stilbenes and Alcoholism

The putative cardiovascular risks and benefits of the ingestion of wine and alcohol-containing spirits have been well publicized; however, less attention has been focused upon the health effects of wine and spirits consumption on the respiratory system. This paper will highlight epidemiologic, clinical and experimental data on the effects of wine and distilled spirits [and the chemical components thereof] on lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression, lung cancer risk, risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome, high altitude pulmonary edema and wine [sulfite] associated asthma. Several studies have demonstrated a positive [beneficial] effect of light-to-moderate wine consumption on pulmonary function, while chronic ingestion of distilled spirits may have either no effect, or a negative effect. Studies in Scandinavia, Europe and South America have suggested a possible protective effect of wine ingestion against lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma. Resveratrol [3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene] a polyphenolic compound found in red wine, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and estrogen agonist effects and may be responsible for some of the health benefits of wine. The spectrum of potentially beneficial clinical effects of resveratrol and other wine-derived compounds is discussed.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcoholism; Altitude Sickness; Antioxidants; Asthma; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Sulfites; Wine

This article represents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chair was Albert Y. Sun. The presentations were (1) Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-4502E1 in alcoholic liver disease, by Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg and Etienne Neve; (2) Regulation of NF-kappaB by ethanol, by H. Matsumoto, Y. Nishitani, Y. Minowa, and Y. Fukui; (3) Chronic ethanol consumption increases concentration of oxidized proteins in rat liver, by Shannon M. Bailey, Vinood B. Patel, and Carol C. Cunningham; (4) Antiphospholipids antibodies and oxidized modified low-density lipoprotein in chronic alcoholic patients, by Tomas Zima, Lenka Fialova, Ludmila Mikulikova, Ptr Popov, Ivan Malbohan, Marta Janebova, and Karel Nespor; and (5) Amelioration of ethanol-induced damage by polyphenols, by Albert Y. Sun and Grace Y. Sun.

Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Antioxidants; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Mice; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Polymers; Polyphenols; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

Polydatin has attracted much attention as a potential cardioprotective agent against ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the effect and mechanism of polydatin supplementation on alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) are still unknown. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of polydatin against ACM and to explore the molecular mechanisms with a focus on SIRT6-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and mitochondrial function. The ACM model was established by feeding C57/BL6 mice with an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet for 12 weeks. The mice received polydatin (20 mg kg

Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic; Ethanol; Glucosides; Mice; Sirtuins; Stilbenes

The impact of maternal nutrition on neurodevelopment and neonatal neuroprotection is a research topic with increasing interest. Maternal diet can also have deleterious effects on fetal brain development. Fetal exposure to alcohol is responsible for poor neonatal global development, and may increase brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, one of the major causes of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in newborns. Despite frequent prevention campaigns, about 10% of women in the general population drinks alcohol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study was inspired by this alarming fact. Its aim was to evaluate the beneficial effects of maternal supplementation with two polyphenols during pregnancy and breastfeeding, on hypoxic-ischemic neonate rat brain damages, sensorimotor and cognitive impairments, in a context of moderate maternal alcoholism. Both stilbenoid polyphenols, trans-resveratrol (RSV - 0.15 mg/kg/day), and its hydroxylated analog, trans-piceatannol (PIC - 0.15 mg/kg/day), were administered in the drinking water, containing or not alcohol (0.5 g/kg/day). In a 7-day post-natal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), our data showed that moderate maternal alcoholism does not increase brain lesion volumes measured by MRI but leads to higher motor impairments. RSV supplementation could not reverse the deleterious effects of HI coupled with maternal alcoholism. However, PIC supplementation led to a recovery of all sensorimotor and cognitive functions. This neuroprotection was obtained with a dose of PIC corresponding to the consumption of a single passion fruit per day for a pregnant woman.

Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Ischemia; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Neuroprotection; Neuroprotective Agents; Polyphenols; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

To observe the effects of polydatin on learning and memory and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) kinase activity in the hippocampus of rats with chronic alcoholism.. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, chronic alcoholism group, low and high polydatin group. The rat chronic alcoholism model was established by ethanol 3.0 g/(kg · d) (intragastric administration). The abstinence scoring was used to evaluate the rats withdrawal symptoms; cognitive function was measured by Morris water maze experiment; Cdk5 protein expression in the hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence; Cdk5 kinase activity in the hippocampus was detected by liquid scintillation counting method.. The abstinence score, escape latency, Cdk5 kinase activity in chronic alcoholism group rats were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). The abstinence score, escape latency in high polydatin group rats were significantly lower than those of chronic alcoholism group (P < 0.05); Cdk5 kinase activity in high and low polydatin group rats was significantly lower than that of chronic alcoholism group( P < 0.05); immunofluorescence showed that the Cdk5 positive cells of chronic alcoholism group were significantly increased compared with control group (P < 0.05), and the Cdk5 positive cells of polydatin groups were significantly decreased compared with chronic alcoholism group ( P < 0.05).. Polydatin-reduced the chronic alcoholism damage may interrelate with regulation of Cdk5 kinase activity.

Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Hippocampus; Learning; Memory; Rats; Stilbenes

Ethanol consumption induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell metastasis by changing the extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the cross-linkage of collagen or elastin in the ECM. LOX protein and mRNA overexpression (>21-fold compared with controls, n = 6) was detected in cirrhotic HCC patients with a history of alcoholism. LOX protein expression was induced in HCC cells after long-term treatment with ethanol (10 mM) for 20-40 passages (denoted E20-E40 cells). Pterostilbene (PSB, 1 μM) displayed significant potency to reduce LOX-mediated activity in E40 cells when combined with curcumin and its analogues. The ability of E40 cells to form colonies in soft agar was reduced by both genetic depletion of LOX and by chemical inhibitors of LOX expression. This study suggests that targeting LOX expression with food components such as PSB and curcumin may be a novel strategy to overcome ethanol-induced HCC cell metastasis in liver cancer patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Collagen; Curcumin; Elastin; Ethanol; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Laser Capture Microdissection; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Stilbenes

Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; Glucosides; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stilbenes

Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Stilbenes

Resveratrol is a polyphenol with important antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced mortality and liver lesions in mice.. Mice were randomly distributed into four groups (control, resveratrol-treated control, alcohol and resveratrol-treated alcohol). Chronic alcohol intoxication was induced by progressively administering alcohol in drinking water up to 40% v/v. The mice administered resveratrol received 10 mg/ml in drinking water. The animals had free access to standard diet. Blood levels were determined for transaminases, IL-1 and TNF-alpha. A histological evaluation was made of liver damage, and survival among the animals was recorded.. Transaminase concentration was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the rest of the groups (p < 0.05). IL-1 levels were significantly reduced in the alcohol plus resveratrol group compared with the alcohol group (p < 0.05). TNF-alpha was not detected in any group. Histologically, the liver lesions were more severe in the alcohol group, though no significant differences between groups were observed. Mortality in the alcohol group was 78% in the seventh week, versus 22% in the alcohol plus resveratrol group (p < 0.001). All mice in the alcohol group died before the ninth week.. The results obtained suggest that resveratrol reduces mortality and liver damage in mice.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Alcoholism; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drinking; Eating; Interleukin-1; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Transaminases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha