stevioside and Diabetes-Mellitus

Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Glucosides; Glycosides; Humans

With continued efforts to find solutions to rising rates of obesity and diabetes, there is increased interest in the potential health benefits of the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs). Concerns about safety often deter the use of LNCSs as a tool in helping control caloric intake, even though the safety of LNCS use has been affirmed by regulatory agencies worldwide. In many cases, an understanding of the biological fate of the different LNSCs can help health professionals to address safety concerns. The objectives of this review are to compare the similarities and differences in the chemistry, regulatory status, and biological fate (including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of the commonly used LNCSs: acesulfame potassium, aspartame, saccharin, stevia leaf extract (steviol glycoside), and sucralose. Understanding the biological fate of the different LNCSs is helpful in evaluating whether reports of biological effects in animal studies or in humans are indicative of possible safety concerns. Illustrations of the usefulness of this information to address questions about LNCSs include discussion of systemic exposure to LNCSs, the use of sweetener combinations, and the potential for effects of LNCSs on the gut microflora.

Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Diabetes Mellitus; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Energy Intake; Glucosides; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Microbiota; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines

Many different dietary supplements are currently marketed for the management of hypertension and diabetes, but the evidence for effectiveness is mixed. The objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise and evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) on cardiovascular risk factors, using data from randomised clinical trials (RCTs).. Electronic searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Amed, Cinahl and The Cochrane Library. We also searched Google Scholar, and hand searched the bibliography of retrieved full texts. The reporting quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane criteria. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility, assessed the reporting quality, and extracted the data.. Nine studies with a total of 756 participants were included. There was a variation in the reporting quality of included studies. Meta-analysis revealed a non-significant difference in systolic blood pressure between steviol glycoside and placebo, mean difference (MD): -2.98 mm Hg (-6.23 to 0.27). Significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were observed. There was no significant effect on blood lipid profile. Heterogeneity was significant. Adverse events included abdominal fullness, epigastric pain, and dizziness.. The evidence from published RCTs suggests that stevioside may generate reductions in blood pressure and fasting blood glucose. The sizes of the effects are small, and the substantial heterogeneity limits the robustness of any conclusions. Rebaudioside A does not appear to have any significant effects on blood pressure or cardiovascular risk factors. Available clinical trials vary in design and reporting quality, and some are characterised by inadequate sample sizes. In addition, the participants in most of the trials have high cardiovascular risk. Further clinical trials and regulatory assessments are warranted.

Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplements; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Glucosides; Humans; Hypertension; Protective Factors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sweetening Agents

The placenta provides maternal-fetal nutrient transport. The primary source of energy for fetus development is glucose and maternal-fetal glucose transport occurs through glucose transporters (GLUTs). Stevioside, a component of

Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Glucose Transporter Type 3; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Insulin; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats