spironolactone and Death, Sudden, Cardiac studies

Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)
spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.

Death, Sudden, Cardiac: Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure trial (EMPHASIS-HF) was an international randomized trial, comparing eplerenone with placebo in 2737 patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms."	9.17	The impact of eplerenone at different levels of risk in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms: insight from a novel risk score for prognosis derived from the EMPHASIS-HF trial. ( Collier, TJ; Krum, H; McMurray, JJ; Pitt, B; Pocock, SJ; Shi, H; Swedberg, K; van Veldhuisen, DJ; Vincent, J; Zannad, F, 2013)
"In a substudy of the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS), which evaluated the effects of the selective aldosterone receptor antagonist eplerenone versus placebo, serum levels of collagen biomarkers were measured in 476 patients with congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction."	9.14	Extracellular cardiac matrix biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EP ( Angioi, M; Fay, R; Iraqi, W; Ketelslegers, JM; Nuée, J; Pitt, B; Rossignol, P; Vincent, J; Zannad, F, 2009)
"To test the hypothesis that an earlier post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) eplerenone initiation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure (HF) is associated with better long-term outcomes."	9.14	Timing of eplerenone initiation and outcomes in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from the EPHESUS trial. ( Adamopoulos, C; Ahmed, A; Angioi, M; Fay, R; Filippatos, G; Pitt, B; Vincent, J; Zannad, F, 2009)
" We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, on morbidity and mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure."	9.10	Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. ( Bittman, R; Gatlin, M; Hurley, S; Kleiman, J; Martinez, F; Neaton, J; Pitt, B; Remme, W; Roniker, B; Zannad, F, 2003)
" Spironolactone is well known to have an anti-aldosteronergic effect, and this agent could improve cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	7.79	Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Ichikawa, S; Kasama, S; Kumakura, H; Kurabayashi, M; Matsumoto, N; Minami, K; Sato, Y; Sumino, H; Takayama, Y; Toyama, T, 2013)
"Ventricular arrhythmia was recognized as the most common cause of death in this population."	6.69	Effect of spironolactone on ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. ( Coelho, O; Gruppi, CJ; Mady, C; Mansur, A; Maranhão, M; Ramires, FJ; Ramires, JA, 2000)
"Aldosterone also promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodelling by enhancing collagen synthesis, resulting in increased myocardial stiffness and increased left ventricular mass."	6.42	The clinical implications of aldosterone escape in congestive heart failure. ( Struthers, AD, 2004)
"The Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure trial (EMPHASIS-HF) was an international randomized trial, comparing eplerenone with placebo in 2737 patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms."	5.17	The impact of eplerenone at different levels of risk in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms: insight from a novel risk score for prognosis derived from the EMPHASIS-HF trial. ( Collier, TJ; Krum, H; McMurray, JJ; Pitt, B; Pocock, SJ; Shi, H; Swedberg, K; van Veldhuisen, DJ; Vincent, J; Zannad, F, 2013)
"In a substudy of the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS), which evaluated the effects of the selective aldosterone receptor antagonist eplerenone versus placebo, serum levels of collagen biomarkers were measured in 476 patients with congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction."	5.14	Extracellular cardiac matrix biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EP ( Angioi, M; Fay, R; Iraqi, W; Ketelslegers, JM; Nuée, J; Pitt, B; Rossignol, P; Vincent, J; Zannad, F, 2009)
"To test the hypothesis that an earlier post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) eplerenone initiation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure (HF) is associated with better long-term outcomes."	5.14	Timing of eplerenone initiation and outcomes in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from the EPHESUS trial. ( Adamopoulos, C; Ahmed, A; Angioi, M; Fay, R; Filippatos, G; Pitt, B; Vincent, J; Zannad, F, 2009)
" We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, on morbidity and mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure."	5.10	Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. ( Bittman, R; Gatlin, M; Hurley, S; Kleiman, J; Martinez, F; Neaton, J; Pitt, B; Remme, W; Roniker, B; Zannad, F, 2003)
"Patient data were pooled from the CHARM-Preserved (Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity), I-PRESERVE (Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction), and TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial) studies and were examined for the association between having a pacemaker and the risk of the primary composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization, the individual components of the composite, the 2 main modes of cardiovascular death (i."	3.91	Prior Pacemaker Implantation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. ( Anand, IS; Carson, PE; Desai, AS; Docherty, KF; Granger, CB; Jhund, PS; Komajda, M; McKelvie, RS; McMurray, JJV; Petrie, MC; Pfeffer, MA; Shen, L; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Zile, MR, 2019)
" Spironolactone is well known to have an anti-aldosteronergic effect, and this agent could improve cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	3.79	Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Ichikawa, S; Kasama, S; Kumakura, H; Kurabayashi, M; Matsumoto, N; Minami, K; Sato, Y; Sumino, H; Takayama, Y; Toyama, T, 2013)
" Finally, potassium-sparing diuretics, especially spironolactone, play an important role in controlling high blood pressure in patients with primary aldosteronism."	3.69	[The clinical spectrum of potassium-sparing diuretics]. ( Greminger, P; Suter, PM, 1997)
"Ventricular arrhythmia was recognized as the most common cause of death in this population."	2.69	Effect of spironolactone on ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. ( Coelho, O; Gruppi, CJ; Mady, C; Mansur, A; Maranhão, M; Ramires, FJ; Ramires, JA, 2000)
"Aldosterone also promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodelling by enhancing collagen synthesis, resulting in increased myocardial stiffness and increased left ventricular mass."	2.42	The clinical implications of aldosterone escape in congestive heart failure. ( Struthers, AD, 2004)
"The association between low blood pressure (BP) levels and increased mortality has been established in several studies of heart failure (HF)."	1.35	Association of blood pressure and its evolving changes with the survival of patients with heart failure. ( Almendral, J; Bardaji, A; Bayes-Genis, A; Cinca, J; de Luna, AB; Fernandez-Palomeque, C; Gonzalez-JuAnatey, JR; Grigorian-Shamagian, L; Jimenez, RP; Macaya, C; Nieto, V; Pascual, D; Vazquez, R, 2008)

Research

Studies (30)

Authors

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Absolute Change in Serum Markers of Collagen Turnover (Micrograms/L) Over a One-year Follow-up Period in the Spironolactone Group Compared to Placebo.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (10.00)	18.2507
2000's	18 (60.00)	29.6817
2010's	8 (26.67)	24.3611
2020's	1 (3.33)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Kalra, R	1
Gupta, K	1
Sheets, R	1
Aryal, S	1
Ebrahimi, A	1
Rajapreyar, I	1
Cribbs, MG	1
Booker, OJ	1
Prabhu, SD	1
Bajaj, NS	1
Rossello, X	1
Ariti, C	1
Pocock, SJ	2
Ferreira, JP	1
Girerd, N	1
McMurray, JJV	2
Van Veldhuisen, DJ	3
Pitt, B	7
Zannad, F	5
Shen, L	1
Jhund, PS	1
Docherty, KF	1
Petrie, MC	1
Anand, IS	1
Carson, PE	1
Desai, AS	1
Granger, CB	1
Komajda, M	1
McKelvie, RS	1
Pfeffer, MA	1
Solomon, SD	1
Swedberg, K	2
Zile, MR	1
Collier, TJ	1
McMurray, JJ	1
Krum, H	1
Shi, H	1
Vincent, J	3
Grigorian-Shamagian, L	1
Gonzalez-JuAnatey, JR	1
Vazquez, R	1
Cinca, J	1
Bayes-Genis, A	1
Pascual, D	1
Fernandez-Palomeque, C	1
Bardaji, A	1
Almendral, J	1
Nieto, V	1
Macaya, C	1
Jimenez, RP	1
de Luna, AB	1
Saran, R	1
Iraqi, W	1
Rossignol, P	1
Angioi, M	2
Fay, R	2
Nuée, J	1
Ketelslegers, JM	1
Bauersachs, J	1
Adamopoulos, C	1
Ahmed, A	1
Filippatos, G	1
Wei, J	1
Ni, J	1
Huang, D	1
Chen, M	1
Yan, S	1
Peng, Y	1
Santini, M	1
Pignalberi, C	1
Torigoe, K	1
Tamura, A	1
Kawano, Y	1
Shinozaki, K	1
Kotoku, M	1
Kadota, J	1
Kasama, S	1
Toyama, T	1
Sumino, H	1
Kumakura, H	1
Takayama, Y	1
Minami, K	1
Ichikawa, S	1
Matsumoto, N	1
Sato, Y	1
Kurabayashi, M	1
Talatinian, A	1
Chow, SL	1
Heywood, JT	1
Remme, W	1
Neaton, J	1
Martinez, F	1
Roniker, B	1
Bittman, R	1
Hurley, S	1
Kleiman, J	1
Gatlin, M	1
Coca, SG	1
Buller, GK	1
Alberte, C	1
Zipes, DP	1
Traut, V	1
Struthers, AD	1
Yamamoto, T	1
Yano, M	1
Mundhenke, M	1
van der Horst, IC	1
Voors, AA	1
Greminger, P	1
Suter, PM	1
Gottlieb, S	1
Kulbertus, H	1
Ramires, FJ	1
Mansur, A	1
Coelho, O	1
Maranhão, M	1
Gruppi, CJ	1
Mady, C	1
Ramires, JA	1
Gronda, E	1
Mangiavacchi, M	1
Andreuzzi, B	1
Municinò, A	1
Berlin, D	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Non-interventional, Multicenter, Observational Clinical Trial to Assess Eplerenone Treatment in Patients With Heart Failure.[NCT02344199]		450 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-03-31	Completed
The Effects of Eplerenone on Left Ventricular Remodelling Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction: a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Cardiac MR-Based Study[NCT00132093]	Phase 4	100 participants	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
MINeralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Pretreatment to MINIMISE Reperfusion Injury After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)[NCT01882179]	Phase 3	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Is Spironolactone Safe and Effective in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Mild Chronic Renal Failure?[NCT00291720]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Using a reproduciBLe volUmE-Measurement stratEGy in the surGical Reconstruction of the Ischemic Cardiomyopathic Heart[NCT00326690]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to Unable to recruit and enroll patients)
Intracoronary Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: TRACIA Study.[NCT00725738]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Recruiting
Mineralocorticoid Receptor, Coronary Microvascular Function, and Cardiac Efficiency in Hypertension[NCT05593055]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-25	Recruiting
Short-Term Oral Mifepristone for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. A Placebo-controlled Dose Ranging Study of Mifepristone in the Treatment of CSC (STOMP-CSC)[NCT02354170]	Phase 2	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy[NCT00879060]	Phase 4	53 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
Eplerenone for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Pilot Study[NCT01822561]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Placebo-controlled Study of the Effect of Eplerenone on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Women Receiving Anthracycline Therapy for Breast Cancer[NCT01708798]	Phase 2/Phase 3	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to Futility)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Specific variables of collagen turnover markers that will be evaluated include markers of collagen synthesis (PINP, PIIINP), and marker of collagen degradation (ICTP). A two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences between these collagen turnover markers at baseline and the absolute differences in change from baseline to 12 months of follow-up. (NCT00879060)
Timeframe: The time points measured were at Baseline and at 12 Months (Follow-Up).

Assessment of Cardiac Mass and Fibrosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) - Left Atrial Dimension (in mm)

Intervention	micrograms/L (Mean)
	Baseline (PINP)	12 Months (PINP)	Baseline (PIIINP)	12 Months (PIIINP)	Baseline (ICTP)	12 Months (ICTP)
Placebo Control	2.1	0.6	4.5	1.6	2.5	-2.3
Spironolactone	2.1	0.7	4.7	2.0	2.2	2.7

CMR will be utilized as it has superior reproducibility (as compared to 2-D echocardiography). Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) Assessment of myocardial fibrosis by CMR will be expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass (%LV), maximum left ventricular wall thickness (in mm), left ventricular end-diastolic cavity size (in mm/m^2), and left atrial dimension (in mm). (NCT00879060)
Timeframe: The time points measured were at Baseline and at 12 Months (Follow-Up)

Assessment of Cardiac Mass and Fibrosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) - Left Ventricular End-Diastolic (LVED) Cavity Size (in mm/m^2)

Intervention	millimeters (Mean)
	Left Atrial Dimension (Baseline)	Left Atrial Dimension (12-Month Follow-Up)
Placebo Control	41	40
Spironolactone	40	40

CMR will be utilized as it has superior reproducibility (as compared to 2-D echocardiography). Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) Assessment of myocardial fibrosis by CMR will be expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass (%LV), maximum left ventricular wall thickness (in mm), left ventricular end-diastolic (LVED) cavity size (in mm/m^2), and left atrial dimension (in mm). (NCT00879060)
Timeframe: The time points measured were at Baseline and at 12 Months (Follow-Up)

