stevioside and Hyperplasia

Numerous food organizations have identified excessive calorie consumption and accompanying ailments as significant health risks associated with high sugar consumption. Administering stevioside (ST), sucralose (SU), and the two synergically (SU+ST) affected normal rats' weight gain. In the current study, SU showed the highest undesired effect. Indeed, administering the three treatments to diabetic rats (DR) did not improve the rats' weight gain. Although, insulin injection synergically with the treatments improved the weight gain, as recorded after three weeks. The best-improving rate was observed in the ST group. After the administration of ST and ST+SU to the DR, the blood glucose level (GL) was positively affected, with SU having no effects on reducing the GL. A considerable reduction in serum insulin (SIL) was noted in the DR+SU group. On the contrary, ST did not negatively affect the SIL, rather an improvement was recorded. In addition, giving SU did not significantly affect the ALT level in the DR or normal rats (NR). A significant improvement in total bilirubin (TBILI) was observed when insulin was injected with ST or SU in DR groups. Further, triglycerides (TG) after administering ST, SU, or ST+SU to NR had no significant difference compared to the control group (NR). Although, the three treatments markedly but not significantly lowered TG in the DR. For total cholesterol (CHO), both DR and NR had no significant effect after the three treatments. No histopathological alterations were recorded in the NR group. Diffuse and severe atrophy of the islands of Langerhans due to depletion of their cells and mild papillary hyperplasia of the pancreatic ducts were represented by a slightly folded ductal basement membrane and newly formed ductules in STZ-DR. Simultaneous atrophy and absence of the cells of islands of Langerhans besides ductal hyperplasia were evident in DR+SU. Hyperplastic ductal epithelium and atrophic Langerhans cells were seen in DR+SU+In. Degeneration and mild atrophy were observed in the islands of Langerhans structures. There was essentially no noticeable change after utilizing ST. A slight shrinkage of the Langerhans' islets was detected in DR+ST. In DR+ST+In, no histopathological alterations in the islands of Langerhans were recorded. Congestion in the stromal blood vessels associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in the cells of the islands of Langerhans in DR+SU+ST was observed. In NR+SU, congestion of the blood vessels ass

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Humans; Hyperplasia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Islets of Langerhans; Rats; Sucrose; Weight Gain

The effects of three sweeteners, sodium saccharin, aspartame and stevioside, on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were evaluated. Male F344 rats were given 0.01% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then the test sweeteners in their diet for 32 weeks. All surviving rats were sacrificed after 36 weeks, and examined histologically. Treatment with sodium saccharin significantly increased the incidence and extent of preneoplastic lesions, papillary or nodular (PN) hyperplasia, in rats treated with BBN for 4 weeks. Administration of 5% aspartame or 5% stevioside in the diet did not, however, affect the incidence or extent of PN hyperplasia in BBN-treated rats. No preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder were observed in rats treated with the test sweeteners only. The results with sodium saccharin were consistent with those in our previous experiments. The data also suggest that aspartame and stevioside do not promote bladder carcinogenesis.

Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine; Diterpenes; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Glucosides; Hyperplasia; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Terpenes; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms