stilbenes and Polycystic-Ovary-Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex heterogeneous disorder characterized by androgen excess and ovulatory dysfunction; it is now known to be closely linked to metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS which may lead to the excessive production of androgens by ovarian theca cells. Currently there is no single drug that can treat both the reproductive and metabolic complications of the disorder. Existing pharmaceutical agents such as hormonal therapies have been associated with side effects and are not appropriate for PCOS women with infertility. Additionally, insulin sensitizing agents useful for treating the metabolic abnormalities in PCOS have limited efficacy for treating reproductive aspects of the disorder. Chinese herbal medicines have a long history of treating gynaecological problems and infertility and therefore may be a novel approach to the treatment of PCOS. Current research demonstrates that the compounds isolated from herbs have shown beneficial effects for PCOS and when combined in an herbal formula can target both reproductive and metabolic defects simultaneously. Therefore, further investigation into Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of PCOS is warranted.

Topics: Androgens; Berberine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Ginsenosides; Glucosides; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Monoterpenes; Phenanthrenes; Phytotherapy; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Theca Cells

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism is the central feature of PCOS. Studies on isolated ovarian theca-interstitial cells suggest that resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, reduces androgen production.. This study was designed to evaluate endocrine and metabolic effects of resveratrol on PCOS.. This was a randomized (1:1) double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the effects of resveratrol over a period of 3 months in an academic hospital.. Subjects with PCOS were identified according to the Rotterdam criteria. Thirty-four subjects were enrolled and 30 subjects completed the trial. Evaluations were performed at baseline and repeated after 3 months of treatment.. Resveratrol (1,500 mg p.o.) or placebo were administered daily.. Primary outcome was the change in the serum total T.. Resveratrol treatment led to a significant decrease of total T by 23.1% (P = .01). In parallel, resveratrol induced a 22.2% decrease of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (P = .01), a decrease of fasting insulin level by 31.8% (P = .007) and an increase of the Insulin Sensitivity Index (Matsuda and DeFronzo) by 66.3% (P = .04). Levels of gonadotropins, the lipid profile as well as markers of inflammation and endothelial function were not significantly altered.. Resveratrol significantly reduced ovarian and adrenal androgens. This effect may be, at least in part, related to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and a decline of insulin level.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Testosterone

PCOS is a reproductive hormonal abnormality and a metabolic disorder. It is frequently associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. We aim to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of combined therapy of resveratrol and metformin on polycystic ovaries via SIRT1 and AMPK activation.. Wistar albino rats were divided into control and experimental (PCOS) groups. DHEA-induced PCOS rats were given resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day), metformin (300 mg/kg/day) and combined therapy. At the end of the experiment, the body and ovarian weight of rats were measured and blood samples were analyzed for FSH, LH, testosterone, AMH, TNF-α and MDA levels. Histopathological evaluation of ovaries were carried out by light and electron microscopy. SIRT1 and AMPK immunreactivity and TUNEL assay were scored. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS programme.. Metformin and combined treatment groups reduced the body and ovary weights compared to the PCOS group. Serum testosterone levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group and this was reduced when PCOS was treated with all but especially resveratrol. All the treatment groups decreased LH, LH/FSH, TNF-α and tissue AMH levels which were induced in the PCOS group, whereas metformin was unable to improve the increased MDA and plasma AMH levels. Treatment with resveratrol and/or metformin ameliorated the elevated number of secondary and atretic follicles and the decreased number of Graafian follicles in the PCOS group, which indicates the effect of the treatments on the maintenance of folliculogenesis. Light and electron microscopic findings supported the analysis of follicular count. Increased number of TUNEL (+) granulosa cells in the PCOS group were reduced significantly in the treatment groups. Resveratrol and metformin increased SIRT1 and AMPK immunreactivity, respectively, compared to the PCOS group.. The results suggest that combined therapy of metformin and resveratrol may improve the weight gain, hormone profile and ovarian follicular cell architecture by inducing antioxidant and antiinflammatory systems via SIRT1 and AMPK activation in PCOS.

Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Count; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hormones; Lipid Peroxidation; Metformin; Ovarian Follicle; Ovarian Reserve; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Sirtuin 1; Stilbenes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vagina

To evaluate the effects of resveratrol in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).. After PCOS model was formed by subcutaneous dihydrotestosterone pellets, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group (n = 7) was treated with 1 mL/kg/d isotonic saline and the second group (n = 7) was treated with 10 mg/kg/d resveratrol. Seven rats were taken as controls without any medication.. Our results showed (1) significant reduction in the number of antral follicle counts (P < .01); (2) significantly decreased plasma anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively); (3) significantly lower superoxide dismutase activity (P < .05); and (4) significantly increased glutathione peroxidase content (P < .01) following resveratrol treatment.. Resveratrol appears to be effective in the treatment of PCOS due to its antioxidant properties. Future clinical studies with different dosages might provide useful implementations to our practice.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Dihydrotestosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Oxidative Stress; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Superoxide Dismutase

Topics: Clomiphene; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Male; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes

Topics: Amenorrhea; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Lactation Disorders; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Stilbenes; Urine

Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Stilbenes

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Amenorrhea; Clomiphene; Estrogens; Female; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes

Topics: Clomiphene; Female; Humans; Hypothalamus; Infertility, Female; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Clomiphene; Diagnosis, Differential; Estrogens; Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes

Topics: Amenorrhea; Clomiphene; Cortisone; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Female; Ovary; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenogenital Syndrome; Amenorrhea; Chiari-Frommel Syndrome; Clomiphene; Drug Therapy; Estrogens; Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Female; Ovulation; Pharmacology; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnanediol; Stilbenes; Toxicology; Urine

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adenocarcinoma; Atrophy; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Genital Diseases, Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hyperplasia; Infertility; Infertility, Female; Ovulation; Pathology; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes; Toxicology; Urine; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Amenorrhea; Clomiphene; Female; Gonadotropins; Gonads; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes

Topics: Adolescent; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Pathology; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Stilbenes; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Toxicology

Topics: Androgens; Clomiphene; Drug Therapy; Endocrine System Diseases; Estrogens; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Hirsutism; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Luteinizing Hormone; Metabolism; Ovarian Neoplasms; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Progesterone; Prolactin; Steroids; Stilbenes

Topics: Amenorrhea; Female; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Stilbenes