Assessment of Cardiac Mass and Fibrosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) - Maximum Left Ventricular Wall Thickness (in mm)

Intervention	mm/m^2 (Mean)
	LVED Cavity Size (Baseline)	LVED Cavity Size (12-Month Follow-Up)
Placebo Control	145	146
Spironolactone	133	129

Assessment of Cardiac Mass and Fibrosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) - Percentage of Left Ventricular Mass (%LV)

Intervention	millimeters (Mean)
	Maximum Left Ventricular Wall Thickness (Baseline)	Maximum Left Ventricular Wall Thickness (12-Month Follow-Up)
Placebo Control	21	19
Spironolactone	22	22

Measure of Functional Capacity: Peak Oxygen Consumption With Exercise

Intervention	Percentage of Total LV Mass (Mean)
	LGE Assessment of Myocardial Fibrosis (Baseline)	LGE Assessment of Myocardial Fibrosis (12-Month Follow-Up)
Placebo Control	2.5	2.8
Spironolactone	1.1	1.8

This data was collected at baseline, prior to drug administration, and again at 12-months of follow-up to determine if spironolactone improves a subject's functional capacity during exercise (peak oxygen consumption levels/peak VO2). Peak VO2 levels were measured in ml/kg/min. (NCT00879060)
Timeframe: The time points measured were at Baseline and at 12 Months (Follow-Up).

Measure of Heart Failure Symptoms According to the New York Heart Association Functional Class

Intervention	ml/kg/min (Mean)
	Peak VO2 (Baseline)	Peak VO2 (12-Month Follow-Up)
Placebo Control	28	29
Spironolactone	30	29

This data was collected at baseline, prior to drug administration, and again at 12-months of follow-up to assess heart failure symptoms according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, which is an estimate of a patients functional ability. The NYHA functional classes include: Class I (no limitation of physical activity), Class II (slight limitation of physical activity), Class III (marked limitation of physical activity), and Class IV (unable to carry out any physical acitivity without discomfort). (NCT00879060)
Timeframe: Time points were measured at Baseline and again at 12 months (follow-up)

Measure of Indices of Diastolic Function by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography (Septal E/e')

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	NYHA Class (Baseline)	NYHA Class (12-Month Follow Up)
Placebo Control	1.5	1.6
Spironolactone	1.6	1.7

This data was collected at baseline, prior to drug administration, and again at 12-months of follow-up to measure indices of diastolic function by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography using the Septal E/e' ratio. (NCT00879060)
Timeframe: The time points measured were at Baseline and at 12 Months (Follow-Up).

Change in Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	Diastolic Function (Baseline)	Diastolic Function (12-month Follow-Up)
Placebo Control	15	13
Spironolactone	14	13

Visual acuity will be measured with standard eye charts, with manifest refraction at the initiation and conclusion of treatment. Although an important measure, this was not chosen as the primary outcome measure, as some patients with central serous chorioretinopathy may have a normal visual acuity when properly refracted (refraction can change with elevation of the macula by sub-retinal fluid) (NCT01822561)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month after treatment

Change in Macular Thickness

Intervention	logMAR (Mean)
Patients That Took Eplerenone	-0.03

Automated software to calculate the thickness of the macula is standard on commercial OCT devices. Macular thickness before and after treatment will be assessed and compared. (NCT01822561)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month after treatment

Change in Serum Potassium

Intervention	Microns (Mean)
Patients That Received Eplerenone	-26

Eplerenone can cause elevation of serum potassium. After initial screening, serum potassium was evaluated at 1 and 4 weeks after baseline. (NCT01822561)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month after treatment

Change in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness, Study Eye

Intervention	mEq/L (Mean)
Patients That Received Eplerenone	0.11

Choroidal thickness can be measured using optical coherence tomography, and is known to be affected in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. Thickness of the choroid under the fovea will be manually calculated in both the study eye. (NCT01822561)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month after treatment

Complete Resolution of Subretinal Fluid

Intervention	microns (Mean)
Patients That Received Eplerenone	29.8

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique capable of extremely high resolution (~5-7 microns) imaging of the macula, and is able to detect the presence and amount of subretinal fluid present, the key anatomic abnormality in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (NCT01822561)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month after treatment

Article	Year
Impact of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction: an individual patient-level meta-analysis of three randomized-controlled trials. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2019, Volume: 108, Issue:5 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Heart Failure; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Randomized Co	2019
The effect of aldosterone antagonists for ventricular arrhythmia: a meta-analysis. Clinical cardiology, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Confidence Intervals; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diuretics; Eplerenone; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Recep	2010
Expanding role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of heart failure. Pharmacotherapy, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:9 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Mineralocorticoid Receptor	2012
Use of nonantiarrhythmic drugs for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2003, Volume: 14, Issue:9 Suppl Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Comorbidity; Death, Sudden, Cardia	2003
The clinical implications of aldosterone escape in congestive heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Endothelium, Vascular	2004
[Aldosterone antagonist therapy for chronic heart failure]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2005, Feb-10, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Aldosterone; Chronic Disease; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diuretics; Eplerenone; Fibrosis; Heart Failure	2005
[Arrhythmia risk stratification in patients with heart failure according to drug treatment and its effects]. Italian heart journal. Supplement : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology, 2001, Volume: 2, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Amiodarone; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; A	2001

Article	Year
The impact of eplerenone at different levels of risk in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms: insight from a novel risk score for prognosis derived from the EMPHASIS-HF trial. European heart journal, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:36 Topics: Adult; Aged; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure, Systolic; Hospitalization; H	2013
Extracellular cardiac matrix biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EP Circulation, 2009, May-12, Volume: 119, Issue:18 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Extracellu	2009
Timing of eplerenone initiation and outcomes in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from the EPHESUS trial. European journal of heart failure, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:11 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Hum	2009
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Apr-03, Volume: 348, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Double-Blind Method; Eplerenone; Female; Heart Failure	2003
[Study of the month. The RALES study (randomized aldactone evaluation study]. Revue medicale de Liege, 1999, Volume: 54, Issue:9 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Mal	1999
Effect of spironolactone on ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. The American journal of cardiology, 2000, May-15, Volume: 85, Issue:10 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antihypertensive Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Death,	2000

Article	Year
Cardiac Function and Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (from the TOPCAT Trial). The American journal of cardiology, 2020, 08-15, Volume: 129 Topics: Aged; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diastole; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Arrest; Heart Failure; Human	2020
Prior Pacemaker Implantation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC. Heart failure, 2019, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds	2019
Association of blood pressure and its evolving changes with the survival of patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure, 2008, Volume: 14, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Pressure; Calcium	2008
The role of aldosterone blockade in end-stage renal disease. Cardiology, 2009, Volume: 114, Issue:1 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Drug Ther	2009
[Aldosterone antagonists for all patients with heart failure?]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2009, Apr-09, Volume: 151, Issue:15 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epleren	2009
Timing of defibrillator implant after acute myocardial infarction: what's new? Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Eplerenone; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practi	2011
Upright T waves in lead aVR are associated with cardiac death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with a prior myocardial infarction. Heart and vessels, 2012, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction; Chi-Square Distribution; Death, Sudden, Card	2012
Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 2013, Jul-15, Volume: 167, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart F	2013
Eplerenone in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jul-03, Volume: 349, Issue:1 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Humans; Hypokalemia; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Myo	2003
[Selective aldosterone blocking in heart failure. Eplerenone reduces the risk after infarction]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Oct-30, Volume: 145, Issue:44 Topics: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diuretics; Double-Blind Method; Epleren	2003
[Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2004, May-07, Volume: 129, Issue:19 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Humans; Placebos; Primary Prevention;	2004
Sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Sep-22, Volume: 353, Issue:12 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Eplerenone; Heart Failure; Humans; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; M	2005
[Cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and resynchronization in every patient with cardiac failure]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2006, Oct-13, Volume: 131, Issue:41 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibit	2006
Treatment of heart failure with ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers: what is next? Aldosterone receptor antagonists? Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2007, Volume: 96, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiac Output, Low; Chronic	2007
[The clinical spectrum of potassium-sparing diuretics]. Praxis, 1997, Apr-02, Volume: 86, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism	1997
Drug cuts deaths from heart failure by a third. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999, Jul-31, Volume: 319, Issue:7205 Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Prognosis; Spironolactone	1999
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spironolactone and Death, Sudden, Cardiac