spironolactone and Hypokalemia studies

Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)
spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.

Hypokalemia: Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"AAs with HF exhibited less hyperkalemia and more hypokalemia with spironolactone compared with non-AAs and seemed to derive less clinical benefit."	9.17	Race influences the safety and efficacy of spironolactone in severe heart failure. ( Anand, I; Cavallari, LH; Claggett, B; Desai, AS; Pitt, B; Rossignol, P; Solomon, SD; Vardeny, O; Zannad, F, 2013)
" Patients who received spironolactone were significantly less likely to experience mild, moderate, or severe hypokalemia (8."	9.14	Spironolactone in preventing hypokalemia following traumatic brain injury. ( Abrishamkar, S; Shafiei, M, 2010)
"The aim of this prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-end point study was to compare the efficacy and safety of eplerenone versus spironolactone in patients with bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA)."	9.13	Spironolactone versus eplerenone for the treatment of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. ( Anagnostis, P; Athyros, VG; Kakafika, AI; Karagiannis, A; Mikhailidis, DP; Pagourelias, ED; Papageorgiou, A; Tziomalos, K, 2008)
" This study was designed to assess the ability of spironolactone to reduce potassium requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in neutropenic patients on AmB treatment."	9.10	Spironolactone: is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B-related hypokalemia in cancer patients? ( Avcu, F; Beyan, C; Cetin, T; Kaptan, K; Nazaroglu, NK; Ural, AU; Yalcin, A, 2002)
"Spironolactone is safe and effective in treating hypokalemia in PD patients."	7.85	Spironolactone is effective in treating hypokalemia among peritoneal dialysis patients. ( Hiremath, S; Langote, A; McCormick, BB; Ruzicka, M, 2017)
"This paper details the case of a 26-year-old woman with depletion syndrome and the effectiveness of her treatment with indomethacin."	7.85	Indomethacin therapy effective in a patient with depletion syndrome from secretory villous adenoma. ( Kagan, MD; Sangha, G; Schmidt, K, 2017)
" The addition of spironolactone to her previous medications controlled and normalized hypertension, hypokalemia, and hormonal abnormalities within 4 months."	7.76	Resistant hypertension in an aged woman presenting with clinical features simulating ectopic ACTH syndrome--response to spironolactone--. ( Harada, E; Mizuno, Y; Morikawa, Y; Nakagawa, H; Saito, Y; Semba, F; Yasue, H; Yoshimura, M, 2010)
"The Epleronone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) trial demonstrated that selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone significantly reduced total mortality by 15%, combined cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization by 13%, CV mortality by 17% and sudden cardiac death by 21%, vs."	7.74	Eplerenone improves prognosis in postmyocardial infarction diabetic patients with heart failure: results from EPHESUS. ( Abuissa, H; O'Keefe, JH; Pitt, B, 2008)
"Six adult patients (4 females and 2 males, age range 26-57 years) with Gitelman's syndrome (GS) were treated with spironolactone 200-300 mg/day (n = 5) and/or amiloride 10-30 mg/day (n = 3) for 1-18 months."	7.69	Correction of hypokalemia with antialdosterone therapy in Gitelman's syndrome. ( Colussi, G; De Ferrari, ME; Macaluso, M; Minetti, L; Rombolà, G, 1994)
"A case of primary aldosteronism treated with spironolactone therapy has been followed up for 24 years."	7.68	Twenty-four year spironolactone therapy in an aged patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma. ( Hashimoto, T; Ito, Y; Koshida, H; Miyamori, I; Morimoto, S; Morise, T; Takeda, R; Yamazaki, T, 1992)
"During treatment with indomethacin in a patient with Bartter's syndrome, hypokalemia, high plasma renin concentration, hyperaldosteronism and decreased sensitivity to angiotensin infusion were corrected."	7.65	Bartter's syndrome with hyperplasia of renomedullary cells: successful treatment with indomethacin. ( Amery, A; Clement, J; Michielsen, P; van Damme B, B; Verberckmoes, R, 1976)
"Triamterene therapy was evaluated in 35 patients with congestive heart failure over a period of two and one-half years."	7.64	CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW DIURETIC, TRIAMTERENE, IN CONJESTIVE HEART FAILURE. ( LAUFER, ST; MAHABIR, RN, 1964)
"Indomethacin was the most effective but can cause gastrointestinal intolerance and decreased eGFR."	6.80	Indomethacin, amiloride, or eplerenone for treating hypokalemia in Gitelman syndrome. ( Allard, J; Azizi, M; Baron, S; Bergerot, D; Blanchard, A; Bridoux, F; Caumont-Prim, A; Desport, E; Dubourg, L; Essig, M; Monge, M; Tack, I; Vallet, M; Vargas-Poussou, R, 2015)
"The renal sodium retention in congestive heart failure is a consequence of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."	6.41	[Diuretic therapy in congestive heart failure--new views on spironolactone therapy]. ( Haller, C, 2000)
"Eplerenone treatment of patients with PA reduces blood pressure, increases serum potassium level, and improves vascular status."	5.43	Eplerenone improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with primary aldosteronism. ( Anzai, K; Kawate, H; Matsuda, Y; Matsuzaki, C; Nomura, M; Ohnaka, K; Sakamoto, R; Shibue, K; Takayanagi, R, 2016)
"These findings were compatible with Gitelman's syndrome (GS)."	5.38	Eplerenone improved hypokalemia in a patient with Gitelman's syndrome. ( Ito, Y; Maeda, H; Miyata, M; Nakayama, M; Ogawa, K; Oiso, Y; Tsutaya, S; Yoshida, M, 2012)
"Rhabdomyolysis is a rare presentation of hypokalemia, although muscle weakness is a well known manifestation of marked hypokalemia."	5.35	An unusual case of an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma presenting with rhabdomyolysis. ( Ahmetoğlu, A; Bahat, E; Imamoğlu, M; Karagüzel, G; Okten, A; Yildiz, K, 2009)
"We report a rare case of adrenocortical carcinoma."	5.32	Co-secretion of aldosterone and cortisol by an adrenocortical carcinoma. ( Azizlerli, H; Kapran, Y; Kurtulmus, N; Yarman, S, 2004)
"Treatment with spironolactone alone for 2 months corrected hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, and all laboratory and radiologic evidence of rickets and hyperparathyroidism, resulting in acceleration of growth rate."	5.27	Spironolactone-reversible rickets associated with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome. ( Arnhold, IJ; Batista, MC; Bloise, W; Kater, CE; Mendonça, BB; Nicolau, W; Rocha, A, 1986)
"With appropriate surveillance of potassium and creatinine, the use of spironolactone was associated with less hypokalemia and improved survival in patients with severe heart failure even in the setting of moderate hyperkalemia."	5.19	Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. ( Anand, I; Claggett, B; Desai, AS; Pitt, B; Rossignol, P; Solomon, SD; Vardeny, O; Zannad, F, 2014)
"AAs with HF exhibited less hyperkalemia and more hypokalemia with spironolactone compared with non-AAs and seemed to derive less clinical benefit."	5.17	Race influences the safety and efficacy of spironolactone in severe heart failure. ( Anand, I; Cavallari, LH; Claggett, B; Desai, AS; Pitt, B; Rossignol, P; Solomon, SD; Vardeny, O; Zannad, F, 2013)
" Patients who received spironolactone were significantly less likely to experience mild, moderate, or severe hypokalemia (8."	5.14	Spironolactone in preventing hypokalemia following traumatic brain injury. ( Abrishamkar, S; Shafiei, M, 2010)
"The aim of this prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-end point study was to compare the efficacy and safety of eplerenone versus spironolactone in patients with bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA)."	5.13	Spironolactone versus eplerenone for the treatment of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. ( Anagnostis, P; Athyros, VG; Kakafika, AI; Karagiannis, A; Mikhailidis, DP; Pagourelias, ED; Papageorgiou, A; Tziomalos, K, 2008)
" This study was designed to assess the ability of spironolactone to reduce potassium requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in neutropenic patients on AmB treatment."	5.10	Spironolactone: is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B-related hypokalemia in cancer patients? ( Avcu, F; Beyan, C; Cetin, T; Kaptan, K; Nazaroglu, NK; Ural, AU; Yalcin, A, 2002)
"The relative efficacies of potassium chloride, amiloride, triamterene and spironolactone in maintaining potassium balance were studied in 40 patients with essential hypertension receiving diuretic therapy."	5.04	Maintenance of potassium balance during diuretic therapy. ( Eisalo, A; Kohvakka, A; Manninen, V, 1979)
" Compared with placebo, across all eGFR categories, spironolactone was associated with lower relative risk for the primary efficacy outcome and for hypokalemia, but higher relative risk for hyperkalemia, worsening renal function, and drug discontinuation."	3.91	Efficacy and Safety of Spironolactone in Patients With HFpEF and Chronic Kidney Disease. ( Beldhuis, IE; Claggett, B; Damman, K; Desai, AS; Fang, JC; Lewis, EF; Myhre, PL; O'Meara, E; Pfeffer, MA; Pitt, B; Shah, SJ; Solomon, SD; Voors, AA, 2019)
"This paper details the case of a 26-year-old woman with depletion syndrome and the effectiveness of her treatment with indomethacin."	3.85	Indomethacin therapy effective in a patient with depletion syndrome from secretory villous adenoma. ( Kagan, MD; Sangha, G; Schmidt, K, 2017)
"Spironolactone, which is a potent mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, represents the first line medical treatment of primary aldosteronism (PA)."	3.83	SFE/SFHTA/AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism, part 7: Medical treatment of primary aldosteronism. ( Herpin, D; Lefebvre, H; Pechère-Bertschi, A, 2016)
" Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia in GS were difficult to correct; however, spironolactone might be helpful for hypokalemia to some degree."	3.83	Genotype/Phenotype Analysis in 67 Chinese Patients with Gitelman's Syndrome. ( Lang, Y; Liu, T; Lu, J; Shao, L; Wang, C; Zhao, X, 2016)
" The addition of spironolactone to her previous medications controlled and normalized hypertension, hypokalemia, and hormonal abnormalities within 4 months."	3.76	Resistant hypertension in an aged woman presenting with clinical features simulating ectopic ACTH syndrome--response to spironolactone--. ( Harada, E; Mizuno, Y; Morikawa, Y; Nakagawa, H; Saito, Y; Semba, F; Yasue, H; Yoshimura, M, 2010)
" With the discontinuation of the licorice-containing medicines and administration of spironolactone together with intravenous and oral potassium supplement, her serum potassium level was normalized and her clinical symptoms and hypertension improved within 2 weeks."	3.74	Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. ( Harada, E; Itoh, T; Mizuno, Y; Yasue, H, 2007)
"The Epleronone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) trial demonstrated that selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone significantly reduced total mortality by 15%, combined cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization by 13%, CV mortality by 17% and sudden cardiac death by 21%, vs."	3.74	Eplerenone improves prognosis in postmyocardial infarction diabetic patients with heart failure: results from EPHESUS. ( Abuissa, H; O'Keefe, JH; Pitt, B, 2008)
" The lack of therapeutic response to spironolactone, with a good response to amiloride and recurrence of hypertension and metabolic alkalosis after amiloride cessation that was subsequently treated with amiloride, established the diagnosis of Liddle syndrome."	3.71	Liddle syndrome in a newborn infant. ( Assadi, FK; Kimura, RE; Patel, S; Subramanian, U, 2002)
" She was diagnosed to have Gitelman's syndrome with chondrocalcinosis, which were effectively treated with spironolactone and magnesium supplementation."	3.70	A case of Gitelman's syndrome with chondrocalcinosis. ( Hashimoto, K; Hisakawa, N; Itoh, H; Jinnouchi, C; Nishiya, K; Takao, T; Yasuoka, N, 1998)
"Six adult patients (4 females and 2 males, age range 26-57 years) with Gitelman's syndrome (GS) were treated with spironolactone 200-300 mg/day (n = 5) and/or amiloride 10-30 mg/day (n = 3) for 1-18 months."	3.69	Correction of hypokalemia with antialdosterone therapy in Gitelman's syndrome. ( Colussi, G; De Ferrari, ME; Macaluso, M; Minetti, L; Rombolà, G, 1994)
"A case of primary aldosteronism treated with spironolactone therapy has been followed up for 24 years."	3.68	Twenty-four year spironolactone therapy in an aged patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma. ( Hashimoto, T; Ito, Y; Koshida, H; Miyamori, I; Morimoto, S; Morise, T; Takeda, R; Yamazaki, T, 1992)
" Hypertension, hypokalaemia, hyperaldosteronism and renin suppression were corrected by unilateral adrenalectomy in 3/5 patients and by spironolactone treatment in 2/5."	3.67	Primary aldosteronism is comprised of primary adrenal hyperplasia and adenoma. ( Arteaga, EE; Biglieri, EG; Kater, CE, 1984)
"Acute reversible renal failure with hyperkalemia developed in a 42-year-old woman during treatment of heart failure and hypertension with high doses of enalapril and diuretics."	3.67	[Acute reversible kidney insufficiency due to enalapril during diuretic-treated heart insufficiency]. ( Degenhardt, S, 1987)
" In six patients with Bartter's syndrome, four with pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, and twenty with essential hypertension (EH) chronically treated with chlorthalidone, serum potassium (serum K+) and extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) were decreased, while plasma volume (PV) and blood volume (BV) were normal (see Table 1 for means, standard deviations, and levels of significance)."	3.67	Blood to interstitial fluid volume ratio in chronic hypokalaemic states. ( Boer, P; Dorhout Mees, EJ; Geyskes, GG; Hené, RJ; Koomans, HA; Roos, JC; Van Shaik, BA, 1985)
"In 8 out of 20 patients with chronic liver disease ascites was controlled with metolazone, 10 required additional amiloride or spironolactone to achieve control, and 2 were resistant to all diuretic therapy."	3.65	Use of metolazone in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease. ( Hillenbrand, P; Sherlock, S, 1971)
"During treatment with indomethacin in a patient with Bartter's syndrome, hypokalemia, high plasma renin concentration, hyperaldosteronism and decreased sensitivity to angiotensin infusion were corrected."	3.65	Bartter's syndrome with hyperplasia of renomedullary cells: successful treatment with indomethacin. ( Amery, A; Clement, J; Michielsen, P; van Damme B, B; Verberckmoes, R, 1976)
"Triamterene therapy was evaluated in 35 patients with congestive heart failure over a period of two and one-half years."	3.64	CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW DIURETIC, TRIAMTERENE, IN CONJESTIVE HEART FAILURE. ( LAUFER, ST; MAHABIR, RN, 1964)
"Indomethacin was the most effective but can cause gastrointestinal intolerance and decreased eGFR."	2.80	Indomethacin, amiloride, or eplerenone for treating hypokalemia in Gitelman syndrome. ( Allard, J; Azizi, M; Baron, S; Bergerot, D; Blanchard, A; Bridoux, F; Caumont-Prim, A; Desport, E; Dubourg, L; Essig, M; Monge, M; Tack, I; Vallet, M; Vargas-Poussou, R, 2015)
"Acquired Gitelman syndrome is a very rare disorder reported in association with autoimmune disorders, mostly Sjögren syndrome."	2.72	Hypokalaemic paralysis and metabolic alkalosis in a patient with Sjögren syndrome: a case report and literature review. ( Gunapala, A; Perera, S; Ranaweerage, R, 2021)
" 2 Spironolactone and triamterene had significant and parallel dose-response curves for plasma potassium, with a relative potency for triamterene:spironolactone of 0."	2.65	Relative potency of spironolactone, triamterene and potassium chloride in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia. ( Jackson, PR; Ramsay, LE; Wakefield, V, 1982)
"Primary aldosteronism with a prevalence of 8 % of hypertension and 20 % of pharmacologically resistant hypertension is the most common secondary cause of hypertension."	2.53	Diagnosing and Managing Primary Aldosteronism in Hypertensive Patients: a Case-Based Approach. ( Carey, RM, 2016)
"The identification of primary aldosteronism as a common cause of resistant hypertension is a significant advance in our ability to care for patients with hypertension."	2.49	Endocrine and hypertensive disorders of potassium regulation: primary aldosteronism. ( Weiner, ID, 2013)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is characterized by an increased Aldosterone synthesis which is independent of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS)."	2.48	[Primay hyperaldosteronism--diagnostic and treatment]. ( Beuschlein, F; Potthoff, SA; Vonend, O, 2012)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism will be the most common etiology."	2.47	[Primary hyperaldosteronism]. ( Chambaz, IC; Pechère-Bertschi, A, 2011)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterised by hypertension, hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and increased aldosterone excretion."	2.45	Rhabdomyolysis due to primary hyperaldosteronism. ( Corrales, PP; López, AH; Martínez, JJ; Meneses, AL; Oliveira, CL; Rodríguez, SA; Romero, FB, 2009)
"Eplerenone has the advantage, compared with spironolactone, to be better tolerated in terms of "hormonal" adverse effects."	2.43	[The revived interest in aldosterone antagonists]. ( Waeber, B, 2006)
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) has been regarded for a long time as being a rare cause of arterial hypertension, but its prevalence has recently been reassessed as about 10%."	2.42	[Investigation of hyperaldosteronism in the hypertensive patient. Why? When? How?]. ( Amar, J; Chamontin, B; Herpin, D; Sosner, P, 2003)
"For the first time neonatal variant of Bartter syndrome to 14."	2.42	[Bartter syndrome and it's neonatal type]. ( Jakutovic, M; Jankauskiene, A, 2003)
"The renal sodium retention in congestive heart failure is a consequence of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."	2.41	[Diuretic therapy in congestive heart failure--new views on spironolactone therapy]. ( Haller, C, 2000)
"Gitelman's syndrome is characterised by hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia and tetany."	2.40	An incidental finding of Gitelman's syndrome. ( Leonard, MB; Neithercut, D, 1997)
" Suitable techniques for the investigation of secondary aldosteronism of unknown cause and for primary and secondary hypoaldosteronism are described, as well as the adjustment of dosage for replacement therapy where mineralocorticoid secretion is deficient."	2.37	Disorders of mineralocorticoid activity. ( Drury, PL, 1985)
"Spironolactone was initiated."	1.72	Apparent mineralocorticoid excess: A diagnosis beyond classical causes of severe hypertension in a child. ( Baltu, D; Çelik Ertaş, NB; Duzova, A; Gönç, N; Gulhan, B; Ozcan, HN; Özdemir, G; Ünsal, Y; Utine, E, 2022)
"In conclusion, hypokalemia is extremely common in patients presenting with VT/VF, much more so than in patients with CHF alone."	1.56	Electrolyte Abnormalities in Patients Presenting With Ventricular Arrhythmia (from the LYTE-VT Study). ( Basil, A; Cooper, JM; Gangireddy, C; Greenberg, RM; Laslett, DB; Whitman, IR; Yesenosky, GA, 2020)
"These features were consistent with the Gitelman syndrome."	1.56	Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by a Gitelman-like syndrome in an 8-year-old girl. ( Barathidasan, GS; Dhandapany, G; Ganesh, RN; Karunakar, P; Krishnamurthy, S; Rajendran, R; Ramamoorthy, JG; Ramya, K, 2020)
"Treatment of primary aldosteronism (PA) aims at preventing or correcting hypertension, hypokalemia and target organ damage."	1.43	SFE/SFHTA/AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism, part 6: Adrenal surgery. ( Amar, L; Chaffanjon, P; Kraimps, JL; Ménégaux, F; Steichen, O; Zinzindohoue, F, 2016)
"Eplerenone treatment of patients with PA reduces blood pressure, increases serum potassium level, and improves vascular status."	1.43	Eplerenone improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with primary aldosteronism. ( Anzai, K; Kawate, H; Matsuda, Y; Matsuzaki, C; Nomura, M; Ohnaka, K; Sakamoto, R; Shibue, K; Takayanagi, R, 2016)
"Inherited classic Bartter syndrome (cBS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder resulting from inactivating mutations in the asolateral chloride channel (C1C-Kb) and usually presents in early infancy or childhood with mild to moderate hypokalemia."	1.40	Hypokalemic paralysis in a middle-aged female with classic Bartter syndrome. ( Chan, JS; Chiang, WF; Lin, SH, 2014)
"These findings were compatible with Gitelman's syndrome (GS)."	1.38	Eplerenone improved hypokalemia in a patient with Gitelman's syndrome. ( Ito, Y; Maeda, H; Miyata, M; Nakayama, M; Ogawa, K; Oiso, Y; Tsutaya, S; Yoshida, M, 2012)
"We report a case of Gitelman syndrome presenting with fatigue, paresthesias, weakness of limbs and neck muscles since 2."	1.38	Gitelman syndrome: novel mutation and long-term follow-up. ( Bagga, A; Basu, B; Gulati, A; Hari, P; Lněnička, P; Sinha, A, 2012)
"A diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome was made."	1.37	Quadriparesis in an adult--Gitelman syndrome. ( Ahmed, S; Farooq, F; Qayyum, M, 2011)
"Rhabdomyolysis is a rare presentation of hypokalemia, although muscle weakness is a well known manifestation of marked hypokalemia."	1.35	An unusual case of an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma presenting with rhabdomyolysis. ( Ahmetoğlu, A; Bahat, E; Imamoğlu, M; Karagüzel, G; Okten, A; Yildiz, K, 2009)
"Treatment of primary aldosteronism decreased blood pressure (BP) and restored normal potassium concentrations."	1.34	Renal cysts and hypokalemia in primary aldosteronism: results of long-term follow-up after treatment. ( Baroselli, S; Bazzocchi, M; Catena, C; Chiuch, A; Colussi, GL; Lapenna, R; Nadalini, E; Novello, M; Sechi, LA, 2007)
" Patient demographic information was collected, as well as dosing regimens, use of other medications, and potassium concentrations."	1.33	Clinical experience with spironolactone in pediatrics. ( Buck, ML, 2005)
"We present a patient with Type 2 diabetes and previously undiagnosed hyperaldosteronism who developed life-threatening hypokalaemia while following a low-carbohydrate diet."	1.33	Life-threatening hypokalaemia on a low-carbohydrate diet associated with previously undiagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism [corrected]. ( Advani, A; Taylor, R, 2005)
"We report a rare case of adrenocortical carcinoma."	1.32	Co-secretion of aldosterone and cortisol by an adrenocortical carcinoma. ( Azizlerli, H; Kapran, Y; Kurtulmus, N; Yarman, S, 2004)
"Liddle's syndrome is a rare form of autosomal-dominant salt-sensitive hypertension."	1.31	A family with liddle's syndrome caused by a mutation in the beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. ( Kitamura, K; Kyuma, M; Sasaki, S; Shimamoto, K; Takeuchi, H; Takizawa, H; Tomita, K; Torii, T; Ura, N, 2001)
"Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of non-renal secondary hypertension."	1.31	Normokalemic hyperaldosteronism in patients with resistant hypertension. ( Benchetrit, S; Bernheim, J; Podjarny, E, 2002)
"Primary hyperaldosteronism was detected in 1% of patients evaluated for secondary hypertension in a referral hospital in Southern India."	1.29	Primary hyperaldosteronism--diagnostic approach and management. ( Cherian, AM; Jesudason, SR; Kanagasabapathy, AS; Nair, A; Seshadri, MS, 1993)
"Treatment with spironolactone alone, or in combination with either intravenous dopamine or ibopamine orally, amiloride, enalapril, hydralazine or clonidine corrected serum potassium values but failed to normalize blood pressure and to correct plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone."	1.28	A neonate with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. ( Derkx, FH; Donckerwolcke, RA; Griffiven, AW; Schalekamp, MA; Vande Walle, JG; Veenhoven, RH; Wit, JM, 1991)
"On the other hand, hypopotassemia (2."	1.28	[A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type II associated with Bartter's syndrome--restoration of phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by treatment for hypopotassemia]. ( Bando, Y; Kobayashi, K; Miyakoshi, H; Nagaoka, T; Ohsawa, K, 1992)
"In other words, the Bartter's syndrome or the hypopotassemia should be one of the fundamental disorders for developing tetanic symptom."	1.27	[Development of tetany in siblings suffered from Bartter's syndrome]. ( Kimura, S; Kita, S; Okamoto, S; Shiozaki, Y; Suitsu, N, 1984)
"Treatment with spironolactone alone for 2 months corrected hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, and all laboratory and radiologic evidence of rickets and hyperparathyroidism, resulting in acceleration of growth rate."	1.27	Spironolactone-reversible rickets associated with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome. ( Arnhold, IJ; Batista, MC; Bloise, W; Kater, CE; Mendonça, BB; Nicolau, W; Rocha, A, 1986)
"The magnesium deficiency is especially dangerous since it prevents the cells from keeping their high intracellular potassium concentration unchanged."	1.27	Potassium-sparing diuretics. ( Dyckner, T; Wester, PO, 1986)
"Additional evidence suggests that sudden death may occasionally result from this VEA."	1.27	Potassium loss, ventricular irritability, and the risk of sudden death in hypertensive patients. ( Holland, OB, 1986)
"The complications to renal tubular acidosis such as hypokalemic muscle paralysis or chronic muscle weakness, nephrolithiasis, and osteomalacia can be avoided if the diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis is made and corrective alkali therapy is maintained."	1.27	Hypokalemic paralysis in Sjögren's syndrome secondary to renal tubular acidosis. ( Christensen, KS, 1985)
"Thus, the present case of pseudoaldosteronism was attributed to Jintan, and raises a caution to excessive Jintan ingestion."	1.26	A case of pseudoaldosteronism due to addiction of Jintan, a mouth refresher popular among Japanese. ( Arakawa, K; Kamei, H, 1982)
"Amiloride was disproportionately potent in lowering serum bicarbonate, and the data do not suggest that these drugs elevate plasma potassium simply by correcting metabolic alkalosis."	1.26	Amiloride, spironolactone, and potassium chloride in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. ( Fraser, R; Hettiarachchi, J; Morton, JJ; Ramsay, LE, 1980)
"In an 18-year-old boy with Bartter's syndrome, hypophosphatemia was discovered (2."	1.26	Hypophosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in a case of Bartter's syndrome. ( Bernheim, J; David, L; François, R; Sann, L, 1978)
"A 63-year-old man had asymptomatic Bartter's syndrome, discovered during evaluation for hypokalemia."	1.26	Asymptomatic Bartter's syndrome. ( Barbour, GL; Day, JO, 1978)

Research

Studies (250)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Efficacy: Change in Time to Complete a 100 Meter Timed Test.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	165 (66.00)	18.7374
1990's	16 (6.40)	18.2507
2000's	32 (12.80)	29.6817
2010's	32 (12.80)	24.3611
2020's	5 (2.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Gulhan, B	1
Ünsal, Y	1
Baltu, D	1
Çelik Ertaş, NB	1
Özdemir, G	1
Utine, E	1
Ozcan, HN	1
Duzova, A	1
Gönç, N	1
Kucuk, N	1
Yavas Abalı, Z	1
Abalı, S	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for the Subtyping Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: A Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study[NCT05131061]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-11-11	Completed
A Randomized Open Label Trial of Spironolactone Versus Prednisolone in Corticosteroid-naïve Boys With DMD[NCT03777319]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-05	Terminated (stopped due to Inability to recruit participants.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The determination of whether spironolactone has similar efficacy to glucocorticoids in improving muscle strength in steroid naïve DMD patients. This will be determined by measuring the time to complete a 100 meter timed test (100M). (NCT03777319)
Timeframe: 6 months

Efficacy: Dynamometry Score

Intervention	sec (Number)
Spironolactone	-0.6
Prednisolone	-5.3

Secondary outcome measures will be Dynamometry score, which is a summation of maximum voluntary isometric contraction test values for knee flexion, knee extension, elbow flexion, and elbow extension (NCT03777319)
Timeframe: 6 months

Safety Will be Monitored Through Regular Review of Electrolytes.

Intervention	kg (Number)
	Elbow Flexion (Right)-Baseline	Elbow Flexion (Left)-Baseline	Elbow Extension (Right)-Baseline	Elbow Extension (Left)-Baseline	Knee Flexion (Right)-Baseline	Knee Flexion (Left)-Baseline	Knee Extension (Right)-Baseline	Knee Extension (Left)-Baseline	Elbow Flexion (Right)-Month 6	Elbow Flexion (Left)-Month 6	Elbow Extension (Right)-Month 6	Elbow Extension (Left)-Month 6	Knee Flexion (Right)-Month 6	Knee Flexion (Left)-Month 6	Knee Extension (Right)-Month 6	Knee Extension (Left)-Month 6
Prednisolone	3.6	4.1	5.3	4.1	3.3	3.4	4.8	5.2	2.9	3.4	4.3	3.8	4.1	3.9	6	5.1
Spironolactone	0	0	0	0	4.1	2.8	3.8	5.9	3.1	3.5	2.4	2.5	4.3	4.1	7.2	8.3

Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Cloride and Carbon dioxide, mmol/L) will be measured on a monthly basis following initiation of either spironolactone or prednisolone. (NCT03777319)
Timeframe: 6 months

Intervention	mmol/L (Number)
	Sodium-Baseline	Sodium-Month 1	Sodium-Month 2	Sodium-Month 3	Sodium-Month 4	Sodium-Month 5	Sodium-Month 6	Potassium-Baseline	Potassium-Month 1	Potassium-Month 2	Potassium-Month 3	Potassium-Month 4	Potassium-Month 5	Potassium-Month 6	Chloride-Baseline	Chloride-Month 1	Chloride-Month 2	Chloride-Month 3	Chloride-Month 4	Chloride-Month 5	Chloride-Month 6	CO2-Baseline	CO2-Month 1	CO2-Month 2	CO2-Month 3	CO2-Month 4	CO2-Month 5	CO2-Month 6
Prednisolone	140	140	139	141	139	139	143	3.8	4	4.5	3.9	4.6	4.2	3.9	105	105	104	105	105	106	105	22	24	24	24	25	26	26
Spironolactone	142	142	141	142	139	139	140	4.5	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.3	103	109	107	103	103	103	101	29	22	25	27	28	28	26

Article	Year
Hypokalaemic paralysis and metabolic alkalosis in a patient with Sjögren syndrome: a case report and literature review. BMC nephrology, 2021, 04-30, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Dietary Supplements; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Hypokalemia; Paralysis; Pot	2021
Endocrine and hypertensive disorders of potassium regulation: primary aldosteronism. Seminars in nephrology, 2013, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldosterone; Eplerenone; Humans; Hy	2013
Potassium-Binding Agents to Facilitate Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor Therapy. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2016, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Chelating Agents; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia; Male;	2016
Diagnosing and Managing Primary Aldosteronism in Hypertensive Patients: a Case-Based Approach. Current cardiology reports, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Eplerenone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Laparoscopy; Mass	2016
Rhabdomyolysis due to primary hyperaldosteronism. Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:8 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperten	2009
[Primary hyperaldosteronism]. Revue medicale suisse, 2011, Sep-14, Volume: 7, Issue:308 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Algorithms; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertensi	2011
[Primay hyperaldosteronism--diagnostic and treatment]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2012, Volume: 137, Issue:48 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenocortical Adenoma; A	2012
[Investigation of hyperaldosteronism in the hypertensive patient. Why? When? How?]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:1 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Age of Onset; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertens	2003
[Bartter syndrome and it's neonatal type]. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2003, Volume: 39 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bartter Syndrome; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cal	2003
[The revived interest in aldosterone antagonists]. Revue medicale suisse, 2006, Sep-13, Volume: 2, Issue:78 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eplerenone; Heart Failure; Human	2006
[Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamterene, amylorid)]. Orvosi hetilap, 1996, Sep-01, Volume: 137, Issue:35 Topics: Amiloride; Diuretics; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Potassium Deficiency; Spironolactone; Triam	1996
An incidental finding of Gitelman's syndrome. The British journal of clinical practice, 1997, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Calcium; Creatinine; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Spironolactone; Syndr	1997
[Diuretic therapy in congestive heart failure--new views on spironolactone therapy]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 2000, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Failure; Huma	2000
K(+) depletion and the progression of hypertensive disease or heart failure. The pathogenic role of diuretic-induced aldosterone secretion. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2001, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease	2001
[Primary hyperaldosteronism]. La Revue du praticien, 1998, Apr-01, Volume: 48, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Algorithms; Amiloride; Di	1998
Primary aldosteronism. The Urologic clinics of North America, 1977, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism;	1977
Clinical use of the potassium-sparing diuretics. Seminars in nephrology, 1988, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Amiloride; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Hypokalemia; Potassium; Spironolactone; Triamterene	1988
[Properties and indications of potassium-sparing diuretics]. Revue medicale de Liege, 1986, May-01, Volume: 41, Issue:9 Topics: Amiloride; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hyperaldosteronism; Hy	1986
Diuretics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use (Part II). Drugs, 1985, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Amiloride; Canrenoic Acid; Diuretics; Diuretics, Osmotic; Drug Interactions; Hearing Disorders; Hear	1985
Disorders of mineralocorticoid activity. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: 18-Hydroxycorticosterone; Adenoma; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Blood Specime	1985
Aldosterone: review of its physiology and diagnostic aspects of primary aldosteronism. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1973, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone;	1973
Significance of hypokalaemia due to diuretics. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1973, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Amiloride; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chlorothiazide; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Extracellular Space; Fu	1973
[Diagnosis and therapy of primary hyperaldosteronism]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1972, Jul-29, Volume: 102, Issue:30 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; H	1972
Adrenal causes of hypertension. Archives of internal medicine, 1974, Volume: 133, Issue:6 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Carci	1974
Primary hyperaldosteronism. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism, 1974, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Corticosterone; Desoxycorticosterone; Electrocardiography; Hum	1974
Commentary on incidence of primary aldosteronism: current estimations based on objective data. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Desoxycorticosterone;	1969
[Depletion therapy of chronic congestive heart failure]. Revista espanola de cardiologia, 1968, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Bloodletting; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Chlorides; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Digitalis Glycoside	1968
[Hypertension--diuretics as antihypertensive agents]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1970, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Arthritis; Benzothiadiazines; Blood Pressure; Chlorothiazide; Chlorth	1970
Combinations of diuretics in the treatment of edema. American heart journal, 1970, Volume: 80, Issue:3 Topics: Acetazolamide; Benzothiadiazines; Chlorthalidone; Diuretics; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Glu	1970
Diuretics. II. Clinical considerations. Drugs, 1971, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminophylline; Ascites; Calcium; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbonic Anhydrase I	1971
Combination diuretic drug therapy. Cardiovascular clinics, 1971, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Amiloride; Benzothiadiazines; Diet; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemid	1971

Article	Year
Race influences the safety and efficacy of spironolactone in severe heart failure. Circulation. Heart failure, 2013, Sep-01, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Fe	2013
Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Circulation. Heart failure, 2014, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Cause of Death; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Echocardiography; Follow-Up S	2014
Indomethacin, amiloride, or eplerenone for treating hypokalemia in Gitelman syndrome. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2015, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amiloride; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relatio	2015
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of spironolactone for hypokalemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Drug	2015
Impact of eplerenone on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with hypokalaemia. European journal of heart failure, 2017, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eplerenone; Europe; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure, Syst	2017
Spironolactone in preventing hypokalemia following traumatic brain injury. Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi, 2010, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged; Spironolactone	2010
The effect of post-transplant spironolactone on daily potassium requirements in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation, 2002, Volume: 30, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Peripheral	2002
Spironolactone versus eplerenone for the treatment of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administratio	2008
Relative potency of spironolactone, triamterene and potassium chloride in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzothiadiazines; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia;	1982
Spironolactone in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia: variable response between patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1981, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Benzothiadiazines; Canrenone; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Hypokalem	1981
Spironolactone: is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B-related hypokalemia in cancer patients? European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:11 Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Humans; Hypokalemia; Kidney Function Tests; Mineralocorticoid Rec	2002
Maintenance of potassium balance during diuretic therapy. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1979, Volume: 205, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amiloride; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy,	1979
Plasma potassium in hypertensive Africans on frusemide. The Journal of international medical research, 1978, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Male;	1978
Carbenoxolone sodium for gastric ulcer. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1975, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:16 Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Body Weight; Carbenoxolone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Duodenal Ulcer;	1975
The effects of enalapril and spironolactone on terbutaline-induced hypokalemia. Chest, 1992, Volume: 102, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Electrocardiography; Enalapril; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Male; P	1992
Hypokalemic and ECG sequelae of combined beta-agonist/diuretic therapy. Protection by conventional doses of spironolactone but not triamterene. Chest, 1990, Volume: 98, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Albuterol; Bendroflumethiazide; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiograph	1990
Comparison of the potassium- retaining effects of amiloride and spironolactone in hypertensive patients with thiazide-induced hypokalaemia. Lancet (London, England), 1973, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:7841 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amiloride; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H	1973
Clinical use of high doses of furosemide (Lasix) in the treatment of resistant nephrotic edema. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1968, Volume: 184, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Diuretics; Edema; Female; Furosemide; Glome	1968
Extrarenal effects of diuretic agents. Internationale Zeitschrift fur klinische Pharmakologie, Therapie, und Toxikologie. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1970, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adipose Tissue; Alkalosis; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Volume;	1970
[Treatment of the hypertensive patient. Value of Amiloride during saldiuretic treatment]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1972, Sep-16, Volume: 1, Issue:32 Topics: Adult; Amiloride; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Kidney	1972
[Combination therapy with spironolactone and polythiazide in hypertension]. Nordisk medicin, 1971, Volume: 86, Issue:49 Topics: Blood Pressure; Drug Combinations; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Male; Mi	1971
Acetazolamide treatment of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Prevention of attacks and improvement of persistent weakness. Annals of internal medicine, 1970, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Acetazolamide; Acidosis; Adult; Child; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged;	1970
Acetazolamide prophylaxis in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. The New England journal of medicine, 1968, Mar-14, Volume: 278, Issue:11 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adult; Child; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia; Male; Paralyses, Familial Periodic;	1968

Article	Year
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess: A diagnosis beyond classical causes of severe hypertension in a child. Blood pressure monitoring, 2022, Jun-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Amiloride; Blood Pressure; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia;	2022
A rare cause of hypertension in childhood: Answers. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2020, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Bartter Syndrome; Child; Child, Preschool; Consanguinity; Cortisone; Diagnos	2020
Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by a Gitelman-like syndrome in an 8-year-old girl. CEN case reports, 2020, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Alkalosis; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Hy	2020
Electrolyte Abnormalities in Patients Presenting With Ventricular Arrhythmia (from the LYTE-VT Study). The American journal of cardiology, 2020, 08-15, Volume: 129 Topics: Aged; Cardiomyopathies; Case-Control Studies; Diarrhea; Diuretics; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hy	2020
Spironolactone effect on potassium supplementation in paediatric cardiac intensive care patients. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Critical Care; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female	2017
Spironolactone is effective in treating hypokalemia among peritoneal dialysis patients. PloS one, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Retrospec	2017
Licorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess compounded by excessive use of terbutaline and high water intake. BMJ case reports, 2018, Apr-19, Volume: 2018 Topics: Aldosterone; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Hypertensi	2018
Efficacy and Safety of Spironolactone in Patients With HFpEF and Chronic Kidney Disease. JACC. Heart failure, 2019, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Deprescriptions; Disease Progression;	2019
An uncommon cause of leg oedema. BMJ case reports, 2019, Jan-20, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aldosterone; Edema; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Leg; Magnetic Resonance I	2019
Primary aldosteronism with concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient with arrhythmic disorders. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2013, Volume: 52, Issue:18 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electr	2013
Eplerenone improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with primary aldosteronism. Endocrine journal, 2016, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness	2016
SFE/SFHTA/AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism, part 6: Adrenal surgery. Annales d'endocrinologie, 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenalectomy; France; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Intraoperative Complic	2016
SFE/SFHTA/AFCE primary aldosteronism consensus: Introduction and handbook. Annales d'endocrinologie, 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aldosterone; Calcium Channel Blockers; France; Humans	2016
SFE/SFHTA/AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism, part 7: Medical treatment of primary aldosteronism. Annales d'endocrinologie, 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Eplerenone; Female; France; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Male; Mineralocor	2016
ARAs to the RESCUE. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2016, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Eplerenone; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Meta-A	2016
Genotype/Phenotype Analysis in 67 Chinese Patients with Gitelman's Syndrome. American journal of nephrology, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Asian People; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; Female; Genotype; Gitelman Syndr	2016
Indomethacin therapy effective in a patient with depletion syndrome from secretory villous adenoma. BMJ case reports, 2017, Feb-10, Volume: 2017 Topics: Adenoma, Villous; Adult; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu	2017
Shakuyaku-kanzo-to induces pseudoaldosteronism characterized by hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation, and increased urinary cortisol levels. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alkalosis; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Electrocardiography; Female; Glycyrrhiza;	2009
An unusual case of an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma presenting with rhabdomyolysis. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aldoste	2009
Resistant hypertension in an aged woman presenting with clinical features simulating ectopic ACTH syndrome--response to spironolactone--. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2010, Volume: 49, Issue:20 Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Ag	2010
Gitelman's syndrome presenting as recurrent paralytic ileus due to chronic renal tubular K+ wasting. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2010, Volume: 58 Topics: Alkalosis; Bartter Syndrome; Calcium; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Diuretics; Gitelman	2010
Quadriparesis in an adult--Gitelman syndrome. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2011, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Alkalosis; Calcium; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; M	2011
Gitelman syndrome: novel mutation and long-term follow-up. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Diuretics; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Muta	2012
Eplerenone improved hypokalemia in a patient with Gitelman's syndrome. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Base Sequence; DNA Mutational Analysis; Eplerenone; Female; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Hypokalemia;	2012
Gitelman syndrome. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2012, May-29, Volume: 344 Topics: Disease Management; General Practitioners; Gitelman Syndrome; Humans; Hypokalemia; Interprofessional	2012
Hypokalemic paralysis in a middle-aged female with classic Bartter syndrome. Clinical nephrology, 2014, Volume: 81, Issue:2 Topics: Bartter Syndrome; Chloride Channels; Dietary Supplements; Diuretics; Female; Genetic Predisposition	2014
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome: report of one family with three affected children. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:11-12 Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Supplements; DNA	2012
Liddle syndrome in a newborn infant. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Alkalosis; Amiloride; Blood Pressure; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Failure to Thrive; Female; Humans; Hy	2002
Eplerenone in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jul-03, Volume: 349, Issue:1 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Humans; Hypokalemia; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Myo	2003
[Aldactone as a drug controlling hypokalemia in diuretic therapy]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1962, Aug-27, Volume: 17 Topics: Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Spironolactone	1962
[On the treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis with spirolactone]. Wiener Zeitschrift fur innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1962, Volume: 43 Topics: Ascites; Chlorothiazide; Humans; Hypokalemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Spironolactone	1962
Hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, and baseosis in long-term treatment of oedematous heart failure with benzothiadiazine diuretics. III. Effect of spironolactone. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1962, Volume: 172 Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Alkalosis; Benzimidazoles; Chlorides; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia	1962
Electrolyte complications of drug therapy. The Medical clinics of North America, 1963, Volume: 47 Topics: Alkalosis; Anatomy; Carbonic Anhydrases; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Estrogens; Humans; Hypercalcemia;	1963
HYPERALDOSTERONISM AND HYPERGRANULARITY OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS IN RENAL HYPERTENSION. METABOLIC STUDIES. Annals of internal medicine, 1963, Volume: 59 Topics: Alkalosis; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension, Renal; Hypokalemia; Kidney; Potassium; Renal Ar	1963
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SPIROLACTONES ON ASCITES AND INTRASPLENIC PRESSURE IN BILHARZIAL LIVER CIRRHOSIS. The Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association, 1963, Volume: 46 Topics: Animals; Ascites; Benzothiadiazines; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Hypokalemia; Live	1963
[ENDOCRINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE POTASSIUM DEPLETION SYNDROME]. Sbornik lekarsky, 1963, Volume: 65 Topics: Diuretics; Endocrine Glands; Heparin; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Mineralocort	1963
[WATER RETENTION IN CIRRHOTICS. PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL DATA AND THERAPEUTIC RESULTS]. Bulletins et memoires de la Societe medicale des hopitaux de Paris, 1963, Nov-29, Volume: 114 Topics: Ascites; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Liver Cirrhosis; Mineralocorticoid	1963
VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION IN SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STATES. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1964, Jan-25, Volume: 90 Topics: Addison Disease; Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Blood Chemical Analysis; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Live	1964
PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN PREGNANCY. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Volume: 23 Topics: Adolescent; Black People; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Epistaxis; Female	1964
[THE TREATMENT OF EDEMA WITH SULFONAMIDE DIURETICS]. Vie medicale (Paris, France : 1920), 1964, Volume: 45 Topics: Acetazolamide; Acidosis; Benzothiadiazines; Chlorothiazide; Chlorthalidone; Dehydration; Diuretics;	1964
[CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC HYPOKALEMIA WITH HYPERKALIURIA IN CHILDREN]. Revue francaise d'etudes cliniques et biologiques, 1964, Volume: 9 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Child; Corticosterone; Dwarf	1964
PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM DUE TO AN ADRENAL ADENOMA IN A THREE-YEAR-OLD CHILD. Acta paediatrica, 1964, Volume: 53 Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Adenoma;	1964
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW DIURETIC, TRIAMTERENE, IN CONJESTIVE HEART FAILURE. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1964, Aug-15, Volume: 91 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Canada; Chlorides; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Edema; Heart Failure; Hydr	1964
A NEW EFFECTIVE DIURETIC--LASIX. British medical journal, 1964, Oct-10, Volume: 2, Issue:5414 Topics: Chlorthalidone; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypokalemia	1964
THE PERIODIC PARALYSES: DIFFERENTIAL FEATURES AND PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN PERMANENT MYOPATHIC WEAKNESS. Brain : a journal of neurology, 1964, Volume: 87 Topics: Acetazolamide; Drug Therapy; Epinephrine; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hydrocortisone; Hyperkalemia;	1964
BILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS WITH ALDOSTERONISM. The British journal of radiology, 1964, Volume: 37 Topics: Angiography; Chlorides; Electrocardiography; Guanethidine; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism	1964
STUDIES ON ETHACRYNIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY EDEMA. Annals of internal medicine, 1965, Volume: 62 Topics: Alkalosis; Blood; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid;	1965
HYPOKALEMIA AND HYPERTENSION; A PRESENTATION OF FOUR CASES INCLUDING A CASE OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1964, Volume: 176 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hydroflumethiazide; Hyperal	1964
PERIODIC PARALYSIS. The American journal of medicine, 1965, Volume: 39 Topics: Adolescent; Chlorides; Cortisone; Diet Therapy; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Digoxin; Drug Therapy; Gene	1965
ISLET-CELL CARCINOMA (ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME) WITH FULMINATING ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION AND HYPOKALEMIA. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1965, Jul-24, Volume: 93 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Hyper	1965
PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM DUE TO AN ADRENAL CARCINOMA. Annals of internal medicine, 1965, Volume: 63 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Alkalosis; Blood; Drug Therapy; Hyperaldosteronism	1965
[APROPOS OF A CASE OF CONN'S SYNDROME. THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERALDOSTERONISM WITH THE HELP OF DYNAMIC FUNCTION TESTS]. Helvetica medica acta, 1964, Volume: 31 Topics: Albumins; Alkalosis; Angiotensins; Diagnosis, Differential; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypoka	1964
CONN'S SYNDROME WITH ASSOCIATED PREGNANCY. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1965, Volume: 58 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Blood; Dexamethasone; Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronis	1965
Distinction between Liddle syndrome and apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Alkalosis; Blood Pressure; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypertension, Renal; Hyp	2004
Evaluation of high blood pressure in a 12-year-old girl. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Child; Dexamethasone; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism;	2004
Co-secretion of aldosterone and cortisol by an adrenocortical carcinoma. Hormone research, 2004, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Adult; Aldosterone; Diuretics; Female; Histocyto	2004
Hypokalemic quadriparesis with normotensive primary hyperaldosteronism. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:8 Topics: Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Middle Aged; Mineralocorticoid Rece	2004
A Korean family of hypokalemic periodic paralysis with mutation in a voltage-gated calcium channel (R1239G). Journal of Korean medical science, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adolescent; Arginine; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Codon; Exons; Famil	2005
Clinical experience with spironolactone in pediatrics. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2005, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Chronic Disease; Diagnosis-Related Groups; Diuretics; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hyperkalemia;	2005
Conn's syndrome presenting as depression. The American journal of psychiatry, 2005, Volume: 162, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Male;	2005
Gitelman's syndrome presenting as intolerance to statin therapy. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 2005, Volume: 42, Issue:Pt 3 Topics: Adult; Amiloride; Cholesterol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutar	2005
Life-threatening hypokalaemia on a low-carbohydrate diet associated with previously undiagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism [corrected]. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2005, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Aldosterone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Carbohydrates; Humans; Hypoaldostero	2005
Gitelman's syndrome with silent thyroiditis. Nagoya journal of medical science, 2006, Volume: 68, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Calcium; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Kidney Diseases; Magnesium; Muscular Diseases; Spironol	2006
[MEN type I presenting hypokalemia and hypertension, complicated with acromegaly, adrenal cortical tumor and rectal carcinoid tumor]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2006, Nov-10, Volume: 95, Issue:11 Topics: Acromegaly; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Aged; Aldosterone; Carcinoid Tumor; Female; Growt	2006
Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Inj	2007
Eplerenone improves prognosis in postmyocardial infarction diabetic patients with heart failure: results from EPHESUS. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; H	2008
Renal cysts and hypokalemia in primary aldosteronism: results of long-term follow-up after treatment. Journal of hypertension, 2007, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Aldosterone; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia	2007
