spironolactone and Cirrhosis, Liver studies

Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)
spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of Spironolactone and Eplerenone in management of ascites due to liver cirrhosis."	9.34	Comparative study of spironolactone and eplerenone in management of ascites in patients of cirrhosis of liver. ( Sehgal, R; Singh, H; Singh, IP, 2020)
"The beneficial effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade by spironolactone have been shown in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	9.24	Effects of combined low-dose spironolactone plus vitamin E vs vitamin E monotherapy on insulin resistance, non-invasive indices of steatosis and fibrosis, and adipokine levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. ( Katsinelos, P; Kountouras, J; Mantzoros, CS; Polymerou, V; Polyzos, SA, 2017)
" Patients without hyperkalemia were administrated 100 mg of spironolactone/day."	9.22	High Dose Oral Furosemide with Salt Ingestion in the Treatment of Refractory Ascites of Liver Cirrhosis. ( Demir, M; Dogan, O; Ozer, B; Parlakgumus, A; Serin, E; Yakar, T, 2016)
" To investigate the effects of the addition of a vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonist, satavaptan, to 100mg spironolactone on ascites recurrence after a large volume paracentesis in patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the presence of hyponatraemia."	9.14	Effects of a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, satavaptan, on ascites recurrence after paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis. ( Angeli, P; Bernardi, M; Gines, P; Gow, P; Horsmans, Y; Minini, P; Watson, H; Wong, F, 2010)
"Satavaptan treatment was associated with a decrease in ascites (mean change in body weight was -0."	9.14	Clinical trial: short-term effects of combination of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, and diuretics on ascites in patients with cirrhosis without hyponatraemia--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bruha, R; Dudley, F; Ginès, P; Terg, R; Watson, H; Wong, F; Zarski, JP, 2010)
"To study the usefulness of the combination of clonidine--spironolactone in refractory ascites."	9.11	Comparative pilot study of repeated large volume paracentesis vs the combination on clonidine-spironolactone in the treatment of cirrhosis-associated refractory ascites. ( Codden, T; Henry, JP; Legros, F; Lenaerts, A; Ligny, G, 2005)
"The most rational treatment of moderate ascites is spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide."	9.10	Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. ( Cabré, E; Durández, R; Gassull, MA; Granada, ML; Jiménez, JA; Morillas, RM; Pardo, A; Planas, R; Quintero, E; Santos, J, 2003)
"Mastalgia is occasionally found in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially in those receiving spironolactone for treatment of ascites."	9.09	Treatment of mastalgia with tamoxifen in male patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized crossover study. ( Chang, FY; Chu, CJ; Hwang, SJ; Kuo, BI; Lee, FY; Lee, SD; Li, CP; Lin, HC, 2000)
"Fifteen patients with newly diagnosed cirrhotic ascites were randomized to receive either 100 mg spironolactone daily for 7 days or 250 mg theophylline on days 1, 2, 4 and 6."	9.08	Comparison between theophylline and spironolactone in the management of cirrhotic ascites: a randomized controlled study. ( Dabos, KJ; Forrest, EH; Hayes, PC; MacGilchrist, AJ; Stanley, AJ, 1998)
"Torsemide increased sodium excretion substantially in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who were receiving spironolactone."	9.07	A dose-response study of orally administered torsemide in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis. ( Applefeld, JJ; Dukes, GE; Hak, LJ; Kasmer, RJ; McClain, CJ; Wermeling, DP, 1994)
"Eighteen patients with hepatic cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome and having edema and/or ascites were treated during successive periods with metolazone 5 to 40 mg/day, spironolactone 100 mg/day, and with both diuretics concurrently."	9.04	Metolazone and spironolactone in cirrhosis and the nephrotic syndrome. ( Arruda, JA; Dhupelia, VB; Kane, RE; Lang, GR; Nascimento, L; Westenfelder, C, 1977)
"Among 459 patients with hepatic edema enrolled in a retrospective, multicenter collaborative study, we analyzed 407 patients who received tolvaptan."	7.96	Analysis of factors associated with the prognosis of cirrhotic patients who were treated with tolvaptan for hepatic edema. ( Abe, H; Arai, T; Atsukawa, M; Chuma, M; Fukunishi, S; Hattori, N; Hiraoka, A; Iio, E; Ikegami, T; Itokawa, N; Iwakiri, K; Iwasa, M; Kato, K; Kondo, C; Kumada, T; Michitaka, K; Nakagawa-Iwashita, A; Nozaki, A; Okubo, H; Okubo, T; Senoh, T; Tada, T; Takaguchi, K; Takei, Y; Tanaka, Y; Tani, J; Toyoda, H; Tsubota, A; Tsutsui, A; Uojima, H; Watanabe, T; Yokohama, K; Yoshida, Y, 2020)
"Tolvaptan is a new drug used for treating ascites induced by liver cirrhosis, and it is covered by health insurance in Japan."	7.81	Re-response to tolvaptan after furosemide dose reduction in a patient with refractory ascites. ( Goto, A; Matsumoto, M; Nakamura, M; Sakaida, I; Terai, S, 2015)
"To evaluate the factors leading to hyperkalemia in patients with cirrhosis receiving spironolactone."	7.72	Factors predicting hyperkalemia in patients with cirrhosis receiving spironolactone. ( Abbas, Z; Jafri, W; Mumtaz, K; Salam, A, 2003)
" He developed nonA-nonB-induced liver cirrhosis and had been treated with spironolactone for the last 6 years."	7.68	Reversal of andro-genetic alopecia in a male. A spironolactone effect? ( Bou-Abboud, CF; Nemec, F; Toffel, F, 1990)
"The effect of spironolactone on renal magnesium excretion under both basal conditions and conditions of frusemide-induced diuresis was studied in 11 control subjects with normal hepatic and renal function and in 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites."	7.68	Attenuation by spironolactone of the magnesiuric effect of acute frusemide administration in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. ( Mayopoulou-Symvoulidou, D; Mountokalakis, TD; Stergiou, GS, 1993)
"In cirrhotic patients low-dose captopril seems to be efficient in the treatment of ascites resistant to diuretics without causing major side effects."	7.67	[Effect of captopril therapy on sodium and water excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites]. ( Brunkhorst, R; Koch, K; Kühn, K; Schmidt, FW; Wrenger, E, 1989)
"The effect of spironolactone on the urinary excretion of prostaglandins was studied in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites."	7.67	Effect of spironolactone on renal prostaglandin excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. ( Guarner, F; Medina, JF; Milazzo, A; Prieto, J; Quiroga, J, 1986)
"Five patients with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and oesophageal varices received spironolactone in daily doses of 50-200 mg."	7.67	[Spironolactone in the treatment of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. A new therapeutic principle?]. ( Klein, CP, 1985)
"Twenty patients with cirrhosis and ascites but no renal failure were given piretanide, a new loop diuretic, in order to investigate its efficacy and to relate the diuretic response with the pretreatment plasma aldosterone concentration."	7.66	Use of piretanide, a new loop diuretic, in cirrhosis with ascites: relationship between the diuretic response and the plasma aldosterone level. ( Arroyo, V; Bosch, J; Cabrera, J; Casamitjana, R; Rivera, F; Rodés, J, 1980)
"Potassium excretion was enhanced by spironolactone and it was inhibited by amiloride in a patient with ascites."	7.65	Opposite effects of spironolactone and amiloride on potassium excretion in a patient with ascites due to liver cirrhosis. ( Juhos, E; Radó, JP, 1976)
"The aim of this study was to specify the mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy which may occur in some cirrhotics treated by Spironolactone."	7.65	[Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics receiving spironolactone (author's transl)]. ( Imler, M; Schlienger, JL, 1977)
"The dynamic excretion of aldadiene, the principal metabolite of spironolactone with biological activity, was studied in normal subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis following administration of spironolactone."	7.65	Spironolactone metabolism in normal subjects and in patients with liver cirrhosis. ( Bodrogi, L; Fehér, T; Koref, O; Váradi, A, 1977)
""Refractory" ascites was drained off by combinations of antialdosterone (spironolactone, canrenone) and pseudoantialdosterone (triamterene, amiloride) drugs inducing as high sodium excretion as 100 mEq per day in two patients with liver cirrhosis kept on a 9 mEq Na diet."	7.65	Reversal of the suppressed potassium excretion during treatment with combinations of antikaliuretic drugs (spironolactone, canrenone, triamterene, amiloride) in patients with liver cirrhosis. ( Juhos, E; Radó, JP; Sawinsky, I, 1976)
" To develop an effective but safe regimen for treatment of cirrhotic ascites, a two-part crossover study was done."	6.64	An optimal diuretic regimen for cirrhotic ascites. A controlled trial evaluating safety and efficacy of spironolactone and furosemide. ( Fuller, RK; Gobezie, GC; Khambatta, PB, 1977)
"Spironolactone is an aldosterone receptor antagonist used to control fluid overload in cirrhotic patients although recent studies suggest that it also inhibits angiogenesis."	5.42	The Impact of Spironolactone on the Severity of Portal-Systemic Collaterals and Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Rats. ( Chang, CC; Ho, HL; Hsin, IF; Hsu, SJ; Huang, HC; Huo, TI; Lee, FY; Lee, SD; Lin, HC; Wang, SS, 2015)
"The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of Spironolactone and Eplerenone in management of ascites due to liver cirrhosis."	5.34	Comparative study of spironolactone and eplerenone in management of ascites in patients of cirrhosis of liver. ( Sehgal, R; Singh, H; Singh, IP, 2020)
"The intent of this study was to identify pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics for spironolactone (SP) and its metabolites (canrenone, 6 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone) in cirrhotics under steady state conditions."	5.28	Spironolactone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cirrhotic ascites. ( Bartle, WR; DeAngelis, C; Pappas, C; Sungaila, I; Uetrecht, J; Vidins, E; Walker, SE, 1992)
" The dosage of spironolactone needed to induce a negative sodium balance correlated significantly with plasma aldosterone concentration: r = 0."	5.27	Importance of plasma aldosterone concentration on the natriuretic effect of spironolactone in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. ( Bernardi, M; Gasbarrini, G; Rusticali, AG; Servadei, D; Trevisani, F, 1985)
" A simple clinical method using the urinary Na/K ratio as a guide to spironolactone dosage is outlined."	5.25	Spironolactone diuresis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. ( Eggert, RC, 1970)
"The beneficial effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade by spironolactone have been shown in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	5.24	Effects of combined low-dose spironolactone plus vitamin E vs vitamin E monotherapy on insulin resistance, non-invasive indices of steatosis and fibrosis, and adipokine levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. ( Katsinelos, P; Kountouras, J; Mantzoros, CS; Polymerou, V; Polyzos, SA, 2017)
" Patients without hyperkalemia were administrated 100 mg of spironolactone/day."	5.22	High Dose Oral Furosemide with Salt Ingestion in the Treatment of Refractory Ascites of Liver Cirrhosis. ( Demir, M; Dogan, O; Ozer, B; Parlakgumus, A; Serin, E; Yakar, T, 2016)
"Satavaptan treatment was associated with a decrease in ascites (mean change in body weight was -0."	5.14	Clinical trial: short-term effects of combination of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, and diuretics on ascites in patients with cirrhosis without hyponatraemia--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Bruha, R; Dudley, F; Ginès, P; Terg, R; Watson, H; Wong, F; Zarski, JP, 2010)
" To investigate the effects of the addition of a vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonist, satavaptan, to 100mg spironolactone on ascites recurrence after a large volume paracentesis in patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the presence of hyponatraemia."	5.14	Effects of a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, satavaptan, on ascites recurrence after paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis. ( Angeli, P; Bernardi, M; Gines, P; Gow, P; Horsmans, Y; Minini, P; Watson, H; Wong, F, 2010)
"Twenty nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites were treated with furosemide and spironolactone."	5.12	The effects of treatment with octreotide, diuretics, or both on portal hemodynamics in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites. ( Economou, M; Kalambokis, G; Kosta, P; Papadimitriou, K; Tsianos, EV, 2006)
"To investigate the safety and tolerability of RWJ-351647 compared with placebo after single oral dose administration to patients with cirrhosis and ascites, on a stable treatment with furosemide and spironolactone."	5.12	Oral V2 receptor antagonist (RWJ-351647) in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study. ( Korula, J; Maheshwari, A; Parikh, C; Schrier, RW; Steare, S; Thuluvath, PJ; Wong, F; Yoo, HW, 2006)
"The effects of the addition of clonidine to diuretics on the mobilization of ascites in the short term (diuretic response and requirement of diuretics) and the long term (readmissions for tense ascites and requirement of diuretics) were examined in patients with cirrhosis and with increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity."	5.12	Effects of clonidine on diuretic response in ascitic patients with cirrhosis and activation of sympathetic nervous system. ( Codden, T; Henry, JP; Lenaerts, A; Ligny, G; Meunier, JC, 2006)
"To study the usefulness of the combination of clonidine--spironolactone in refractory ascites."	5.11	Comparative pilot study of repeated large volume paracentesis vs the combination on clonidine-spironolactone in the treatment of cirrhosis-associated refractory ascites. ( Codden, T; Henry, JP; Legros, F; Lenaerts, A; Ligny, G, 2005)
"The most rational treatment of moderate ascites is spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide."	5.10	Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. ( Cabré, E; Durández, R; Gassull, MA; Granada, ML; Jiménez, JA; Morillas, RM; Pardo, A; Planas, R; Quintero, E; Santos, J, 2003)
"Mastalgia is occasionally found in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially in those receiving spironolactone for treatment of ascites."	5.09	Treatment of mastalgia with tamoxifen in male patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized crossover study. ( Chang, FY; Chu, CJ; Hwang, SJ; Kuo, BI; Lee, FY; Lee, SD; Li, CP; Lin, HC, 2000)
"Fifteen patients with newly diagnosed cirrhotic ascites were randomized to receive either 100 mg spironolactone daily for 7 days or 250 mg theophylline on days 1, 2, 4 and 6."	5.08	Comparison between theophylline and spironolactone in the management of cirrhotic ascites: a randomized controlled study. ( Dabos, KJ; Forrest, EH; Hayes, PC; MacGilchrist, AJ; Stanley, AJ, 1998)
"Five patients (three in the placebo and two in the spironolactone group) abandoned the treatment prior to ascites recurrence or the end of the study due to complications or lack of compliance."	5.08	Diuretic requirements after therapeutic paracentesis in non-azotemic patients with cirrhosis. A randomized double-blind trial of spironolactone versus placebo. ( Adler, M; Arroyo, V; Elewaut, A; Fernández-Esparrach, G; Geuvel, A; Ginès, P; Guevara, M; Jiménez, W; Lebrec, D; Pardo, A; Planas, R; Sort, P, 1997)
"In a prospective randomized short-term study, the efficacy and safety of xipamide and a combination of spironolactone and furosemide were compared in the treatment of hepatic cirrhotic ascites."	5.07	Liver cirrhosis with ascites: pathogenesis of resistance to diuretics and long-term efficacy and safety of torasemide. ( Knauf, H; Mutschler, E, 1994)
"Torsemide increased sodium excretion substantially in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who were receiving spironolactone."	5.07	A dose-response study of orally administered torsemide in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis. ( Applefeld, JJ; Dukes, GE; Hak, LJ; Kasmer, RJ; McClain, CJ; Wermeling, DP, 1994)
" Both drugs were administered in association with spironolactone (200 mg/day) in 28 nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with controlled ascites."	5.07	Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. ( Elia, G; Fiaccadori, F; Pasetti, G; Pedretti, G; Pizzaferri, P, 1993)
"Forty patients with cirrhosis of the liver and tense ascites were randomized to receive either aldactone 400 mg/day and furosemide 80 mg/day (n = 20) or repeated large volume paracentesis (LVP) and infusion of low molecular weight dextran (n = 20)."	5.07	Large volume paracentesis and intravenous dextran to treat tense ascites. ( Acharya, SK; Balwinder, S; Nijhawan, S; Padhee, AK; Tandon, BN, 1992)
"In a randomized prospective study the efficacy and side effects of xipamide versus the combination spironolactone/furosemide in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites were studied."	5.06	Prediction of diuretic mobilization of cirrhotic ascites by pretreatment fractional sodium excretion. ( Gerok, W; Goerg, KJ; Knauf, H; Leser, HG; Mutschler, E; Schölmerich, J; Wenk, E, 1990)
"Plasma levels of canrenone and androgen receptor-active materials (ARM) were determined during long-term oral K-canrenoate or spironolactone therapy in cirrhotics with chronic recurrent ascites."	5.06	Canrenone and androgen receptor-active materials in plasma of cirrhotic patients during long-term K-canrenoate or spironolactone therapy. ( Andriulli, A; Armanini, D; Arrigoni, A; Buzzetti, G; Gindro, T; Karbowiak, I, 1989)
"Two groups of patients with water retention due to ascites in cirrhosis of the liver were treated with antialdosterone diuretics (42 cases with K-canrenoate and 48 cases with spironolactone) for prolonged periods of time (an average of more than 5 months)."	5.06	[Controlled study of the effect of long-term administration of canrenoate potassium in cirrhotic ascites]. ( Traina, M; Vizzini, GB, 1986)
"To compare the efficacy of three commonly used diuretic regimens in the treatment of ascites, we randomized 90 patients to three treatment groups: Sequential Spironolactone (spironolactone followed by furosemide if necessary), Combination (spironolactone and furosemide in combination), and Furosemide (furosemide given alone)."	5.05	Diuresis in the ascitic patient: a randomized controlled trial of three regimens. ( Fogel, MR; Gregory, PB; Knauer, CM; Miller, RG; Neal, EA; Sawhney, VK, 1981)
"Eighteen patients with hepatic cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome and having edema and/or ascites were treated during successive periods with metolazone 5 to 40 mg/day, spironolactone 100 mg/day, and with both diuretics concurrently."	5.04	Metolazone and spironolactone in cirrhosis and the nephrotic syndrome. ( Arruda, JA; Dhupelia, VB; Kane, RE; Lang, GR; Nascimento, L; Westenfelder, C, 1977)
"Among 459 patients with hepatic edema enrolled in a retrospective, multicenter collaborative study, we analyzed 407 patients who received tolvaptan."	3.96	Analysis of factors associated with the prognosis of cirrhotic patients who were treated with tolvaptan for hepatic edema. ( Abe, H; Arai, T; Atsukawa, M; Chuma, M; Fukunishi, S; Hattori, N; Hiraoka, A; Iio, E; Ikegami, T; Itokawa, N; Iwakiri, K; Iwasa, M; Kato, K; Kondo, C; Kumada, T; Michitaka, K; Nakagawa-Iwashita, A; Nozaki, A; Okubo, H; Okubo, T; Senoh, T; Tada, T; Takaguchi, K; Takei, Y; Tanaka, Y; Tani, J; Toyoda, H; Tsubota, A; Tsutsui, A; Uojima, H; Watanabe, T; Yokohama, K; Yoshida, Y, 2020)
"Tolvaptan is a new drug used for treating ascites induced by liver cirrhosis, and it is covered by health insurance in Japan."	3.81	Re-response to tolvaptan after furosemide dose reduction in a patient with refractory ascites. ( Goto, A; Matsumoto, M; Nakamura, M; Sakaida, I; Terai, S, 2015)
"To evaluate the factors leading to hyperkalemia in patients with cirrhosis receiving spironolactone."	3.72	Factors predicting hyperkalemia in patients with cirrhosis receiving spironolactone. ( Abbas, Z; Jafri, W; Mumtaz, K; Salam, A, 2003)
" Oral spironolactone plus transdermal nitroglycerin were given to patients who had diffuse mucosal cherry-red spots and/or rectal varices."	3.70	Relationship of portal pressure and colorectal vasculopathy in patients with cirrhosis. ( Makino, H; Nishio, M; Sugano, S; Suzuki, T, 1999)
" He developed nonA-nonB-induced liver cirrhosis and had been treated with spironolactone for the last 6 years."	3.68	Reversal of andro-genetic alopecia in a male. A spironolactone effect? ( Bou-Abboud, CF; Nemec, F; Toffel, F, 1990)
"The effect of spironolactone on renal magnesium excretion under both basal conditions and conditions of frusemide-induced diuresis was studied in 11 control subjects with normal hepatic and renal function and in 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites."	3.68	Attenuation by spironolactone of the magnesiuric effect of acute frusemide administration in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. ( Mayopoulou-Symvoulidou, D; Mountokalakis, TD; Stergiou, GS, 1993)
"The effect of spironolactone on the urinary excretion of prostaglandins was studied in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites."	3.67	Effect of spironolactone on renal prostaglandin excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. ( Guarner, F; Medina, JF; Milazzo, A; Prieto, J; Quiroga, J, 1986)
"Five patients with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and oesophageal varices received spironolactone in daily doses of 50-200 mg."	3.67	[Spironolactone in the treatment of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. A new therapeutic principle?]. ( Klein, CP, 1985)
"In cirrhotic patients low-dose captopril seems to be efficient in the treatment of ascites resistant to diuretics without causing major side effects."	3.67	[Effect of captopril therapy on sodium and water excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites]. ( Brunkhorst, R; Koch, K; Kühn, K; Schmidt, FW; Wrenger, E, 1989)
" Graded single intravenous (100-1600 mg) or peroral (100-400 mg) doses were administered to six patients with ascites due to liver cirrhosis without and during basic treatment with spironolactone."	3.66	Comparison of azosemide and furosemide in ascitic patients without and during administration of spironolactone. ( Gercsák, G; Hartai, A; Molnár, Z; Radó, JP, 1982)
"Twenty patients with cirrhosis and ascites but no renal failure were given piretanide, a new loop diuretic, in order to investigate its efficacy and to relate the diuretic response with the pretreatment plasma aldosterone concentration."	3.66	Use of piretanide, a new loop diuretic, in cirrhosis with ascites: relationship between the diuretic response and the plasma aldosterone level. ( Arroyo, V; Bosch, J; Cabrera, J; Casamitjana, R; Rivera, F; Rodés, J, 1980)
"The dynamic excretion of aldadiene, the principal metabolite of spironolactone with biological activity, was studied in normal subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis following administration of spironolactone."	3.65	Spironolactone metabolism in normal subjects and in patients with liver cirrhosis. ( Bodrogi, L; Fehér, T; Koref, O; Váradi, A, 1977)
"The aim of this study was to specify the mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy which may occur in some cirrhotics treated by Spironolactone."	3.65	[Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics receiving spironolactone (author's transl)]. ( Imler, M; Schlienger, JL, 1977)
"Potassium excretion was enhanced by spironolactone and it was inhibited by amiloride in a patient with ascites."	3.65	Opposite effects of spironolactone and amiloride on potassium excretion in a patient with ascites due to liver cirrhosis. ( Juhos, E; Radó, JP, 1976)
""Refractory" ascites was drained off by combinations of antialdosterone (spironolactone, canrenone) and pseudoantialdosterone (triamterene, amiloride) drugs inducing as high sodium excretion as 100 mEq per day in two patients with liver cirrhosis kept on a 9 mEq Na diet."	3.65	Reversal of the suppressed potassium excretion during treatment with combinations of antikaliuretic drugs (spironolactone, canrenone, triamterene, amiloride) in patients with liver cirrhosis. ( Juhos, E; Radó, JP; Sawinsky, I, 1976)
"In eight patients with cirrhosis and stable ascites controlled on chlorothiazide and spironolactone, a small particle preparation of spironolactone (Aldactone A) was as effective, at one quarter the dosage, as conventional spironolactone (Aldactone)."	3.64	A comparison of the use of Aldactone and Aldactone A in the treatment of hepatic ascites. ( GARSENSTEIN, M; RYDER, JA; SHALDON, S, 1963)
"Since hyperprolactinemia is frequently observed in liver disease, this prospective study of 19 patients evaluated the influence of prolactin on urinary electrolytes excretion in cirrhosis."	2.67	Indirect evidence to suggest that prolactin induces salt retention in cirrhosis. ( Buisson, L; Decaux, G; Prospert, F; Soupart, A, 1994)
" To develop an effective but safe regimen for treatment of cirrhotic ascites, a two-part crossover study was done."	2.64	An optimal diuretic regimen for cirrhotic ascites. A controlled trial evaluating safety and efficacy of spironolactone and furosemide. ( Fuller, RK; Gobezie, GC; Khambatta, PB, 1977)
"Portal hypertension is one of the main consequences of cirrhosis."	2.43	Current management of the complications of portal hypertension: variceal bleeding and ascites. ( Calès, P; Dib, N; Oberti, F, 2006)
"Spironolactone has long been a standard for the treatment of cirrhotic ascites because it directly antagonizes aldosterone."	2.38	Medical treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. ( Gerbes, AL, 1993)
"Liver cirrhosis is associated to circulatory abnormalities leading to hypovolemia and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)."	1.91	Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression. ( Alvarez de la Rosa, D; González-Alayón, C; Hernández, G; Hernández-Guerra, M; Porrini, E; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, AE; Serrano-Morillas, N; Vastola-Mascolo, A, 2023)
"Spironolactone is an aldosterone receptor antagonist used to control fluid overload in cirrhotic patients although recent studies suggest that it also inhibits angiogenesis."	1.42	The Impact of Spironolactone on the Severity of Portal-Systemic Collaterals and Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Rats. ( Chang, CC; Ho, HL; Hsin, IF; Hsu, SJ; Huang, HC; Huo, TI; Lee, FY; Lee, SD; Lin, HC; Wang, SS, 2015)
"Ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome are among the complications you are likely to encounter when caring for a patient with cirrhosis."	1.42	Cirrhosis complications: keeping them under control. ( Eliacin, I; Kashan, S; Minor, SE; Whisenant, EB, 2015)
"Treatment with spironolactone significantly lowered portal pressure."	1.38	Spironolactone lowers portal hypertension by inhibiting liver fibrosis, ROCK-2 activity and activating NO/PKG pathway in the bile-duct-ligated rat. ( Cui, K; Huang, S; Ji, HL; Li, X; Luo, W; Meng, Y; Ni, SY; Pan, CQ; Xiao, LM; Yu, CH; Zhang, ZS, 2012)
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using previously developed barrier-limited and space-distributed models."	1.36	Liver fibrosis impairs hepatic pharmacokinetics of liver transplant drugs in the rat model. ( Asadian, P; Crawford, DH; Fletcher, LM; Khlentzos, AM; Li, P; Liu, X; Roberts, MS; Robertson, TA; Thorling, CA; Zou, YH, 2010)
"Ascites in liver cirrhosis is a symptom of advanced liver disease, and liver transplantation should always be considered in eligible patients."	1.31	[Therapeutic program for ascites. Recommendations from the Swedish Society of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy]. ( Lööf, L; Prytz, H; Söderlund, C; Wallerstedt, S, 2001)
" These results show that long-term administration of spironolactone to patients with cirrhosis and no ascites produced a significant reduction in HVPG that may have been due to gradual, sustained volume contraction."	1.29	Plasma volume contraction in portal hypertension. ( Aramaki, T; Katsuta, Y; Okumura K [corrected to Okumura, H]; Okumura, H; Satomura, K; Sekiyama, T, 1993)
"The intent of this study was to identify pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics for spironolactone (SP) and its metabolites (canrenone, 6 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone) in cirrhotics under steady state conditions."	1.28	Spironolactone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cirrhotic ascites. ( Bartle, WR; DeAngelis, C; Pappas, C; Sungaila, I; Uetrecht, J; Vidins, E; Walker, SE, 1992)
" Our data demonstrated a significant reduction in the hepatic venous pressure gradient on a chronic administration of spironolactone, which may have been due to volume contractions in patients with cirrhosis and no ascites."	1.28	Reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient as a consequence of volume contraction due to chronic administration of spironolactone in patients with cirrhosis and no ascites. ( Akaike, M; Aramaki, T; Katsuta, Y; Komeichi, H; Ohsuga, M; Okumura, H; Satomura, K; Sekiyama, T; Terada, H; Tsutsui, H, 1991)
" The dosage of spironolactone needed to induce a negative sodium balance correlated significantly with plasma aldosterone concentration: r = 0."	1.27	Importance of plasma aldosterone concentration on the natriuretic effect of spironolactone in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. ( Bernardi, M; Gasbarrini, G; Rusticali, AG; Servadei, D; Trevisani, F, 1985)
"Spironolactone appears to increase digoxin levels measured by radioimmunoassay."	1.26	Spironolactone interference with digoxin radioimmunoassay in cirrhotic patients. ( Bustrack, JA; Cote, JR; DiPiro, CR; DiPiro, JT, 1980)
"Treatment with spironolactone (200 mg daily for one week in 9 subjects) did not change the steroid binding capacity of human serum."	1.26	[Binding capacity of sex hormone binding globulin and corticosteroid binding globulin in serum of male patients with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. ( Breuer, H; Kaulhausen, H; Lafosse, M; Rohner, HG; Siedek, M, 1980)
" A simple clinical method using the urinary Na/K ratio as a guide to spironolactone dosage is outlined."	1.25	Spironolactone diuresis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. ( Eggert, RC, 1970)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	248 (75.84)	18.7374
1990's	31 (9.48)	18.2507
2000's	21 (6.42)	29.6817
2010's	24 (7.34)	24.3611
2020's	3 (0.92)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Effect of Spironolactone and Vitamin E Versus Vitamin E on Serum Adipocytokines Levels in Patients With Biopsy-proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Phase II Study[NCT01147523]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
High-Dose Aldactone for Treatment of Diuretic Resistant Heart Failure[NCT02429388]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Principal Investigator left institution prior to subjects being enrolled)
Study for the Prevention of Ascites (SPA): Comparison of Fixed Doses of SR121463B Versus Placebo in the Reduction of Recurrence of Cirrhotic Ascites[NCT00501384]	Phase 2	151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites Management: A Randomized Un-Blinded Pilot Study[NCT02975726]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Phase 4 Study on the Comparison Between Combined Versus Sequential Diuretic Treatment of Moderate Ascites in Nonazotemic Patients With Cirrhosis[NCT00741663]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Potential Role of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ascites in Cirrhotic Patients[NCT05999773]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-07-15	Recruiting
The Effects of Clonidine on the Diuretic Response in Cirrhotic Patients With Ascites and Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System: a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study.[NCT00356226]		64 participants	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
Comparison of Success Rate and Complication Between Conventional Angiocatheter Versus New Anchoring Device (KARAHOC) Used for Paracentesis in Cirrhotic Patients With Ascites[NCT05578573]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-17	Enrolling by invitation
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Management of ascites in cirrhotic patients. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 2017, Volume: 114, Issue:1 Topics: Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Aquaporin 2; Ascites; Benzazepines; Diuretics; Humans; Ja	2017
Ascites: diagnosis and management. The Medical clinics of North America, 2009, Volume: 93, Issue:4 Topics: Ascites; Ascitic Fluid; Cardiac Output; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Disease Progression; Diuretics; Dru	2009
Sodium retention in heart failure and cirrhosis: potential role of natriuretic doses of mineralocorticoid antagonist? Circulation. Heart failure, 2009, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Heart Failure; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Natriuretic Agents;	2009
Management of refractory ascites. American journal of therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Albumins; Ascites; Clonidine; Diuretics; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Transplantation; Paracentesi	2012
[SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM. PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1963, Oct-15, Volume: 27 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Angiotensins; Blood Transfusion; Capillary Permeability; Diet; Diet Therapy	1963
ALDOSTERONE IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. California medicine, 1964, Volume: 101 Topics: Aldosterone; Blood Volume; Body Weight; Desoxycorticosterone; Dexamethasone; Diuretics; Drug Therapy	1964
Current management of the complications of portal hypertension: variceal bleeding and ascites. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2006, May-09, Volume: 174, Issue:10 Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascites; Collateral Circulation; Diuretics; Endoscopy, Gastrointe	2006
[Intracellular and extracellular proteins binding androgenic hormones. Biochemical properties and clinical significance]. Minerva medica, 1983, Mar-17, Volume: 74, Issue:11 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Androgen-Binding Protein; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrom	1983
Refractory oedema. British journal of hospital medicine, 1980, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Aminophylline; Bumetanide; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Edema, Cardiac; Ethacrynic A	1980
Medical treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology, 1993, Volume: 17 Suppl 2 Topics: Ascites; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Spironolactone	1993
[Hyperaldosteronism, spironolactone and liver cirrhosis]. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Ascites; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Liver Cirrhosis; Renin-Angiotensin System; Spironolactone	1997
Management of the patient with ascites. Postgraduate medicine, 1987, Volume: 82, Issue:5 Topics: Ascites; Bacterial Infections; Bed Rest; Diagnosis, Differential; Diuretics; Furosemide; Humans; Liv	1987
A clinical view of recent advances in ascites. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1986, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Ascites; Ascitic Fluid; Bacterial Infections; Blood Volume; Body Water; Extracellular Space	1986
Significance of hypokalaemia due to diuretics. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1973, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Amiloride; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chlorothiazide; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Extracellular Space; Fu	1973
The rational management of ascites. Progress in liver diseases, 1972, Volume: 4 Topics: Albumins; Aldosterone; Animals; Ascites; Ascitic Fluid; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Dogs; Dr	1972
[Steroid spirolactones--antagonists of mineralocorticoids]. Ceskoslovenska farmacie, 1969, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Ascites; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Desoxycorticosterone; Dogs; Feces	1969
Combinations of diuretics in the treatment of edema. American heart journal, 1970, Volume: 80, Issue:3 Topics: Acetazolamide; Benzothiadiazines; Chlorthalidone; Diuretics; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Glu	1970
Diuretics. II. Clinical considerations. Drugs, 1971, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminophylline; Ascites; Calcium; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbonic Anhydrase I	1971

Article	Year
Comparative study of spironolactone and eplerenone in management of ascites in patients of cirrhosis of liver. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2020, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Eplerenone; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mi	2020
Effects of combined low-dose spironolactone plus vitamin E vs vitamin E monotherapy on insulin resistance, non-invasive indices of steatosis and fibrosis, and adipokine levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2017, Volume: 19, Issue:12 Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Combined Modality Th	2017
[Influence of non-sodium restricted diet with diuretics on plasma rennin, renal blood flow and in patients with cirrhotic ascites]. Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology, 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Ascites; Chymosin; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Female; Furosemide; Hepatitis B; Humans; Live	2013
High Dose Oral Furosemide with Salt Ingestion in the Treatment of Refractory Ascites of Liver Cirrhosis. Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, 2016, Dec-01, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Ascites; Bilirubin; Creatinine; End	2016
Clinical trial: short-term effects of combination of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, and diuretics on ascites in patients with cirrhosis without hyponatraemia--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Ascites; Body Weight; Diuretics; Double-Blind Metho	2010
Effects of a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, satavaptan, on ascites recurrence after paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology, 2010, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Ascites; Combined Modality Therapy; Creatinine; Diu	2010
Effects of treatment with β-blocker and aldosterone antagonist on central and peripheral haemodynamics and oxygenation in cirrhosis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Blood Pressure; Fema	2011
Nadolol plus spironolactone in the prophylaxis of first variceal bleed in nonascitic cirrhotic patients: A preliminary study. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2003, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Esophageal and Ga	2003
Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. Journal of hepatology, 2003, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Ascites; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Ma	2003
Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. Journal of hepatology, 2003, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Ascites; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Ma	2003
Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. Journal of hepatology, 2003, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Ascites; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Ma	2003
Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. Journal of hepatology, 2003, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Ascites; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Ma	2003
Comparative pilot study of repeated large volume paracentesis vs the combination on clonidine-spironolactone in the treatment of cirrhosis-associated refractory ascites. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 2005, Volume: 29, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Ascites; Clonidine; Diuretics; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination	2005
The effects of treatment with octreotide, diuretics, or both on portal hemodynamics in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2006, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Ascites; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Gastroi	2006
Oral V2 receptor antagonist (RWJ-351647) in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Arginine Vasopressin; Ascite	2006
Effects of clonidine on diuretic response in ascitic patients with cirrhosis and activation of sympathetic nervous system. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2006, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Angiotensins; Ascites; Clonidine; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Heart Ra	2006
Randomized comparative study of efficacy of furosemide versus spironolactone in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. Relationship between the diuretic response and the activity of the renin-aldosterone system. Gastroenterology, 1983, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Ascites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuresis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Furosemide; Humans; L	1983
Comparison of six treatments of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. A clinical trial. Hepato-gastroenterology, 1983, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Amiloride; Ascites; Blood Chemical Analysis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diur	1983
Use of diuretics in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites. Gastroenterology, 1983, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Ascites; Bumetanide; Diuresis; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Furosemide; Humans; Kidn	1983
Diuresis in the ascitic patient: a randomized controlled trial of three regimens. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1981, Volume: 3 Suppl 1 Topics: Ascites; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Hepat	1981
Indirect evidence to suggest that prolactin induces salt retention in cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology, 1994, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Incidence; Kidney; Liver; Liver Cirrhos	1994
Renal sodium handling and neurohumoral systems in patients with cirrhosis in sitting posture: effects of spironolactone and water immersion. The Clinical investigator, 1993, Volume: 71, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Hemodynamics; Humans; Immersion; Kidney Tubules; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged;	1993
Liver cirrhosis with ascites: pathogenesis of resistance to diuretics and long-term efficacy and safety of torasemide. Cardiology, 1994, Volume: 84 Suppl 2 Topics: Ascites; Diuretics; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Hum	1994
A dose-response study of orally administered torsemide in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ascites; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Diuretics; Dose-Respons	1994
Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis: a long-term, double-blind, randomized clinical study. The Clinical investigator, 1993, Volume: 71, Issue:7 Topics: Ascites; Diuretics; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrho	1993
Non-invasive variceal pressure measurements: validation and clinical implications. Verhandelingen - Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van Belgie, 1996, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure Determination; Double-Blind Method; Esophageal	1996
Chronic splanchnic hemodynamic effects of low-dose transdermal nitroglycerin versus low-dose transdermal nitroglycerin plus spironolactone in patients with cirrhosis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1997, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Esopha	1997
Diuretic requirements after therapeutic paracentesis in non-azotemic patients with cirrhosis. A randomized double-blind trial of spironolactone versus placebo. Journal of hepatology, 1997, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Aldosterone; Ascites; Combined Modality Therapy; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double	1997
Therapeutic effects of diuretics and paracentesis on lung function in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis and tense ascites. Journal of hepatology, 1997, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Ascites; Diuretics; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Paracentesis	1997
Chronic splanchnic hemodynamic effects of spironolactone with unrestricted sodium diet in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 1998, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Diuretics; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; P	1998
Comparison between theophylline and spironolactone in the management of cirrhotic ascites: a randomized controlled study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Ascites; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Mineralocorticoid Rece	1998
Treatment of mastalgia with tamoxifen in male patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized crossover study. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 95, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Breast; Cross-Over Studies; Estradiol; Estrogen Antagonists; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Fu	2000
An optimal diuretic regimen for cirrhotic ascites. A controlled trial evaluating safety and efficacy of spironolactone and furosemide. JAMA, 1977, Mar-07, Volume: 237, Issue:10 Topics: Ascites; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Furosemide; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Plas	1977
Metolazone and spironolactone in cirrhosis and the nephrotic syndrome. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1977, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Cell Count; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Chlorides; Clinical Trial	1977
[Depletive treatment of uncompensated liver cirrhosis with high doses of spirolactone only]. Minerva medica, 1977, Feb-11, Volume: 68, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bilirubin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged	1977
[Clinical evaluation of the use of diuretics in the ascitic phase of hepatic cirrhosis]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1977, Dec-31, Volume: 83, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Amiloride; Ascites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Drug Evaluation	1977
[Use of demeclotetracycline in the treatment of hyponatremia in cirrhotic ascitis]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1977, Jan-15, Volume: 6, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Demeclocycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Fe	1977
Large volume paracentesis and intravenous dextran to treat tense ascites. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Ascites; Combined Modality Therapy; Dextrans; Drainage; Drug Administration Schedule; Female;	1992
[Treatment of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis without neither hyponatremia nor renal insufficiency. Results of a randomized study comparing diuretics and punctures compensated by albumin]. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 1992, Volume: 16, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Albumins; Ascites; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; H	1992
Prediction of diuretic mobilization of cirrhotic ascites by pretreatment fractional sodium excretion. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1990, Jun-05, Volume: 68, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Creatinine; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Glomerul	1990
Canrenone and androgen receptor-active materials in plasma of cirrhotic patients during long-term K-canrenoate or spironolactone therapy. Digestion, 1989, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Canrenoic Acid; Canrenone; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-B	1989
Paracentesis versus diuretics in the treatment of cirrhotics with tense ascites. Lancet (London, England), 1985, Mar-16, Volume: 1, Issue:8429 Topics: Ascites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Furosemide; Humans; Liver C	1985
Gynaecomastia after spironolactone and potassium canrenoate. Lancet (London, England), 1986, Mar-15, Volume: 1, Issue:8481 Topics: Ascites; Canrenoic Acid; Gynecomastia; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Pregnadienes; Prospective Stud	1986
[Diuretic effects of ibopamine and its action on splanchnic hemodynamics]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1987, Jun-30, Volume: 121, Issue:6 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Deoxyepinephrine; Diuretics; Dopamine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans	1987
Comparative clinical study of spironolactone and potassium canrenoate. A randomized evaluation with double cross-over. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1988, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Aldosterone; Canrenoic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperald	1988
Bumetanide, spironolactone and a combination of the two, in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease. A prospective, controlled, randomized trial. Digestion, 1988, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ascites; Bumetanide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Double-Blind	1988
The use of diuretics in preventing ascites recurrence. The British journal of clinical practice, 1988, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Canrenoic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged;	1988
Comparison of paracentesis and diuretics in the treatment of cirrhotics with tense ascites. Results of a randomized study. Gastroenterology, 1987, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Albumins; Ascites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Drainage; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Furosem	1987
[Controlled study of the effect of long-term administration of canrenoate potassium in cirrhotic ascites]. Minerva medica, 1986, Jan-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3-4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascites; Canrenoic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Gynecomasti	1986
Spironolactone and frusemide in cirrhosis with ascites. The British journal of clinical practice, 1973, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuresis; Drug Synergism; Female; Furosemi	1973
Comparative efficacy of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (separately and in combination) in cirrhotic edema. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1967, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Ascites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Synergism; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Liver Cirrhosis; Spi	1967
High doses of spironolactone (Aldactone, SC-14266, Verospirone) alone and in combination with triamterene and-or diuretics in the treatment of refractory edema associated with secondary hyperaldosteronism. Endokrinologie, 1970, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopamide; Creatinine; Diet, Sodium-R	1970
Therapy with combinations of diuretic agents: comparative studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1966, Nov-22, Volume: 139, Issue:2 Topics: Acetazolamide; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Synergism; Furosemide; Hu	1966
Amiloride (MK-870), a new antikaluretic diuretic. Comparison to other antikaluretic diuretics in patients with liver disease and ascites. Gastroenterology, 1970, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Amidines; Ascites; Autopsy; Carcinoma; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Humans; Hy	1970
Comparative studies on the diuretic and biochemical effects of prednisone and spironolactone in hepatic cirrhosis. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1966, Volume: 179, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood; Blood Volume; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Kidney Papillary Necrosis; Liver Cirrhos	1966

spironolactone and Cirrhosis, Liver

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (327)

Authors

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Serrano-Morillas, N	1
González-Alayón, C	1
Vastola-Mascolo, A	1
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, AE	1
Hernández, G	1
Porrini, E	1
Hernández-Guerra, M	1
Alvarez de la Rosa, D	1
Atsukawa, M	1
Tsubota, A	1
Takaguchi, K	1
Toyoda, H	1
Iwasa, M	2
Ikegami, T	1
Chuma, M	1
Nozaki, A	1
Uojima, H	1
Hiraoka, A	1
Fukunishi, S	1
Yokohama, K	1
Tada, T	1
Kato, K	1
Abe, H	1
Tani, J	1
Okubo, H	1
Watanabe, T	1
Hattori, N	1
Tsutsui, A	1
Senoh, T	1
Yoshida, Y	1
Okubo, T	1
Itokawa, N	1
Nakagawa-Iwashita, A	1
Kondo, C	1
Arai, T	1
Michitaka, K	1
Iio, E	1
Kumada, T	1
Tanaka, Y	1
Takei, Y	2
Iwakiri, K	1
Sehgal, R	1
Singh, H	1
Singh, IP	1
Polyzos, SA	1
Kountouras, J	1
Mantzoros, CS	1
Polymerou, V	1
Katsinelos, P	1
Gunathilaka, ML	1
Niriella, MA	1
Luke, NV	1
Piyarathna, CL	1
Siriwardena, RC	1
De Silva, AP	1
de Silva, HJ	1
Ishihara, T	1
Kato, M	1
Isoai, A	1
Kobayashi, R	1
Torii, N	1
Soneda, N	1
Zhu, YF	1
Gu, XB	1
Zhu, HY	1
Yang, XJ	1
Wang, D	1
Yu, P	1
Saffouri, GB	1
Wittich, CM	1
Queisser, N	1
Happ, K	1
Link, S	1
Jahn, D	1
Zimnol, A	1
Geier, A	1
Schupp, N	1
Celtik, C	1
Durmaz, O	1
Oner, N	1
Yavuz, T	1
Gökce, S	1
Aydogan, A	1
Nisli, K	1
Emiroglu, HH	1
Ömeroglu, RE	1
Sökücü, S	1
Goto, A	1
Terai, S	1
Nakamura, M	1
Matsumoto, M	1
Sakaida, I	1
Pizarro, M	1
Solís, N	1
Quintero, P	1
Barrera, F	1
Cabrera, D	1
Rojas-de Santiago, P	1
Arab, JP	1
Padilla, O	1
Roa, JC	1
Moshage, H	1
Wree, A	1
Inzaugarat, E	1
Feldstein, AE	1
Fardella, CE	1
Baudrand, R	1
Riquelme, A	1
Arrese, M	1
Moret, M	1
Darbellay, P	1
Lebowitz, D	1
Alves, C	1
Sabeh, N	1
Carballo, S	1
Minor, SE	1
Eliacin, I	1
Kashan, S	1
Whisenant, EB	1
Hsu, SJ	1
Wang, SS	2
Huo, TI	1
Lee, FY	2
Huang, HC	1
Chang, CC	1
Hsin, IF	1
Ho, HL	1
Lin, HC	2
Lee, SD	3
Yakar, T	1
Demir, M	1
Dogan, O	1
Parlakgumus, A	1
Ozer, B	1
Serin, E	1
Kurosaki, M	1
Nakanishi, H	1
Izumi, N	1
Hou, W	1
Sanyal, AJ	1
Bansal, S	1
Lindenfeld, J	1
Schrier, RW	2
Ginès, P	8
Wong, F	3
Watson, H	2
Terg, R	2
Bruha, R	1
Zarski, JP	1
Dudley, F	1
Matono, T	1
Koda, M	1
Tokunaga, S	1
Sugihara, T	1
Ueki, M	1
Murawaki, Y	1
Horsmans, Y	1
Angeli, P	2
Gow, P	1
Minini, P	1
Bernardi, M	5
Salerno, F	1
Cazzaniga, M	1
Accordino, S	1
Kalambokis, G	3
Tsianos, EV	3
Zou, YH	1
Liu, X	1
Khlentzos, AM	1
Asadian, P	1
Li, P	1
Thorling, CA	1
Robertson, TA	1
Fletcher, LM	1
Crawford, DH	1
Roberts, MS	1
Singhal, S	1
Baikati, KK	1
Jabbour, II	1
Anand, S	1
Winkler, C	1
Hobolth, L	1
Krag, A	1
Bendtsen, F	1
Møller, S	1
Luo, W	1
Meng, Y	2
Ji, HL	1
Pan, CQ	1
Huang, S	1
Yu, CH	1
Xiao, LM	1
Cui, K	1
Ni, SY	1
Zhang, ZS	1
Li, X	2
Alonso, JC	1
Ortega, FJ	1
Gonzalo, MJ	1
Palla, PS	1
Abecasis, R	1
Kravetz, D	1
Fassio, E	1
Ameigeiras, B	1
Garcia, D	1
Isla, R	1
Landeira, G	1
Dominguez, N	1
Romero, G	1
Argonz, J	1
Santos, J	1
Planas, R	5
Pardo, A	2
Durández, R	1
Cabré, E	1
Morillas, RM	1
Granada, ML	1
Jiménez, JA	1
Quintero, E	3
Gassull, MA	1
Abbas, Z	1
Mumtaz, K	1
Salam, A	1
Jafri, W	1
KERR, DN	1
READ, AE	1
HASLAM, RM	1
SHERLOCK, S	4
ETIENNE-MARTIN, P	1
KLEPPING, C	1
GUERRIN, J	1
FLANDRIN, P	1
GROULADE, J	1
HOLLARD, D	1
RACHAIL, M	1
GIRARD, M	4
BEL, A	1
GUILLERMET, J	1
MICHEL, J	1
BOTHIER, F	1
DE FILIPPIS, V	1
MARSICO, F	1
PEDICINI, S	1
MULLER, B	2
EMIN, R	1
BONCOMPAIN, J	1
OGDEN, DA	1
SCHERR, L	1
SPRITZ, N	1
RUBIN, AL	1
LEVRAT, M	1
BRETTE, R	2
FRANCOIS, B	1
TISSOT, A	1
MESTRALLET, G	2
LOCKWOOD, CH	1
VACHON, A	1
BESSET, C	1
ARCADIO, F	1
JOUD, R	1
JUSTIN-BESANCON, L	2
LAROCHE, C	2
NENNA, A	2
ETIENNE, JP	3
CREMER, G	2
EILERSEN, P	1
HEMPEL-JORGENSEN, P	1
VELASCO, M	2
KATZ, R	2
KATZ, E	1
GARCIA, H	1
GAZMURI, R	2
VESIN, P	8
CATTAN, R	3
ALBAHARY, C	1
POMMEY, B	1
BONINI, A	1
van DOMMELEN, C	1
LE POOLE, A	1
VAANDRAGER, H	1
SCHOPMAN, W	1
WADMAN, SK	1
NEUMAYR, A	1
THUMB, N	1
TRETENHAHN, W	1
HSIEN, L	1
MIN-KUEI, T	1
CHIA-SHUN, C	1
CH'UNG-CHU, L	1
CHUN, Y	1
SHIH-YAO, L	1
FU-YUAN, F	1
SUNG-TS'E, L	1
JICK, H	2
MORRISON, RS	1
MOORE, EW	1
CHALMERS, TC	1
RUNCAN, V	1
RACOVEANU, C	1
GEIB, R	1
POPESCU, T	1
STEIGMANN, F	3
SISON, A	1
DUBIN, A	2
TOH, CC	1
KHOO, OT	1
SHALDON, S	2
RYDER, JA	1
GARSENSTEIN, M	1
VAN CAUWENBERGE, H	1
LEFEBVRE, P	1
DE MARTINIS, C	2
PUPITA, F	2
MENSA, R	1
RIVERA, A	1
SEPULVEDA, B	1
LANDA, L	2
CHAGOYA, L	1
HOWARD, MM	1
LEEVY, CM	1
BRUNNER, E	2
ELMAHALLAWI, MN	1
SAYED, WA	1
EZZAT, E	1
CARPENTER, CJ	1
MITRA, P	1
LINTRUP, J	2
FRIIS, T	2
NISSEN, NI	2
SHAH, MJ	2
KHOKHANI, RC	2
VAIDYA, AB	1
SHETH, UK	2
KUECHEL, O	2
HORKY, K	2
JIRANKOVA, J	1
KAPITOLA, J	1
STERNBERG, MS	1
HAGEDORN, CW	1
KALSER, MH	1
STEINBECK, AW	1
PEREZ, V	1
PICCALUGA, A	1
ALVAREZ, A	1
LEW, V	1
RATTI, J	1
COMOLI, G	1
GHIRINGHELLI, L	1
MADULI, S	1
GEFFROY, Y	1
DESHAYES, P	1
FABLET, J	1
CAYRON, G	1
DEMARTINIS, C	1
FONZO, D	1
KNEZEVIC, S	1
HAHN, A	1
CACHIN, M	1
LEVY, C	1
VARAY, A	2
BERTHELOT, J	1
BLONDON, J	1
BLERY, M	1
DUBRISAY, J	1
SCHNEIDER, JJ	1
BOIFFIN, A	1
MAHOUDEAU, D	1
ALBEAUX-FERNET, M	1
ROMANI, JD	1
EVEN, P	1
NICOLLO, F	1
BENHAMOU, JP	1
FAUVERT, R	1
CONTE, M	3
FOUET, P	1
JACOBS, C	1
DIGE-PETERSEN, H	1
DUPUY, R	1
VALLIN, J	1
BOUTELLIER, D	1
LODS, JC	1
MINICONI, P	3
BOURREILLE, J	1
CARAYON, P	1
SALA, G	1
D AMICO, G	1
VITERTARI, L	1
CASTELLUCCIO, A	1
POLLI, E	2
RUYTERS, L	1
ALVAREZ, S	1
TRIANTAFILIDES, T	1
KISSEL, P	1
DUREUX, JB	1
SCHMITT, J	1
BROWN, JJ	1
DAVIES, DL	1
LEVER, AF	1
ROBERTSON, JI	1
GILSANZ, V	1
BARRIO, E	1
CEBRIAN, L	1
ESTELLA, J	1
GARCIA RAMOSARRIAGA, J	1
FRAISSE, H	2
ETAIX, JP	2
PLAUCHU, M	1
RONDELET, J	1
WARTER, J	1
SCHIRARDIN, H	1
METAIS, P	1
DITTRICH, H	1
SEIFERT, E	1
BAGROS, P	1
TRAVERSO, H	3
HERBEUVAL, R	1
CUNY, G	1
GUERICI, O	1
BARBIER, JM	1
JANDEAUX, M	1
KATO, E	1
OSAWA, S	1
WAKASUGI, A	1
KIRIU, Y	1
ATO, T	1
MITSUNO, K	1
ITAZU, Y	1
HIERHOLZER, K	2
HOFFMEISTER, W	1
VOLWILER, W	1
BORRELLI, PL	1
CAIRELLA, M	1
DEMARTIIS, M	1
LAMACHE, A	1
HUGUENIN, A	1
VIVIEN, P	1
RICHIER, JL	1
MENDELL, P	1
ROBIN, J	1
DANRIGAL, A	1
LEBLAY, R	1
GUERIN, D	1
LONGO, T	1
FORTI, D	1
VAIDYA, A	1
CEREDA, UG	1
FRANZINI, P	1
STOKES, W	1
ROBERTI, A	2
VIGUIE, R	1
GOLINELLI, G	1
MELLI, A	1
MELLONI, GF	1
BARATTA, C	1
MARANGONI, R	1
MERLO, L	1
ANTOGNETTI, R	1
PAZOUREK, M	1
BIGLIERI, EG	1
SLATON, PE	1
CHAPIS, NJ	1
BARTOS, V	1
KVASNICKA, J	1
GROH, J	1
ERBEN, J	1
MOULINIER, B	1
TETE, R	1
COTTON, J	1
GINSBERG, DJ	1
SAAD, A	1
GABUZDA, GJ	1
MAHER, JF	1
SCHREINER, GE	1
RISSEL, E	1
LEPPLA, W	1
TIEFENSEE, H	1
OFSTAD, J	1
SIGSTAD, H	1
PAGET, M	1
LANGERON, L	1
CROCCEL, L	1
ROUTIER, G	1
CROCCEL, E	1
PROTIN, M	1
Yao, JF	1
Yao, XX	1
Fang, HM	1
Cui, DL	1
Bai, WY	1
Economou, M	2
Fotopoulos, A	1
Bokharhii, JA	1
Katsaraki, A	1
Awasthi, AK	1
Cramp, ME	1
Lenaerts, A	3
Codden, T	3
Henry, JP	3
Legros, F	1
Ligny, G	3
Kosta, P	1
Papadimitriou, K	1
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Oberti, F	1
Calès, P	1
Thuluvath, PJ	1
Maheshwari, A	1
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Steare, S	1
Korula, J	1
Meunier, JC	2
Mimidis, K	1
Papadopoulos, V	1
Kartalis, G	1
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Jain, P	1
Giannarelli, C	1
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Carmassi, F	1
Gómez Mont, F	1
Ramírez, C	1
Perches, A	1
Dorner, M	2
Frey, G	2
Castel, A	1
Rain, JD	1
Seller, RH	1
Ramirez, O	1
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Gagnon, O	1
Gertman, PM	1
Iber, FL	1
Bufalari, A	1
Meloni, G	1
Pérez-Ayuso, RM	1
Arroyo, V	8
Gaya, J	1
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Rimola, A	3
Rivera, F	2
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Gauthier, A	1
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Trevisani, F	3
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Gasbarrini, G	2
Boyer, TD	1
Warnock, DG	1
Davies, IB	1
Lightman, SL	1
Fogel, MR	1
Sawhney, VK	1
Neal, EA	1
Miller, RG	1
Knauer, CM	1
Gregory, PB	1
Radó, JP	8
Molnár, Z	1
Hartai, A	1
Gercsák, G	1
Santini, C	1
Pini, P	1
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Rohner, HG	1
Siedek, M	1
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Breuer, H	1
DiPiro, JT	1
Cote, JR	1
DiPiro, CR	1
Bustrack, JA	1
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Fuchshofen, M	1
Richter, E	1
Cooksley, WG	1
Powell, LW	1
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Cabrera, J	3
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Knauf, H	2
Mutschler, E	2
Applefeld, JJ	1
Kasmer, RJ	1
Hak, LJ	1
Dukes, GE	1
Wermeling, DP	1
McClain, CJ	1
García-Pagán, JC	1
Salmerón, JM	1
Feu, F	1
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Pizzaferri, P	1
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Mountokalakis, TD	1
Katsuta, Y	2
Aramaki, T	2
Sekiyama, T	2
Satomura, K	2
Okumura, H	2
Okumura K [corrected to Okumura, H]	1
Nevens, F	1
Sugano, S	3
Suzuki, T	2
Nishio, M	2
Makino, H	2
Okajima, T	2
Fernández-Esparrach, G	1
Guevara, M	2
Sort, P	2
Jiménez, W	2
Lebrec, D	1
Geuvel, A	1
Elewaut, A	1
Adler, M	1
Chang, SC	1
Chang, HI	1
Chen, FJ	1
Shiao, GM	1
Kawafune, T	1
Ishii, K	1
Watanabe, M	1
Takamura, N	1
Stanley, AJ	1
Forrest, EH	1
Dabos, KJ	1
MacGilchrist, AJ	1
Hayes, PC	1
Li, CP	1
Hwang, SJ	1
Chang, FY	1
Kuo, BI	1
Chu, CJ	1
Yang, X	1
Wu, P	1
Li, S	1
Lai, W	1
Van Cauter, J	1
Lööf, L	1
Prytz, H	1
Söderlund, C	1
Wallerstedt, S	1
Wilkinson, SP	3
Wheeler, PG	2
Smith, IK	1
Williams, R	3
Feher, T	2
Varadi, A	2
Tanko, A	1
Mihas, AA	1
Gibson, RG	1
Burnham, CE	1
Hirschowitz, BI	1
Yamashita, K	1
Nakano, K	1
Okano, K	1
Fuller, RK	1
Khambatta, PB	1
Gobezie, GC	1
Lang, GR	1
Westenfelder, C	1
Nascimento, L	1
Dhupelia, VB	1
Arruda, JA	1
Kane, RE	1
Zotti, S	1
Dagnini, G	1
Abrahamsohn, C	1
de Nadai Frank, A	1
Sandri, R	1
Castagnolo, B	1
De Colibus, V	1
Napolitano, L	1
Aliperta, A	1
Caldarelli, G	1
Abignente, F	1
Delavelle, F	1
Becchio, J	1
Fries, D	1
Nierenberg, DW	1
Schober, O	1
Mariss, P	1
Schmidt, FW	2
Hundeshagen, H	1
Albert, JP	1
Wronski, R	1
Jentzen, F	1
Hartmann, F	1
Marra, N	1
Micheli, E	1
Spagnolo, G	1
Genes, SG	1
Bodrogi, L	1
Koref, O	1
Bossone, CM	1
Imler, M	1
Schlienger, JL	1
Smith, T	1
Golindano, C	2
Alam, AN	2
Edmonds, CJ	2
Wheeler, P	1
Poston, L	1
Williamss, R	1
Gorbach, HC	1
Bräuninger, HJ	1
Abshagen, U	1
Rennekamp, H	1
Luszpinski, G	1
Loginov, AS	2
Vetter, H	1
Vetter, W	1
Beckerhoff, R	1
Glänzer, K	1
Furrer, J	1
Hahn, C	1
Kolloch, R	1
Krück, F	1
Kutz, K	1
Siegenthaler, W	1
Witassek, F	1
Sawinsky, I	2
Juhos, E	3
Epstein, M	1
Pins, DS	1
Schneider, N	1
Levinson, R	1
Müting, D	1
Fischer, R	1
Ordnung, W	1
van Vliet, AA	1
Hackeng, WH	1
Donker, AJ	1
Meuwissen, SG	1
Acharya, SK	1
Balwinder, S	1
Padhee, AK	1
Nijhawan, S	1
Tandon, BN	1
Hagège, H	1
Ink, O	1
Ducreux, M	1
Pelletier, G	1
Buffet, C	1
Runyon, BA	1
Antillon, MR	1
McHutchison, JG	1
Sungaila, I	1
Bartle, WR	1
Walker, SE	1
DeAngelis, C	1
Uetrecht, J	1
Pappas, C	1
Vidins, E	1
Potter, C	1
Willis, D	1
Sharp, HL	1
Scharzenberg, SJ	1
Yersin, B	1
Gatta, A	1
Caregaro, L	1
Menon, F	1
Sacerdoti, D	1
Merkel, C	1
Parikh, SS	1
Amarapurkar, DN	1
Viswanath, N	1
Desai, HG	1
Kalro, RH	1
Bou-Abboud, CF	1
Nemec, F	1
Toffel, F	1
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Tsutsui, H	1
Gentilini, P	1
Orlando, R	1
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Wenk, E	1
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Goerg, KJ	1
Gerok, W	1
Leser, HG	1
Brunkhorst, R	1
Wrenger, E	1
Kühn, K	1
Koch, K	1
Andriulli, A	2
Arrigoni, A	2
Gindro, T	2
Karbowiak, I	1
Buzzetti, G	1
Armanini, D	1
Viver, J	2
Bellati, G	1
Idéo, G	1
Overdiek, JW	1
Merkus, FW	1
Scardaccio, V	1
Soggia, G	1
Vargiu, G	1
Poddighe, P	1
Manca, A	1
Serra, G	1
Sanna, M	1
Satta, A	1
Faedda, R	1
Bartoli, E	1
Emili, M	1
Cuppone, R	1
Ricci, GL	1
Sarin, SK	1
Sachdev, G	1
Mishra, SP	1
Sundaram, KR	1
Shrivastwa, A	1
Talukdar, V	1
Broor, SL	1
Khvorostinka, VN	1
Teslenko, VG	1
Khvisiuk, SS	1
Kosenko, NP	1
Borisenko, GV	1
Verme, G	1
Panos, M	1
Camps, J	1
Bruckstein, AH	1
Medina, JF	1
Prieto, J	1
Guarner, F	1
Quiroga, J	1
Milazzo, A	1
Traina, M	1
Vizzini, GB	1
Kandel, G	1
Diamant, NE	1
Badalamenti, S	1
Ventrella, F	1
Baldassarre, G	1
Vinciguerra, V	1
Spital, A	1
Rusticali, AG	1
Klein, CP	1
Jaffe, R	1
Senewiratne, B	3
Scott, A	2
Walker, JG	2
Richards, P	1
Stahl, J	2
Jahn, H	2
Réville, P	2
Kurtz, T	2
Kuntzmann, F	2
Borbély, L	1
Takó, J	5
Bános, C	1
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Liguory, C	1
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Carey, RM	1
Wooster, LD	1
Hook, EW	1
Havard, CW	1
Aronoff, A	1
Nayarai, I	1
Gold, H	1
Golfinos, AJ	1
Mehta, D	1
Messeloff, CR	1
Zahm, W	1
Leemhuis, MP	1
Struyvenberg, A	1
Conn, HO	1
Sadikali, F	1
Kommerell, B	2
Felder, KD	1
Brunswig, D	1
Schwarzbach, W	1
Bunzl, W	1
Greenblatt, DJ	1
Koch-Weser, J	1
Isdale, JM	1
Thomson, PD	1
Katz, S	1
Szám, I	1
Vass, A	1
Hegedüs-Wein, I	1
Kalbian, VV	1
Escartin Marín, P	1
Arenas Mirave, I	1
Alvarez Bustos, G	1
Arenas de Pablo, A	1
García Plaza, A	1
Sadée, W	1
Schröder, R	1
von Leitner, E	1
Dagcioglu, M	1
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Munshi, CP	1
Sawkar, LA	1
Vaidya, PM	1
Gulati, OD	1
Linèt, O	1
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Marosi, J	4
Anderton, JL	1
Kincaid-Smith, P	1
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Papadoyanakis, N	1
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Gãbor, G	1
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Rausch, J	1
Gulyãs, A	1
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Savoye, B	1
Gayet, C	1
Dürr, F	1
Kaufmann, W	1
Horbach, L	1
Michaelis, J	1
Neuhaus, GA	1
Praetorius, F	1
Köhler, JA	1
Cohen, MI	1
McNamara, H	1
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Eggert, RC	1
Yamada, S	1
Reynolds, TB	2
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Davis, DA	1
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Berezov, VM	1
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Radó, J	1
Zinkevich, SV	1
Păunescu-Podanu, A	1
Demirian, H	1
Ionitã, C	1
Georgescu, D	1
Tarachiu, A	1
Anghel, R	1
Rubingher, L	1
Vancura, P	1
Robert, M	1
Portmann, B	1
Andrieu, J	1
Lesueur, G	1
Mejicano, R	1
Weinreich, J	1
Ledingham, JG	1
Bayliss, RI	1
Pasquier, J	1
Olivier, L	1
Panzram, G	1
Kautzsch, G	1
Tolot, F	1
Dechavannes, M	1
Fiere, D	1
Lieberman, FL	1
David, D	1
Fu, FY	1
T'ang, MK	1
Cheng, CS	1
Liu, H	1
Lu, ST	1
Colucci, CF	1
Wallnöfer, H	1
Hanusch, M	1
Arroyo, JL	1
Bueno, J	1
Rivero, A	1
Lucas, I	1
Ortiz de Landazuri, E	1