stilbenes and Ovarian-Diseases

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in grapes, berries, and medicinal plants, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and has been proposed to be a longevity-prolonging agent. There is also growing evidence that resveratrol has cardioprotective properties and beneficial effects on both glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, several studies have examined the use of resveratrol as a therapeutic agent to treat numerous pathological and metabolic disorders. Herein, we present insights into the mechanisms of action, biological effects, and current evidence of actions of resveratrol on the ovary. In vitro, resveratrol inhibits proliferation and androgen production by theca-interstitial cells. Resveratrol also exerts a cytostatic, but not cytotoxic, effect on granulosa cells, while decreasing aromatization and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. In vivo, resveratrol treatment reduced the size of adipocytes and improved estrus cyclicity in the previously acyclic rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, resveratrol increased the ovarian follicular reserve and prolonged the ovarian life span in rats. Taken together, resveratrol emerges as a potential therapeutic agent to treat conditions associated with androgen excess, such as PCOS. The efficacy of resveratrol in the treatment of gynecological conditions requires further investigation.

Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Ovarian Diseases; Ovary; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a role in regulation of inflammation. The role of SIRT1 in endometriosis remains unknown. We here addressed the anti-inflammatory effects of SIRT1 on endometriosis.. The expression of SIRT1 in human ovarian endometriomas and eutopic endometria were examined using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) obtained from endometriomas were exposed to either resveratrol or sirtinol, an activator or inhibitor of sirtuins, respectively, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced interleukin (IL)-8 release from the ESC was assessed at mRNA and protein levels.. Both immunochemistry and RT-PCR demonstrated that SIRT1 was expressed in ESC and normal endometrial stromal cells. Resveratrol suppressed TNF-α-induced IL-8 release from the ESC in a dose-dependent manner while sirtinol increased IL-8 release.. These opposing effects of SIRT1-related agents suggest that IL-8 release from the ESC is modulated through the SIRT1 pathway. Resveratrol may have the potential to ameliorate local inflammation in endometriomas.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzamides; Cells, Cultured; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Enzyme Activators; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Interleukin-8; Naphthols; Ovarian Diseases; Ovary; Resveratrol; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 1; Stilbenes; Stromal Cells

To test the adjuvant use of the combination of N-palmitoylethanolamine and transpolydatin in the medical treatment of endometriotic pain.. We enrolled 47 patients admitted to the Outpatient Endometriosis Care Unit of Ferrara University from January 2011 to December 2011. They were divided into two groups according to the endometriosis site (group A: recto-vaginal septum; group B: ovary). One tablet, containing 400 mg of micronized N-palmitoylethanolamine plus 40 mg transpolydatin, was administered twice daily on a full stomach for 90 days. Each patient was requested to grade the severity of dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and dyschezia using a 0-10 cm visual analogic scale prior to beginning treatment (T0), after 30 days (T1), 60 days (T2) and 90 days (T3). The continuous and categorical variables were compared, respectively, using Student's t-test and the chi-square test. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to verify the reduction of endometriotic pain.. The intensity of endometriotic pain decreased significantly for both groups (p<0.0001). The efficacy of drug treatment was significant after 30 days. Pain intensity decreased equally in the two groups except for dysmenorrhea, which was reduced more rapidly in group B.. The combination of N-palmitoylethanolamine and transpolydatin reduced pain related to endometriosis irrespective of lesion site. It had a marked effect on chronic pelvic pain determined by deep endometriosis and on dysmenorrhea correlated to ovarian endometriosis.

Topics: Adult; Amides; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chronic Pain; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dysmenorrhea; Endocannabinoids; Endometriosis; Ethanolamines; Fascia; Female; Female Urogenital Diseases; Glucosides; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovarian Diseases; Pain Measurement; Palmitic Acids; Pelvic Pain; Prospective Studies; Stereoisomerism; Stilbenes; Young Adult

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of resveratrol on histopathological changes, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation, in torsion-detorsion injury in rat ovaries.. To determine whether ischemia followed by reperfusion can induce ovarian oxidative damage, we created a model of adnexal ischemia-reperfusion by using rats. Ischemia was induced by unilateral occlusion of the tubo-ovarian vessels for 3 h. Reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion and restoring the circulation for 3 h. Thirty-two adult female albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups: sham operation, torsion, saline/detorsion and resveratrol/detorsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 360 degrees clockwise adnexal torsion for 3 h. Resveratrol was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion in the resveratrol/detorsion group, and saline was administered in the saline/detorsion group. After 3 h of adnexal detorsion in both of these groups, the rats were killed and adnexa were removed. The tissue levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and xanthine oxidase activity were measured.. Malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase levels in the saline/detorsion group were increased significantly when compared to the torsion and sham operation groups (p < 0.001). Malondialdehyde levels in the resveratrol group were lower than in the saline/detorsion group, and differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Xanthine oxidase levels in the resveratrol group were lower than in the saline/detorsion and torsion groups, and differences between these groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Reduced glutathione levels in the saline/detorsion group were decreased significantly when compared to the torsion and sham operation groups. Reduced glutathione levels in the resveratrol group were significantly higher than in the saline/detorsion group (p < 0.006). Histological examination showed a significant improvement in ovarian morphology in the resveratrol-treated rats compared with the ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion groups.. Our results demonstrated that intraperitoneal resveratrol administration reduced the lipid peroxidation products of ischemic rats and ovarian damage was reduced as indicated by histological examination.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Female; Flavonoids; Ovarian Diseases; Ovary; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Torsion Abnormality; Vitis; Wine

Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Clomiphene; Cysts; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrone; Female; Humans; Ovarian Diseases; Stilbenes; Tritium

Topics: Adult; Amenorrhea; Clomiphene; Cysts; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Ovarian Diseases; Ovary; Stilbenes

Topics: Amenorrhea; Clomiphene; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Diseases; Stilbenes