Tailored hormonal therapy in secretory adrenocortical cancer. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2007, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Aged; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Ang	2007
[Instinctive food selection as a disease-regulating factor]. Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950), 1966, Jan-14, Volume: 108, Issue:2 Topics: Appetite; Autonomic Nervous System; Disease; Female; Food; Humans; Hunger; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypoc	1966
Secondary aldosteronism in refractory edema. GP, 1967, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Diuretics; Drug Synergism; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Liver Cirr	1967
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia as a cause of primary aldosteronism with hypertension, hypokalemia and suppressed renin activity. The American journal of medicine, 1967, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Blood Urea Nitrogen;	1967
Differential response to thiazides and spironolactone in primary aldosteronism. Archives of internal medicine, 1967, Volume: 120, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alkalosis; Blood Pressure; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hyperaldoste	1967
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess and deficient 11 beta-oxidation of cortisol in a young female. Clinical endocrinology, 1984, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Alkalosis; Amiloride; Aminoglutethimide; Dexamethasone; Drug The	1984
Pure primary hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal cortical carcinoma. The American journal of medicine, 1984, Volume: 76, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Calcinosis; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; H	1984
A possible role of hypokalemia in the manifestation of high QRS voltage and sinus bradycardia in patients with primary aldosteronism. Japanese circulation journal, 1984, Volume: 48, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperte	1984
[Development of tetany in siblings suffered from Bartter's syndrome]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1984, Volume: 36, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Bartter Syndrome; Biopsy; Calcium; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Kidney; M	1984
Primary aldosteronism is comprised of primary adrenal hyperplasia and adenoma. Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1984, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Ag	1984
[Hypokalemic paralysis in a case with hyperthyroidism and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 1983, Volume: 72, Issue:11 Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperthyroidism; Hypokalemia; Middle Aged; Paralysis; Periodicit	1983
A case of pseudoaldosteronism due to addiction of Jintan, a mouth refresher popular among Japanese. Japanese heart journal, 1982, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Captopril; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle	1982
Drug attributed alterations in potassium handling in congestive cardiac failure. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Diuretics; Female; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperkalemia	1982
[Therapy of cardiac insufficiency with diuretics]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1982, Aug-26, Volume: 100, Issue:31-32 Topics: Amiloride; Benzothiadiazines; Blood Glucose; Diuretics; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Furose	1982
The mechanism underlying chlorthalidone-induced hypokalaemia: effects of sodium restriction, potassium suppletion, spironolactone, and triamterene. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1982, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Chlorthalidone; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Potassium; Spironolactone	1982
Metabolic alkalosis in identical twins receiving a low-chloride formula (pseudo-Bartter's syndrome). Canadian Medical Association journal, 1980, Sep-20, Volume: 123, Issue:6 Topics: Alkalosis; Chlorides; Diseases in Twins; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Hypokalemia; Infant Food; Potass	1980
[Value of successive use of aldactone and aldactacine in the management of congestive heart failure involving at the outset hypokalemia with or without cardiac rhythm disorders]. Dakar medical, 1981, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Drug Combinations; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Ma	1981
Effect of indomethacin in two siblings with a renin-dependent hypertension, hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia. Nephron, 1980, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin II; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hy	1980
Amiloride, spironolactone, and potassium chloride in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1980, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Amiloride; Angiotensin II; Bendroflumethiazide; Bicarbonates; Blood Pressure; Di	1980
Edema associated with laxative abuse and excessive diuretic therapy. Israel journal of medical sciences, 1980, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Cathartics; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Foot Diseases	1980
Correction of hypokalemia with antialdosterone therapy in Gitelman's syndrome. American journal of nephrology, 1994, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Amiloride; Bartter Syndrome; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Dru	1994
Primary hyperaldosteronism--diagnostic approach and management. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1993, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged; Nifedi	1993
[Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria; Bartter's syndrome in Gitelman's variant--case report]. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1995, Volume: 94, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Alkalosis; Bartter Syndrome; Humans; Hypokalemia; Indomethacin; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; P	1995
A case of Gitelman's syndrome with chondrocalcinosis. Endocrine journal, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Bartter Syndrome; Calcium; Chondrocalcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia;	1998
Drugs for chronic heart failure. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1999, Jan-29, Volume: 41, Issue:1045 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angioedema; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting En	1999
Bilateral vocal fold paralysis caused by familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1999, Volume: 120, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Diuretics; Dyspnea; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Paralyses, Familial Periodic;	1999
Comment: spironolactone prevents amphotericin B-induced hypokalemia in neutropenic patients. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2000, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Amphotericin B; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypokalemia; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Neut	2000
A family with liddle's syndrome caused by a mutation in the beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2001, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Base Sequence; Blood Gas Analysis; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diagnosis, Diff	2001
Normokalemic hyperaldosteronism in patients with resistant hypertension. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 2002, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Analysis of Variance; Antihypertensive Agents; Creatinine; Female; Humans;	2002
Primary aldosteronism: the most frequent form of secondary hypertension? The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 2002, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Aldosterone; Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Mineral	2002
Hypertension, hypokalemia, hyporeninemia and severe target organ damage. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1976, Feb-07, Volume: 114, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Cardiomegaly; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokal	1976
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Archives of neurology, 1979, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypokalemia; Male; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Potassium	1979
[Basis and clinical aspects of diuretic drug therapy]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 1979, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Acetazolamide; Benzothiadiazines; Diuretics; Edema; Edema, Cardiac; Furosemide; Glaucoma; Humans; Hy	1979
Mitotane. Spironolactone antagonism in Cushing's syndrome. JAMA, 1977, Dec-05, Volume: 238, Issue:23 Topics: Aged; Cushing Syndrome; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Mitotane; Nausea; Spironolactone	1977
Management of hepatic ascites. British medical journal, 1978, Jan-14, Volume: 1, Issue:6105 Topics: Ascites; Diuresis; Drainage; Humans; Hypokalemia; Liver Diseases; Spironolactone	1978
Potassium-level changes during long-term thiazide therapy. Comprehensive therapy, 1978, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Potassium; Potassium Chloride; Spironol	1978
[Bartter's syndrome, with limited response to adrenalectomy]. Revista medica de Chile, 1978, Volume: 106, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Adult; Bartter Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Juxtaglomer	1978
Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. American pharmacy, 1978, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Diuretics; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Sodium Chloride Symp	1978
Hypophosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in a case of Bartter's syndrome. Helvetica paediatrica acta, 1978, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Alkalosis; Bartter Syndrome; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypokalemi	1978
Asymptomatic Bartter's syndrome. Southern medical journal, 1978, Volume: 71, Issue:11 Topics: Angiotensin II; Bartter Syndrome; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia	1978
The role of potassium-canrenoate on 3H-noradrenaline uptake and metabolism of the rat heart. Acta physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1978, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Canrenoic Acid; Hypokalemia; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Norepinephrine; Pargyline;	1978
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with asystole and syncope: report of a case of sinus node dysfunction with hypokalemia and hypertension. Japanese circulation journal, 1976, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Male; Mi	1976
Bartter's syndrome with hyperplasia of renomedullary cells: successful treatment with indomethacin. Kidney international, 1976, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Bartter Syndrome; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism;	1976
A guide to the practical use of diuretics. JAMA, 1976, Apr-26, Volume: 235, Issue:17 Topics: Administration, Oral; Diuretics; Edema; Furosemide; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperglycemia; Hypertensi	1976
Editorial: Diuretics. American family physician, 1975, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ear Diseases; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Hypokalemia; Potass	1975
Some aspects of diuretic therapy. The Medical journal of Australia, 1975, Mar-22, Volume: 1, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Amiloride; Benzothiadiazines; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etha	1975
Two cases of pseudoaldosteronism (Liddle's syndrome) in siblings. Endocrinologia japonica, 1975, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Dexamethasone; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteroni	1975
Spironolactone, a reassessment. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1975, Oct-10, Volume: 17, Issue:21 Topics: Diuresis; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokale	1975
Therapy of hypokalemia. American family physician, 1976, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Humans; Hypokalemia; Infusions, Parenteral; Potassium Chloride; Spironolactone	1976
Twenty-four year spironolactone therapy in an aged patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma. Acta endocrinologica, 1992, Volume: 126, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aged; Aldosterone; Fe	1992
[Gitelman's tubulopathy: deficit of K/Mg transfer]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1992, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Child; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Pot	1992
[A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type II associated with Bartter's syndrome--restoration of phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by treatment for hypopotassemia]. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai zasshi, 1992, Jul-20, Volume: 68, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Bartter Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hypokalemia; Parathyroid Hormone;	1992
Giant negative U waves in a patient with uncontrolled hypertension and severe hypokalemia. Journal of electrocardiology, 1992, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Fe	1992
A neonate with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 1991, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Aldosterone; Calcium; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Infant, Ne	1991
[Kidney tubular transport disorders. Liddle's syndrome]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1989, Volume: 47, Issue:7 Topics: Dexamethasone; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoaldosteronism; Hypokalemia	1989
New findings in apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Clinical endocrinology, 1987, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Child; Child, Preschool; Cortisone; Female; Humans; Hydroc	1987
Spironolactone-reversible rickets associated with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics, 1986, Volume: 109, Issue:6 Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Bone and	1986
[Acute reversible kidney insufficiency due to enalapril during diuretic-treated heart insufficiency]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1987, Jun-12, Volume: 112, Issue:24 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enalapril; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyp	1987
[Restoration of insulin sensitivity after correction of hypokalemia due to chronic tubulopathy in a diabetic patient]. Diabete & metabolisme, 1988, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Humans; H	1988
Potassium-sparing diuretics. Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1986, Volume: 707 Topics: Amiloride; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium Deficiency; Potassium; Spironola	1986
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess causing hypertension and hypokalemia in children. Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice, 1986, Volume: 8, Issue:4-5 Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Aldosterone; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hydroco	1986
What's new in diuretic therapy. American family physician, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: Acetazolamide; Acid-Base Imbalance; Biological Transport; Diuretics; Drug Resistance; Ethacrynic Aci	1986
Potassium loss, ventricular irritability, and the risk of sudden death in hypertensive patients. Drugs, 1986, Volume: 31 Suppl 4 Topics: Amiloride; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Death, Sudden; Diuretics; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Magnes	1986
Blood to interstitial fluid volume ratio in chronic hypokalaemic states. European journal of clinical investigation, 1985, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Bartter Syndrome; Blood Volume; Chlorthalidone; Chronic Disease; Extracellular Space; Female; Humans	1985
[Principles of treating hypertension patients with diuretics]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1986, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Absorption; Amiloride; Benzothiadiazines; Blood Pressure; Diuresis; Diuretics; Drug Resistance; Huma	1986
Hypokalemic paralysis in Sjögren's syndrome secondary to renal tubular acidosis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Bicarbonates; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Middle Aged; Paralysis; Potassiu	1985
Arrhythmogenic potential of diuretic induced hypokalaemia in patients with mild hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. British heart journal, 1985, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Amiloride; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chlorthalidone; Coronary Disease; Cyclopenthiazide; Diuretics; Fema	1985
Hypertension with aldosterone excess and low plasma-renin: preoperative distinction between patients with and without adrenocortical tumour. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Nov-14, Volume: 2, Issue:7681 Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Age Fac	1970
Apparently isolated excess deoxycorticosterone in hypertension. A variant of the mineralocorticoid-excess syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Aug-05, Volume: 2, Issue:7771 Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Chromatography, Gas; Desoxycorticosterone; Dexamethasone;	1972
Functional black adenoma of the adrenal cortex. A rare cause of primary aldosteronism. American journal of clinical pathology, 1974, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Dexamethasone; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperald	1974
Complications of diuretic therapy in hepatic cirrhosis. Lancet (London, England), 1966, May-14, Volume: 1, Issue:7446 Topics: Chlorothiazide; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypokalemia;	1966
Amiloride ('MK 870') in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver. Lancet (London, England), 1968, Jan-20, Volume: 1, Issue:7534 Topics: Adult; Ascites; Bicarbonates; Creatinine; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Guanidines; Humans	1968
Direct current cardioversion in digitalized patients with mitral valve disease. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Bradycardia; Cardiac Complexes, Pr	1969
[Bartter syndrome. Vascular angiotensin II resistance with juxtaglomerular cellular hyperplasia and hyperaldosteronism]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1965, Nov-12, Volume: 90, Issue:46 Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperplasia; Hypokalemia; Kidney Diseases; Potass	1965
Normotensive secondary hyperaldosteronism. The Journal of pediatrics, 1966, Volume: 69, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Child, Preschool; Diet Therapy; Dwarfism; Female	1966
Hypokalaemic alkalosis and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus without hypertension or oedema. British medical journal, 1967, Nov-11, Volume: 4, Issue:5575 Topics: Adolescent; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Extracellular Space; Humans; Hyperaldosteroni	1967
Primary periodic paralysis associated with hyperkalemic and hypokalemic attacks and with hemolytic bilirubinemia. European neurology, 1968, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Acetazolamide; Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aldosterone; Bilirubin; Dexamethasone	1968
[Disorders of water-electrolyte metabolism associated with decompensated cirrhosis. The danger of various therapeutic drugs]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1968, May-14, Volume: 44, Issue:23 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Ascites; Blood Transfusion; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Blood Volume Dete	1968
[Differential diagnosis of the Bartter syndrome]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1968, Dec-28, Volume: 52 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Biopsy; Chymosin; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hu	1968
Pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 1969, Dec-25, Volume: 281, Issue:26 Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Albumins; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin I	1969
[Chronic idiopathic hypokalemia with hyperkaliuria in a very young infant. (Bioclinical and histological study)]. Annales de pediatrie, 1969, Nov-02, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Calcium; Chlorides; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Growth Disorder	1969
Bartter's syndrome. A report of four cases, including three in one sibship, with comparative histologic evaluation of the juxtaglomerular apparatuses and glomeruli. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement, 1970, Volume: 201 Topics: Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Electrolyte	1970
An unusual type of hypokalaemic alkalosis with a disturbance of renin and aldosterone. Acta endocrinologica, 1970, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Albumins; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Creatinine; D	1970
Case studies of siblings with juxtaglomerular hyperplasia and secondary aldosteronism associated with severe azotemia and renal rickets--Bartter's syndrome or disease? Pediatrics, 1970, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Bone Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hyperaldoste	1970
[The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Disorders and methods of clinical research]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1970, Oct-03, Volume: 100, Issue:40 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Insufficiency; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Dexamethasone; Electrol	1970
Low renin hypertension and the adrenal cortex. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Aug-17, Volume: 287, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Cor	1972
Six year follow-up of a child with Bartter syndrome. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1973, Volume: 126, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Biopsy; Blood Pressure; Child, Preschool; Diet Therapy; Fema	1973
Some observations on the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 1973, Nov-08, Volume: 289, Issue:19 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Angiotensin II; Blood Volume; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hype	1973
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of a woman with Bartter's syndrome: Juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia without hypertension. The Journal of urology, 1974, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyp	1974
The role of mineralocorticoids in the pathogenesis of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1974, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Desoxycorticosterone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperaldosteronism	1974
[A description of a case of Conn's syndrome (author's transl)]. Journal de radiologie, d'electrologie, et de medecine nucleaire, 1974, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Aortography; Female; Humans;	1974
[Severe hypokalemia with tetraplegia due to laxative abuse. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural study (2 cases)]. Annales de medecine interne, 1974, Volume: 125, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Cathartics; Constipation; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Muscles; Potassium; Potassium Ch	1974
[Bartter's syndrome in adults. Case report with light- and electron-microscopic findings]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1973, Apr-06, Volume: 98, Issue:14 Topics: Adult; Alkalosis; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Hypokalemia; Hypoten	1973
Clinical use of potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics. Drugs, 1973, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Amiloride; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia; Kid	1973
Urologic considerations in Bartter's syndrome. The Journal of urology, 1974, Volume: 111, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Carpal Bones; Female; Foot; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Hyperaldosteronism; H	1974
Editorial: Drugs for gastric ulceration. British medical journal, 1974, Apr-27, Volume: 2, Issue:5912 Topics: Bismuth; Cholestyramine Resin; Diethylstilbestrol; Diuresis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycy	1974
Diuretics and hypokalaemia: aldosterone antagonists or potassium supplementation? Acta clinica Belgica, 1974, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Diuretics; Humans; Hypokalemia; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Potass	1974
[Electrocardiographic observations in secondary aldosteronism]. Medizinische Klinik, 1972, Jan-28, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aldosterone; Body Weight; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuresis; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart F	1972
[Problems in Bartter's syndrome]. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1971, Volume: 119, Issue:7 Topics: Alkalosis; Biopsy; Child, Preschool; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism;	1971
Use of metolazone in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease. British medical journal, 1971, Oct-30, Volume: 4, Issue:5782 Topics: Adult; Ascites; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Diuretics; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hypok	1971
[Diuresis and diuretics]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1971, Jun-25, Volume: 83, Issue:25 Topics: Acetazolamide; Acute Disease; Agranulocytosis; Anuria; Biological Transport; Blood Platelet Disorder	1971
[Hypokalemias and their myocardial disorders]. Le Poumon et le coeur, 1971, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diagnosis, Differential; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Heart; Hum	1971
Chronic hypokalaemia with growth retardation, normotensive hyperrenin-hyperaldosteronism ("Bartter's syndrome"), and hypercalciuria. Report of two cases with emphasis on natural history and on catch-up growth during treatment. Helvetica paediatrica acta, 1971, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Alkalosis; Calcium; Child; Chronic Disease; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hy	1971
The complications of diuretic therapy in patients with cirrhosis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1966, Nov-22, Volume: 139, Issue:2 Topics: Alkalosis; Ascites; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Chlorothiazide; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Hepatic Enceph	1966
Drug-induced secondary hyperaldosteronism in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1970, Volume: 39, Issue:154 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Male; M	1970
The new diuretics. Wisconsin medical journal, 1970, Volume: 69, Issue:7 Topics: Acetazolamide; Chlorothiazide; Diuresis; Diuretics; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Humans; Hypo	1970
[Hypokalemia, myopathy with myoglobinuria after prolonged ingestion of licorice]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1970, Sep-17, Volume: 132, Issue:38 Topics: Adult; Alkalosis; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Muscular Dystrophies; Myoglobinuria; Plant	1970
Clinical usage of the newer diuretic agents. Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1970, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Humans; Hypokalemia; Kidney Diseases; Spironolactone; Triamt	1970
Erythrocyte Na flux in a patient with Bartter's syndrome. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1971, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Ammonium Chloride; Biological Transport; Biological Transport, Active; Cell	1971
[Endocrinologic and circulatory findings in a case of primary aldosteronism]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1971, May-28, Volume: 96, Issue:22 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aldosterone; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyp	1971
High dose frusemide in the treatment of hypertension in chronic renal insufficiency and of terminal renal failure. Postgraduate medical journal, 1971, Volume: 47 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuresis; Female; Furosemide; Gout; Humans; Hypertension, R	1971
Urinary citrate excretion in primary aldosteronism. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 1967, Volume: 93, Issue:1 Topics: Addison Disease; Adult; Aldosterone; Carbon Dioxide; Citrates; Desoxycorticosterone; Dexamethasone;	1967
[Periodic paralyses]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1967, Aug-04, Volume: 79, Issue:31 Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Adult; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperthyroidism; Hypokalemia; Male; Muscle	1967
[Hypokalemic ileus and aldosteronism]. Medizinische Klinik, 1967, Dec-29, Volume: 62, Issue:52 Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Iatrogenic Disease; Injections, Intraveno	1967
[2 cases of Cushing's disease with a hypokalemic alkalosis syndrome]. La Revue lyonnaise de medecine, 1967, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:17 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Adult; Alkalosis; Calcium; Cushing Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Metyrapone;	1967
[A case of juvenile arterial hypertension associated with hypokalemia and low aldosterone secretion (Liddle syndrome)]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1968, May-11, Volume: 98, Issue:19 Topics: Adolescent; Aldosterone; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Spironolactone; Triamterene	1968
[Diagnosis and therapy of glycoside intoxication]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1968, Aug-03, Volume: 31 Topics: Cardiac Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Humans; Hypokalemia; Potassium; Spironolactone; Triamterene	1968
[Kidney artery stenosis, renal hypertension and secondary hyperaldosteronism in an 8-year-old boy. (Stunted growth through potassium deficiency)]. Helvetica paediatrica acta, 1968, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Child; Dwarfism; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension, Renal; Hypok	1968
Potassium losing pyelonephritis. Response to spironolactone. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Diet Therapy; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Male; Peptic Ulcer; Potassium; Potassiu	1969
[Primary hyperaldosteronism. Description of a clinical case]. Minerva medica, 1969, Apr-25, Volume: 60, Issue:33 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Alkalosis; Electrolytes;	1969
[Diuretics in cirrhosis. Accidents. Indications]. La Presse medicale, 1969, Mar-29, Volume: 77, Issue:16 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkalosis; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Blood Volume; Diuretics; Edema; Ethacrynic	1969
Diuretics. II. Other drugs. British medical journal, 1969, Jul-26, Volume: 3, Issue:5664 Topics: Drug Synergism; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Humans; Hypokalemia; Spironolactone; Triamterene	1969
[Tetraplegia caused by hypokalemia]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1969, May-01, Volume: 24, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Potassium;	1969
Plasma renin activity in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: failure to distinguish primary aldosteronism from essential hypertension. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Aldosterone; Animals; Biological Assay; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Chlorot	1969
Clinical studies on the acid-base balance disturbance in congestive heart failure. Japanese circulation journal, 1969, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Respiratory; Adult; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Arteries; Benzothiadiaz	1969
Conn's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia with hypertrophy of zona glomerulosa, relieved by unilateral adrenalectomy. The American journal of medicine, 1965, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenalectomy; Adult; Alkalosis; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperaldosteronism;	1965
A new familial disorder characterized by hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1966, Volume: 79 Topics: Adult; Diet Therapy; Erythema; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Middle	1966
Primary aldosteronism due to adrenocortical adenoma (Conn's syndrome). South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1966, Nov-12, Volume: 40, Issue:41 Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypokalemia; Paralysis;	1966
Studies in familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. Australasian annals of medicine, 1966, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chlorides; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuresis; Electroly	1966

spironolactone and Hypokalemia