sq-23377 and Leukocytosis

Iron deficiency is likely the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide; low iron concentrations have been related to alterations in immune system functions; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of low serum iron (LSI) concentrations on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood leukocytes in 8- to 12-y-old children from a local community.. We obtained 120 blood samples and determined full blood counts and serum iron concentrations. An LSI and a control group, paired by age and sex were established using serum iron <60 μg/dL as the cutoff point. Ferritin and C-reactive protein concentrations were quantified. Serum interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were measured in these groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A second blood sample was taken from children in both groups to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and measure IFN-γ and TNF-α production by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide/phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin-stimulated leukocytes in vitro.. Of the participants in the present study, 17.5% (21 children) presented LSI, as well as decreased ferritin concentrations. Differential counts from total blood samples showed a significant increase in leukocyte numbers in the LSI group, along with increased neutrophil frequencies and numbers but decreased lymphocyte frequencies. Decreased serum IFN-γ concentrations and decreased in vitro production of IFN-γ by PBMCs were found in the LSI group.. The results of the present study suggest that low iron levels alter leukocyte subpopulations in circulation and have a detrimental effect on leukocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines after an antigenic challenge.

Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Asymptomatic Diseases; Blood Cell Count; C-Reactive Protein; Calcium Ionophores; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Ionomycin; Iron; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Leukocytosis; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mexico; Mitogens; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The effect of labour and different labour-related factors on the cord blood (CB) cell cytokine production is still relatively unknown.. To study the relationships between the production of IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ in CB samples and maternal, early neonatal and birth-related factors.. Whole-blood samples were collected after birth (n=423) and they were stimulated for 24 and 48 h with a combination of phorbol ester and ionomycin. Production of IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ was determined using ELISA. Maternal, early neonatal and birth-related variables were recorded prospectively during pregnancy, and during and after delivery.. After multivariable adjustment for confounders, the strongest predictor of IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ production in CB cell samples was the season of birth. Children born in the spring had significantly lower cytokine responses compared with those born in the fall. IL-5 production was inversely associated with female gender of the child and maternal smoking. If corrections for white blood cell (WBC) counts were not performed, IL-5 production was also significantly associated with the mode of delivery. Respectively, the production of IL-10 and IFN-γ was inversely associated with prostaglandin induction before birth.. Environmental exposure to pollen and ultraviolet irradiation during gestation may have an effect on the cytokine profile of the offspring in CB because children born in the spring or winter showed the lowest IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ responses. The production of IL-10 and IFN-γ was also inversely associated with prostaglandin labour induction before birth. Other labour-related factors were not significantly associated with production of IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ after WBC count correction.

Topics: Blood Cells; Chi-Square Distribution; Delivery, Obstetric; Enterotoxins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fetal Blood; Finland; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-5; Ionomycin; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Pollen; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Seasons; Sex Factors; Smoking; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays