Page last updated: 2024-11-07

spironolactone and Pregnancy

spironolactone has been researched along with Pregnancy in 115 studies

Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)
spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The anti-hypertensive effect of spironolactone and thiabutazide was tested on 47 unselected patients with primary hypertension."7.65[Spironolactone and thiabutazide in the treatment of essential hypertension (author's transl)]. ( Braun, B; Klaus, D; Klump, F; Lemke, R; Zehner, J; Zöfel, P, 1975)
" The recent introduction of a novel, long-acting testosterone formulation (testosterone undecanoate) which only requires one intramuscular injection every 3 months, together with the already available hydroalcoholic testosterone gels, appear to be promising alternatives to the previous standard substitution therapy for male hypogonadism."4.83[The latest developments in endocrinology 2004/2005]. ( Fottner, C; Weber, MM, 2006)
" Blood pressure was normal during treatment with spironolactone and during pregnancy, when the action of aldosterone and other similar steroids was presumably blocked by an increased production of progesterone; this suggests that the hypertension is dependent upon sodium-retaining steroids such as aldosterone."3.66Overproduction of sodium-retaining steroids by the zona glomerulosa is adrenocorticotropin-dependent and mediates hypertension in dexamethasone-suppressible aldosteronism. ( Bartter, FC; Gill, JR, 1981)
"The anti-hypertensive effect of spironolactone and thiabutazide was tested on 47 unselected patients with primary hypertension."3.65[Spironolactone and thiabutazide in the treatment of essential hypertension (author's transl)]. ( Braun, B; Klaus, D; Klump, F; Lemke, R; Zehner, J; Zöfel, P, 1975)
"Spironolactone, which has been shown to have antiandrogen action in mature male rats, was given to pregnant rats from day 14 of pregnancy until delivery in a dose equivalent to the 400-mg adult human regimen."3.65Lack of effect of spironolactone on male genital development. ( Reckler, JM; Regestein, Q; Rose, LI, 1975)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension."3.01Primary aldosteronism in pregnancy. ( Forestiero, V; Monticone, S; Mulatero, P; Sconfienza, E, 2023)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension."2.52Progress in primary aldosteronism: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and management of primary aldosteronism in pregnancy. ( Reincke, M; Riester, A, 2015)
"Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy."2.52[Hypertension in the course of primary aldosteronism during pregnancy]. ( Chudek, J; Maruniak-Chudek, I; Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M; Sikora, J; Wyskida, K; Wyskida, M, 2015)
"Acne vulgaris is a common reason why adult women present to dermatologists and can be a clinical challenge to treat."2.48Acne in the adult female patient: a practical approach. ( Kamangar, F; Shinkai, K, 2012)
"Pregnancy is rare in women with decompensated chronic liver disease."2.47Successful pregnancy outcome in decompensated chronic liver disease with portal vein thrombosis: case report and review of literature. ( Hussain, R; Kamani, L; Kumar, M; Siddique, S, 2011)
"Considerations for treating acne in adult women include childbearing potential, pregnancy, lactation, and concomitant skin conditions."1.48Treating Acne in Adult Women. ( Alexis, AF; Harper, JC; Stein Gold, LF; Tan, JKL, 2018)
"Spironolactone treatment resulted in decreased blood pressure and rise in serum potassium levels."1.46Apparent mineralocorticoid excess and the long term treatment of genetic hypertension. ( Khattab, A; New, MI; Razzaghy-Azar, M; Yau, M, 2017)
"Echocardiography showed 73% dilated cardiomyopathy; 83% showed moderate to severe LV systolic dysfunction (mean EF 36."1.43Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and outcomes in congestive heart failure at the Hospital of The State University of Haiti. ( Malebranche, R; Morisset, PH; Raphael, NA; Tabou Moyo, C; Wilentz, JR, 2016)
"Enalapril was continued for 42 days."1.38Therapeutic challenges and management of heart failure during pregnancy (part I). ( Bilińska, ZT; Czajkowski, K; Dangel, J; Demkow, M; Dzielińska, Z; Konka, M; Kryczka, K; Przybylski, A; Różański, J; Szczudlik, J, 2012)
"Our study confirms pregnancy is more difficult to manage at the beginning of MG."1.33[Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy: clinical course and management of delivery and the postpartum phase]. ( de Seze, J; Defebvre, L; Delalande, S; Delrieu, O; Destée, A; Fourrier, F; Leys, D; Ramirez, C; Stojkovic, T; Vermersch, P, 2006)
"The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is often difficult and calls for a broader use of pharmacological and electrodiagnostic tests."1.24MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: MEDICAL ASPECTS. ( BUCKLER, WS; ZELDOWICZ, LR, 1965)

Research

Studies (115)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199069 (60.00)18.7374
1990's11 (9.57)18.2507
2000's6 (5.22)29.6817
2010's26 (22.61)24.3611
2020's3 (2.61)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Nickisch, K2
Bittler, D2
Laurent, H2
Losert, W2
Nishino, Y2
Schillinger, E2
Wiechert, R2
Forestiero, V1
Sconfienza, E1
Mulatero, P1
Monticone, S1
Cao, N1
Lan, C1
Chen, C1
Xu, Z1
Luo, H1
Zheng, S1
Gong, X1
Ren, H1
Li, Z1
Qu, S1
Yu, C1
Yang, J1
Jose, PA1
Chen, Y1
Wu, G1
Hu, C1
Yu, J1
Zeng, C1
Amar, J1
Angoulvant, T1
Boivin, JM1
Amar, L1
Lantelme, P1
Blacher, J1
Plu-Bureau, G1
Vehier, CM1
Vaksmann, G1
Lucidarme, S1
Henriet, E1
Olatunji, LA3
Usman, TO2
Akinade, AI1
Adeyanju, OA1
Kim, I2
Soladoye, AO1
Harper, JC1
Stein Gold, LF1
Alexis, AF1
Tan, JKL1
Liszewski, W1
Boull, C1
Badmus, OO2
West, CA1
Shaw, S1
Sasser, JM1
Fekete, A1
Alexander, T1
Cunningham, MW1
Masilamani, SM2
Baylis, C1
Lewey, J1
Haythe, J1
Riester, A1
Reincke, M1
Seres, A1
Ducza, E1
Gáspár, R1
Wyskida, M1
Wyskida, K1
Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M1
Maruniak-Chudek, I1
Sikora, J1
Chudek, J1
Moreno, LE1
Bonnell, A1
Neher, JO1
Safranek, S1
Pieper, PG1
Razzaghy-Azar, M1
Yau, M1
Khattab, A1
New, MI1
Malebranche, R1
Tabou Moyo, C1
Morisset, PH1
Raphael, NA1
Wilentz, JR1
Morton, A2
Laurie, J1
de Arriba, G1
Sánchez-Heras, M1
Basterrechea, MA1
Speake, PF1
Glazier, JD1
Greenwood, SL1
Sibley, CP1
Yim, HE1
Kim, JH1
Yoo, KH1
Bae, IS1
Jang, GY1
Hong, YS1
Lee, JW1
West, C1
Zhang, Z1
Ecker, G1
Panitz, B1
Bush, A1
Fikri Benbrahim, O1
García Agudo, R1
Cazalla Cadenas, F1
Martínez Calero, A1
González-Spínola, J1
Kumar, M1
Kamani, L1
Hussain, R1
Siddique, S1
Cabassi, A1
Rocco, R1
Berretta, R1
Regolisti, G1
Bacchi-Modena, A1
Crovetto, F1
Moroni, G1
Zaina, B1
Acaia, B1
Ossola, MW1
Fedele, L1
Kryczka, K1
Dzielińska, Z1
Przybylski, A1
Szczudlik, J1
Dangel, J1
Konka, M1
Czajkowski, K1
Różański, J1
Bilińska, ZT1
Demkow, M1
Kamangar, F1
Shinkai, K1
STARK, G1
CATTANEO, G2
DE LUCA, S2
DEMARTINIS, C1
FONZO, D1
PATRINI, G1
BROWN, JJ2
DAVIES, DL2
LEVER, AF2
ROBERTSON, JI2
CRANE, MG1
ANDES, JP1
HARRIS, JJ1
SLATE, WG1
FREZZA, M1
MAROUDIS, D1
HALKINDAKIS, J1
PSILAKIS, D1
SAKLARIDES, J1
HIRSCH, MR1
MARK, MS1
CHAPIS, NJ1
DELVAGLIO, B1
MAGNIN, P1
PELISSIER, B1
ZELDOWICZ, LR1
BUCKLER, WS1
BOUCHER, BJ1
MASON, AS1
LONGO, LD1
ASSALI, NS1
RICHTER, RH1
ARNOLD, M1
Fottner, C1
Weber, MM1
Ramirez, C1
de Seze, J1
Delrieu, O1
Stojkovic, T1
Delalande, S1
Fourrier, F1
Leys, D1
Defebvre, L1
Destée, A1
Vermersch, P1
Glavas, MM1
Yu, WK1
Weinberg, J1
Koizumi, M1
Yada, T1
Gill, JR1
Bartter, FC1
Nagi, S1
Virgo, BB1
Scoggins, BA1
Coghlan, JP1
Kallen, RJ1
Aronson, DJ1
Churchill, S1
Bengele, HH1
Melby, JC2
Alexander, EA1
Molinatti, GM2
Hecker, A1
Hasan, SH1
Neumann, F1
Groves, TD1
Corenblum, B1
Vĕtr, M1
Sobek, A1
Rigó, J1
Gláz, E1
Papp, Z1
de Macedo, IL1
Calderón, RB1
Müller-Berghaus, J1
Homoki, J1
Michalk, DV1
Querfeld, U1
Koloszár, S1
Szöllösi, J1
Bártfai, G1
Kubisch, HM1
Mathialagan, S1
Gómez-Sánchez, EP1
Huang, Y1
Wang, DH1
Brooks, JR1
Steelman, SL1
Patanelli, DJ1
Lammintausta, R1
Erkkola, R1
Choe, J1
Stern, P1
Feldman, D1
Horký, K1
Hájek, Z1
Gregorová, I1
Vancura, J1
Silinková-Málková, E1
Pokorný, A1
Hall, WD1
Reisert, VP1
Kistner, M1
Boink, AB2
Kruyswijk, HH2
Willebrands, AF2
Maas, AH2
Külpmann, WR1
Spiegelhalder, B1
Wilk, C1
Breuer, H3
MacGillivray, I1
Campbell, DM1
Wilson, GM1
Klump, F1
Braun, B1
Klaus, D1
Lemke, R1
Zehner, J1
Zöfel, P1
Loggie, JM1
Kleinman, LI1
Van Maanen, EF1
Rose, LI1
Regestein, Q1
Reckler, JM1
Gayral, MN1
Millet, D1
Netter, A1
Mitchell, JB1
Betito, K1
Rowe, W1
Boksa, P1
Meaney, MJ1
Beier, S1
Elger, W1
Kairaitis, K1
Lumbers, ER1
Cooke, RG1
Benhaj, KM1
Quirk, SJ1
Gannell, JE1
Funder, JW1
Jaussan, V1
Lemarchand-Béraud, T1
Gómez, F1
Kincaid-Smith, P2
Zander, J1
Goebel, R1
Kuhn, W1
Selye, H2
Taché, Y1
Szabo, S1
Hussey, HH1
Lagrue, G1
Fournier, A1
Beevers, DG1
Ferriss, JB1
Fraser, R1
Crocker, AD1
Hinsull, SM1
Felder, KD1
Wernze, H1
Brunswig, D1
Jambroes, G1
Yagil, R1
Etzion, Z1
Berlyne, GM1
Mackay, EV1
Khoo, SK1
Adsett, G1
Zymanska, S1
Anderton, JL1
Slawov, I1
Inoue, K1
Yamashita, F1
Nagayama, T1
Ivanov, IP1
Shekhtman, MM1
Zhav, B1
Bolch, OH1
Warren, JC1
Spark, RF1
Klink, R2
Lichton, IR2
Nocke, L1
Nocke, W1
Seassaro, E1
Pellegrini, R1
Huchzermeyer, H1
Kavunets, GP1
Lichton, IJ2
Rasa, AP1
Hugh, JE2
Sassi, D1
D'Avossa, T1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Topical Silymarin Cream Versus Salicylic Acid Peeling in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: Split Face Study[NCT04490967]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-30Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

18 reviews available for spironolactone and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Primary aldosteronism in pregnancy.
    Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2023, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Eplerenone; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

2023
    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2019, Volume: 48, Issue:11 Pt 1

    Topics: Age Factors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypertension

2019
Lack of evidence for feminization of males exposed to spironolactone in utero: A systematic review.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2019, Volume: 80, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Diuretics; Edema; Female; Feminization; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; P

2019
Cardiomyopathy in pregnancy.
    Seminars in perinatology, 2014, Volume: 38, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

2014
Progress in primary aldosteronism: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and management of primary aldosteronism in pregnancy.
    European journal of endocrinology, 2015, Volume: 172, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Disease Management; Eplerenone; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Mineralocorticoid Recep

2015
[Hypertension in the course of primary aldosteronism during pregnancy].
    Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), 2015, Feb-15, Volume: 69

    Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channel Blockers; Aldosterone; Amiloride; Antihypertensive Agents; Eplerenone; Fema

2015
Clinical Inquiry: What therapies alleviate symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?
    The Journal of family practice, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:4

    Topics: Body Mass Index; Contraceptives, Oral; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductas

2015
Use of medication for cardiovascular disease during pregnancy.
    Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2015, Volume: 12, Issue:12

    Topics: Amiodarone; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiovascul

2015
Successful pregnancy outcome in decompensated chronic liver disease with portal vein thrombosis: case report and review of literature.
    European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Ascites; Blood Transfusion; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Hepatit

2011
Pregnancy in women with Alport syndrome.
    International urology and nephrology, 2013, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cesarean Section; Female; Follow-Up Studies; G

2013
Acne in the adult female patient: a practical approach.
    International journal of dermatology, 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:10

    Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Androgen Antagonists; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Dermatologic

2012
[SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM. PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS].
    La Clinica terapeutica, 1963, Oct-15, Volume: 27

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Angiotensins; Blood Transfusion; Capillary Permeability; Diet; Diet Therapy

1963
[The latest developments in endocrinology 2004/2005].
    Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 2006, Jan-15, Volume: 101, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and

2006
Primary hyperaldosteronism.
    Pharmacology & therapeutics, 1980, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Amiloride; Diagnosis, Differential; F

1980
Diuretics: mechanism of action and clinical application.
    Drugs, 1975, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Amiloride; Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Diabetes Insipidus; Diuretics; Diuretics

1975
Protection by catatoxic steroids against cyclophosphamide-induced organ lesions.
    Virchows Archiv. A, Pathology. Pathologische Anatomie, 1970, Volume: 351, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Cyclophosphamide; Desoxycorticosterone; Enzyme In

1970
The use of spironolactone in the diagnosis and the treatment of hypertension associated with mineralocorticoid excess.
    American heart journal, 1973, Volume: 86, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Antihypertensive Agents; Carc

1973
Diuretics. II. Clinical considerations.
    Drugs, 1971, Volume: 1, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminophylline; Ascites; Calcium; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbonic Anhydrase I

1971

Trials

3 trials available for spironolactone and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Low dose spironolactone in the treatment of female hyperandrogenemia and hirsutism.
    Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultatis Medicae, 1993, Volume: 135

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Infant, Newborn; Luteinizing Hormone

1993
[Ovulation induction with adjuvant antiandrogen treatment in Stein-Leventhal syndrome].
    Orvosi hetilap, 1996, Nov-17, Volume: 137, Issue:46

    Topics: Adult; Androgen Antagonists; Anovulation; Cyproterone Acetate; Dexamethasone; Female; Humans; Hypera

1996
A clinical study of the effects of an aldosterone antagonist (Aldactone-A) and a thiazide diuretic (Enduron) in pregnancy.
    The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology, 1969, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Chlorine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Methyclothiazide; Minera

1969

Other Studies

94 other studies available for spironolactone and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Aldosterone antagonists. 3. Synthesis and activities of steroidal 7 alpha-(alkoxycarbonyl)-15,16-methylene spirolactones.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1990, Volume: 33, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Female; Male; Mineralocorticoid Receptor A

1990
Prenatal Lipopolysaccharides Exposure Induces Transgenerational Inheritance of Hypertension.
    Circulation, 2022, 10-04, Volume: 146, Issue:14

    Topics: Animals; Cyclic N-Oxides; Female; Histone Demethylases; Histones; Hypertension; Jumonji Domain-Conta

2022
Fetal ventricular tachycardia: betablockers should be the first line treatment.
    Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction, 2021, Volume: 50, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Diuretics; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Inf

2021
Low-dose spironolactone ameliorates insulin resistance and suppresses elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 during gestational testosterone exposure.
    Archives of physiology and biochemistry, 2017, Volume: 123, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking; Dyslipi

2017
Treating Acne in Adult Women.
    Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery, 2018, Volume: 37, Issue:3S

    Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Contraindications, Drug; Dermatologic Agents;

2018
Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade attenuates disrupted glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and elevated endoglin in the hearts of pregnant rats exposed to testosterone.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2019, Volume: 392, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Endoglin; Eplerenone; Female; Gestational Age; Glutathione; Mineralocorticoid

2019
Involvement of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in lipid accumulation and depressed G6PD activity in the livers of rats treated with postpartum oral estrogen-progestin.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2019, Volume: 392, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Estrogens; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Glucose; Glucosephosp

2019
Chronic vasodilation increases renal medullary PDE5A and α-ENaC through independent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathways.
    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2013, Nov-15, Volume: 305, Issue:10

    Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Blood Pr

2013
[Investigation of gestagenic effect of raw drone milk in rats].
    Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica, 2014, Volume: 84, Issue:2

    Topics: Androgens; Animals; Bees; Blotting, Western; Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein; Drug Therapy, Combina

2014
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess and the long term treatment of genetic hypertension.
    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2017, Volume: 165, Issue:Pt A

    Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; D

2017
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and outcomes in congestive heart failure at the Hospital of The State University of Haiti.
    American heart journal, 2016, Volume: 178

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotens

2016
Eplerenone in the management of resistant hypertension with obstructive sleep apnoea in pregnancy.
    Pregnancy hypertension, 2017, Volume: 7

    Topics: Adult; Eplerenone; Female; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Obesity, Morbid; Pre-Ecla

2017
Gitelman syndrome during pregnancy: a therapeutic challenge.
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2009, Volume: 280, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Diuretics; Female; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; Pr

2009
Aldosterone and cortisol acutely stimulate Na+/H+ exchanger activity in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta: effect of fetal sex.
    Placenta, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Aldosterone; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mifepristone; Placenta; Pregnanc

2010
Spironolactone, but not enalapril, potentiates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and Ets-1 expression in newborn rat kidney.
    Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2010, Volume: 61, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enalapril; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Hypoxia-Ind

2010
Increased renal alpha-epithelial sodium channel (ENAC) protein and increased ENAC activity in normal pregnancy.
    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2010, Volume: 299, Issue:5

    Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers; Epithelial Sodium Channels; Eplerenone; Fema

2010
Eplerenone for gitelman syndrome in pregnancy.
    Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2011, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Eplerenone; Female; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Live Birth; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; M

2011
[Diagnosis of secondary hypertension causing miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy].
    Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:2

    Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Adult; Antihypertensive Age

2011
Eplerenone use in primary aldosteronism during pregnancy.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2012, Volume: 59, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Adult; Eplerenone; Female; Follow-U

2012
Therapeutic challenges and management of heart failure during pregnancy (part I).
    Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Digitalis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enalapril; Female; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Humans; M

2012
[Our experiences with the aldosterone blocking agent, aldactone in obstetrics].
    Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 1962, Volume: 22

    Topics: Aldosterone; Body Fluids; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Obstetr

1962
[On the use of spironolactone in water and salt retention in pregnancy toxemia].
    Annali di ostetricia e ginecologia, 1962, Volume: 84

    Topics: Female; Humans; Hypernatremia; Natriuresis; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Spironolactone; Toxemia; Water

1962
[Spirolactone and lipoprotein metabolism in nephropathy in pregnancy].
    Annali di ostetricia e ginecologia, 1962, Volume: 84

    Topics: Blood Proteins; Edema; Female; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lipoprote

1962
[APROPOS OF BACTEREMIC SHOCK IN OBSTETRICS].
    Quaderni di clinica ostetrica e ginecologica, 1963, Volume: 18

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Communicable Diseases;

1963
VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION IN SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STATES.
    Canadian Medical Association journal, 1964, Jan-25, Volume: 90

    Topics: Addison Disease; Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Blood Chemical Analysis; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Live

1964
PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN PREGNANCY.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Volume: 23

    Topics: Adolescent; Black People; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Epistaxis; Female

1964
[OBSERVATIONS ON RENAL ACTIVITY OF THE SPIROLACTONES].
    Gazzetta internazionale di medicina e chirurgia, 1963, Dec-15, Volume: 67

    Topics: Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Edema; Female; Humans; Kidney; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Phar

1963
THE EFFECT OF 17-SPIRONOLACTONES IN TOXEMIA.
    The Journal of the International College of Surgeons, 1964, Volume: 42

    Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Drug Therapy; Ed

1964
PSEUDOTOXEMIA AND ERYTHROBLASTOSIS. REPORT OF A CASE.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Volume: 24

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anemia; Chlorothiazide; Diet; Diet Therapy; Edema; Erythroblastosis, Fe

1964
PORTACAVAL SHUNT PERFORMED DURING PREGNANCY.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Sep-15, Volume: 90

    Topics: Chlorothiazide; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Gastrointestinal He

1964
[EDEMAS AND SPIRONOLACTONES].
    La Riforma medica, 1964, Aug-01, Volume: 78

    Topics: Edema; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Nephritis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premenstru

1964
[THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF THE COMBINATION OF A SALIDIURETIC AND SPIRONOLACTONE IN OBSTETRICS. APROPOS OF 15 CASES].
    Lyon medical, 1965, Feb-28, Volume: 213

    Topics: Adolescent; Diuretics; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy; Edema; Female; Humans; Obstetrics; Pregnancy; S

1965
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: MEDICAL ASPECTS.
    Canadian Medical Association journal, 1965, Jul-31, Volume: 93

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Botulism; Bromides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decamethonium Compounds; Diagnosis; Di

1965
CONN'S SYNDROME WITH ASSOCIATED PREGNANCY.
    Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1965, Volume: 58

    Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Blood; Dexamethasone; Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronis

1965
Effects of antialdosterone compounds (spirolactones) on the antinatruresis of the upright position in pregnancy.
    Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 1960, Volume: 110

    Topics: Aldosterone; Body Fluids; Female; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Pregnancy; Sodium;

1960
[Observations on the effect of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone (aldactone) in normal and toxemic pregnancy (preliminary report)].
    Gynaecologia. International monthly review of obstetrics and gynecology. Revue internationale mensuelle d'obstetrique et de gynecologie. Monatsschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Gynakologie, 1961, Volume: 152

    Topics: Aldosterone; Antihypertensive Agents; Diuretics; Female; Hormone Antagonists; Humans; Mineralocortic

1961
[Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy: clinical course and management of delivery and the postpartum phase].
    Revue neurologique, 2006, Volume: 162, Issue:3

    Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Adult; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Delivery, Obs

2006
Effects of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor blockade on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in female rats prenatally exposed to ethanol.
    Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2006, Volume: 30, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Body Weight; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Feed

2006
Sub-chronic stimulation of glucocorticoid receptor impairs and mineralocorticoid receptor protects cytosolic Ca2+ responses to glucose in pancreatic beta-cells.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 2008, Volume: 197, Issue:2

    Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Calcium; Corticosterone; Cytosol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gl

2008
Overproduction of sodium-retaining steroids by the zona glomerulosa is adrenocorticotropin-dependent and mediates hypertension in dexamethasone-suppressible aldosteronism.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1981, Volume: 53, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aldosterone; Aminoglutethimide; Child, Preschool

1981
The effects of spironolactone on reproductive functions in female rats and mice.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 66, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Estradiol; Estrus; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Litter

1982
Metabolic alkalosis in identical twins receiving a low-chloride formula (pseudo-Bartter's syndrome).
    Canadian Medical Association journal, 1980, Sep-20, Volume: 123, Issue:6

    Topics: Alkalosis; Chlorides; Diseases in Twins; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Hypokalemia; Infant Food; Potass

1980
Role of aldosterone in sodium retention of pregnancy in the rat.
    The American journal of physiology, 1981, Volume: 240, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Animals; Female; Kidney; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Sodium; Sp

1981
[Can the anti-androgenic effect of spironolactone contraindicate its use in pregnancy?].
    Minerva ginecologica, 1980, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Female; Fetus; Genitalia, Male; Hirsutism;

1980
[Can the anti-androgenic effect of spironolactone contraindicate its use in pregnancy?].
    Minerva medica, 1980, Oct-13, Volume: 71, Issue:39

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Animals; Female; Fetus; Genitalia, Mal

1980
Disturbances in sexual differentiation of rat foetuses following spironolactone treatment.
    Acta endocrinologica, 1980, Volume: 95, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Female; Feminization; Fetus; Male; Penis; Pregnancy; Prostate; Rats; Sex Differentiation; S

1980
Spironolactone therapy during human pregnancy.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1995, Volume: 172, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bartter Syndrome; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

1995
Low or high doses of spironolactone for treatment of maternal Bartter's syndrome.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1996, Volume: 174, Issue:1 Pt 1

    Topics: Bartter Syndrome; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Spironolactone

1996
[Nonimmune fetal edema].
    Revista medica de Panama, 1995, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anemia, Macrocytic; Apgar Score; Cardiotonic Agents; Digoxin; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hydr

1995
Diagnosis and treatment of a child with the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess type 1.
    Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:1

    Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Failure to Thrive; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans;

1996
Modulation of blood pressure in the Dahl SS/jr rat by embryo transfer.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1998, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Pt 2

    Topics: Adult; Aging; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Ventricles; Embryo Transfer; Female; Genotype; Human

1998
Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in salt-sensitive hypertension induced by sensory denervation.
    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2001, Volume: 281, Issue:5

    Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Capsaicin; Denervation; Female; Hypertension; Min

2001
Biological spectrum of two spirolactone derivatives with some observations on anti-fertility activity.
    Steroids, 1977, Volume: 29, Issue:6

    Topics: Androgens; Animals; Castration; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; E

1977
Effect of spironolactone treatment on the renin-aldosterone system during pregnancy.
    International journal of clinical pharmacology and biopharmacy, 1979, Volume: 17, Issue:7

    Topics: Aldosterone; Canrenone; Female; Humans; Potassium; Pregnancy; Renin; Sodium; Spironolactone; Time Fa

1979
Receptor mediated glucocorticoid inhibition of protein synthesis in isolated bone cells.
    Journal of steroid biochemistry, 1978, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cortodoxone; Dexamethasone; Estradiol; Female; Parathyroid Hormone; Pregnan

1978
[Effect of pregnancy and long-term treatment with spirolactone on the clinical and laboratory picture of primary hyperaldosteronism].
    Vnitrni lekarstvi, 1978, Volume: 24, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Spironolactone

1978
Clinical use of diuretics in congestive heart failure.
    Medical times, 1979, Volume: 107, Issue:1

    Topics: Amiloride; Benzothiadiazines; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Humans;

1979
[Clinically significant cross reactions in radioimmunological determination of digoxin].
    Fortschritte der Medizin, 1977, Jan-20, Volume: 95, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cross Reactions; Digoxin; False Positive Reactions; Female; Human

1977
Some factors affecting a commercial kit for radioimmunoassay of digoxin using tritiated digoxin.
    Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie, 1977, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cross Reactions; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Ethanol; Female;

1977
[Effect of spirolactones on the urinary excretion of individual 17-oxosteroids and of pregnanediol in man (author's transl)].
    Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie, 1977, Volume: 15, Issue:7

    Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Canrenoic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnadienes; Pregnancy; Pregnanediol;

1977
A prospective study of factors affecting intrauterine growth (with an emphasis on blood pressure and diuretics).
    Perspectives in nephrology and hypertension, 1976, Volume: 5

    Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Body Water; Diet; Diuretics; Female;

1976
[Spironolactone and thiabutazide in the treatment of essential hypertension (author's transl)].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1975, Mar-21, Volume: 100, Issue:12

    Topics: Aldosterone; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Butanes; Female; Furosemide; Huma

1975
Renal function and diuretic therapy in infants and children. Part II.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 1975, Volume: 86, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetazolamide; Aldosterone; Benzothiadiazines; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Child; Diuretics; Diur

1975
Lack of effect of spironolactone on male genital development.
    Investigative urology, 1975, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Female; Fetus; Genitalia, Male; Hypospadias; Male; Pregnancy;

1975
[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Notes on the physiopathology and treatment apropos of 3 cases].
    Journal de gynecologie, obstetrique et biologie de la reproduction, 1975, Volume: 4, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Ascites; Capillary Permeability; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Hu

1975
Serotonergic regulation of type II corticosteroid receptor binding in hippocampal cell cultures: evidence for the importance of serotonin-induced changes in cAMP levels.
    Neuroscience, 1992, Volume: 48, Issue:3

    Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Amphetamines; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Female;

1992
Aldosterone antagonists. 4. Synthesis and activities of steroidal 6,6-ethylene-15,16-methylene 17-spirolactones.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1991, Volume: 34, Issue:8

    Topics: Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Endometrium; Female; Male; Miner

1991
The influence of endogenous mineralocorticoids on the composition of fetal urine.
    Journal of developmental physiology, 1990, Volume: 13, Issue:6

    Topics: Aldosterone; Amiloride; Animals; Chlorides; Female; Fetus; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Mineralocorti

1990
A possible role for testosterone during luteolysis in the ewe.
    Research in veterinary science, 1988, Volume: 45, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arachis; Estrus; Female; Luteolysis; Plant Oils; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Sheep; Spironolac

1988
Adrenocorticoid-dependent alpha-lactalbumin synthesis in rat mammary gland explants: antagonist studies.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 1986, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Aldosterone; Androstanols; Animals; Culture Techniques; Dexamethasone; Female; Glucocorticoids; Lact

1986
Modifications of the gonadal function in the adult rat after fetal exposure to spironolactone.
    Biology of reproduction, 1985, Volume: 32, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cytosol; Female; Fetus; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Genitalia; Gonadal Ster

1985
Management of severe hypertension.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1973, Sep-20, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Diazoxide; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Disseminated Intra

1973
[Hypertension in pregnancy (author's transl)].
    MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1974, Apr-05, Volume: 116, Issue:14

    Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Estriol; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Heart; Fetoscopy; Guanethidine; Humans;

1974
Interruption of pregnancy by various steroids.
    Fertility and sterility, 1971, Volume: 22, Issue:11

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anabolic Agents; Animals; Cholesterol; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dexamethasone; Dig

1971
Editorial: Gynecomastia.
    JAMA, 1974, Jun-10, Volume: 228, Issue:11

    Topics: Age Factors; Antidepressive Agents; Busulfan; Child; Child, Preschool; Digitalis Glycosides; Estroge

1974
[Nephrology in 1972].
    La Revue du praticien, 1972, May-21, Volume: 22, Issue:15

    Topics: Bone Resorption; Calcium; Dextrans; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gentamicins; Glomerulone

1972
Renal electrolyte excretion during the oestrous cycle in the rat.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 1972, Volume: 55, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Castration; Estrus; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Natriuresis; Potassium; Pre

1972
[Pregnancy in liver cirrhosis. Internal medicine and gynecological aspects].
    Medizinische Klinik, 1973, Apr-20, Volume: 68, Issue:16

    Topics: Adult; Ascites; Colon; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Esophagea

1973
[Clinical experiences with the determination of the plasma digoxin level].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1973, Dec-01, Volume: 117, Issue:48

    Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Blood; Digoxin; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; P

1973
The effect of D-aldosterone and spironolactone on the concentration of sodium and potassium in the milk of rats.
    The Journal of endocrinology, 1973, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Female; Humans; Lactation; Milk; Potassium; Pregnancy; Rats; Sodium; Spironola

1973
[Therapeutic effect of spirolactones in late pregnancy toxicosis].
    Folia medica, 1965, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Spironolactone

1965
The clinical pattern & the causative factors of late edema observed in low birth weight infants.
    Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition, 1968, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Birth Weight; Blood Proteins; Dexamethasone; Edema; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypoproteinemia

1968
[Comparative assessment of the therapeutic effect of modern nonmercuric diuretics in the edematous syndrome of pregnancy].
    Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1971, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Diuretics; Edema; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Mannitol; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Spironolactone

1971
Induction of premature menstruation with catatoxic steroids.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1971, Dec-15, Volume: 111, Issue:8

    Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Adult; Biotransformation; Body Temperature; Contraceptives, Oral; Endometrium

1971
Hypertension and low plasma renin activity: presumptive evidence for mineralocorticoid excess.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 75, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Female; Humans;

1971
[Aldosterone and sodium excretion in pregnancy].
    Acta endocrinologica. Supplementum, 1971, Volume: 152

    Topics: Aldosterone; Aminohippuric Acids; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Inulin; Kidney Tubules

1971
[Influence of spironolactone on the excretion of C21-, C19-, and C18 steroids in pregnant and nonpregnant women].
    Acta endocrinologica. Supplementum, 1971, Volume: 152

    Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Aldosterone; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrogens; Estrone; Fem

1971
[Experimental study on teratology of spironolactone].
    Quaderni di clinica ostetrica e ginecologica, 1969, Volume: 24, Issue:5

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Female; Fetus; Lung Diseases; Male; Mice; Pregnancy; Pregnancy

1969
[Ascites in pregnancy in liver cirrhosis].
    Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Gynakologie, 1970, Volume: 172, Issue:2

    Topics: Ascites; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Infant, Newborn

1970
[Treatment of late pregnancy toxemias with aldactone].
    Pediatriia akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1971, Volume: 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aldosterone; Colorimetry; Female; Humans; Potassium; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; So

1971
Effects of vasopressin and spironolactone on excretion of water and solutes by the pregnant rat.
    The American journal of physiology, 1968, Volume: 214, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Extracellular Space; Female; Inulin; Potassium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal;

1968
Renal clearance of water and solutes by pregnant rats treated with spironolactone.
    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1968, Volume: 129, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Inu

1968
[Use of spirolactone in treatment of myasthenia in pregnancy].
    Quaderni di clinica ostetrica e ginecologica, 1965, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Female; Humans; Myasthenia Gravis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Spironolactone

1965
[Spirolactones and the hypertensive edemo-nephrosic syndrome].
    Annali di ostetricia e ginecologia, 1965, Volume: 87, Issue:4

    Topics: Edema; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Spironolactone

1965