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hyperuricemia; Otters; Risk Factors; Struvite; Uric Acid; Urolithiasis

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney Pelvis; Magnesium Compounds; Phosphates; Rabbits; Stomach; Struvite; Swine; Urinary Calculi

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Compounds; Male; Phosphates; Rats; Struvite; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections

The in vivo solubility of struvite stones experimentally induced in rats was investigated. The struvite stones implanted into bladders of normal rats were reduced in weight; and, they were dissolved by oral administration of ammonium chloride. Cefmetazone cured pyelonephritis and dissolved the bladder stones when it was administered to rats with urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis. Normalization of urine by antibiotics and acidifying agents may dissolve struvite stones, and help treat infection stones.

Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Cefmetazole; Cephamycins; Disease Models, Animal; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Magnesium Compounds; Phosphates; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Rats; Struvite; Urinary Bladder Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Kidney Calculi; Magnesium; Magnesium Compounds; Phosphates; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Radiography; Staphylococcal Infections; Struvite; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Tract Infections