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sorbitol and Brain Edema

sorbitol has been researched along with Brain Edema in 60 studies

D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).

Brain Edema: Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Due to its longer efficacy, glycerol provides an important supplement or alternative to sorbitol therapy, especially as the permitted maximum dosage would have to have been exceeded in a treatment consisting exclusively of sorbitol."5.27[Intracranial pressure-controlled treatment of brain edema with glycerin and sorbitol in intracerebral hemorrhage]. ( Brenner, M; Haass, A; Hamann, G; Harms, M; Kloss, R; Schimrigk, K, 1987)
"In seven patients with chronic renal failure in an advanced stage 17 episodes of upper abdominal pain, hypertension, vomiting and (in some of them) coma occurred during peritoneal dialysis with sorbitol-containing dialysate."3.65[Severe side-effects during peritoneal dialysis caused by sorbitol-containing dialysate (author's transl)]. ( Doht, B; Fernandez-Redo, E; Kubosch, J; Leititis, U; Mietzsch, G; Quellhorst, E; Scheler, F; Thorwirt, V; Volles, E, 1975)
"Volume overload may cause pulmonary edema, and water intoxication may lead to hyponatremia, hypo-osmolarity, and cerebral edema."2.38Complications associated with the absorption of hysteroscopic fluid media. ( Burns, WN; Olive, DL; Schenken, RS; Silverberg, KM; Witz, CA, 1993)
"The treatment of cerebral edema has changed during recent years."2.37[Current status of treatment of the cerebral edema]. ( Richling, B, 1987)
" Due to its longer efficacy, glycerol provides an important supplement or alternative to sorbitol therapy, especially as the permitted maximum dosage would have to have been exceeded in a treatment consisting exclusively of sorbitol."1.27[Intracranial pressure-controlled treatment of brain edema with glycerin and sorbitol in intracerebral hemorrhage]. ( Brenner, M; Haass, A; Hamann, G; Harms, M; Kloss, R; Schimrigk, K, 1987)
"The treatment of cerebral edema must be directed towards improving the volume regulation of the brain cell which is disturbed due to reduced blood flow and hypoxia and towards restoring the disturbed function of the blood-brain barrier."1.25[Osmo-oncotherapy in brain edema]. ( Gofferje, H; Landgraf, H; Schultis, K; von Schwerin, W, 1975)
"To investigate the pathophysiology of cerebral edema occurring during treatment of diabetic coma, the effects of hyperglycemia and rapid lowering of plasma glucose were evaluated in normal rabbits."1.25Studies on mechanisms of cerebral edema in diabetic comas. Effects of hyperglycemia and rapid lowering of plasma glucose in normal rabbits. ( Arieff, AI; Kleeman, CR, 1973)

Research

Studies (60)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199055 (91.67)18.7374
1990's5 (8.33)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
STRUCK, G2
UMBACH, W2
FRIED, H1
Tzonos, T1
Schmidt, K3
Eife, R1
Bökenkamp, H1
Bremer, AM1
Yamada, K1
West, CR1
Spring, A1
Herrmann, F2
Gaab, M3
Pflughaupt, KW2
Gruss, P2
Garcia, JH1
Conger, KA1
Morawetz, R1
Halsey, JH1
Witz, CA1
Silverberg, KM1
Burns, WN1
Schenken, RS1
Olive, DL1
Stoll, M1
Hagen, T1
Bartylla, K1
Weber, M1
Jost, V1
Treib, J1
Schwartz, ML1
Dudziński, W1
Knoblich, OE2
Schupp, J2
Fuhrmeister, U2
Merrem, B1
Niebeling, HG1
Konovalov, AN1
Manevitsch, AS1
Sirovski, EB1
Dietrich, K1
Fuchs, EC1
Müller-Busch, HC1
Goblet, W1
Quellhorst, E1
Mietzsch, G1
Doht, B1
Fernandez-Redo, E1
Kubosch, J1
Leititis, U1
Volles, E1
Thorwirt, V1
Scheler, F1
Diemath, HE1
Gofferje, H1
Landgraf, H1
von Schwerin, W1
Schultis, K1
Nisch, G1
Gaab, MR1
Seegers, K1
Smedema, RJ1
Heissler, HE1
Goetz, C1
Fritz, W1
Richling, B1
Haass, A1
Kloss, R1
Brenner, M1
Hamann, G1
Harms, M1
Schimrigk, K1
Brachmann, J2
Steinhausen, F1
Goldhahn, WE1
Dietrich, J1
Geikler, M1
Clements, RS4
Prockop, LD4
Winegrad, AI2
Klose, R1
Neundörfer, B1
Peter, K1
Tornow, K1
Hutschenreuter, K1
Racenberg, E1
Dietzel, W1
Gundlach, K1
Wiedemann, K1
Göpel, W1
Eberle, H1
Arieff, AI2
Kleeman, CR2
Metzel, E1
Hu, KH1
Friede, RL1
Thilman, J1
Zeumer, H1
Schädlich, M1
Baethmann, A1
Lanksch, W1
Schmiedek, P1
Winegard, AI2
Thiele, G1
Klimpel, L1
Blumenthal, SA1
Morrison, AD1
Alter, H1
Franke, K1
Paul, B2
Braun, W1
Gutjahr, L1
Hemmer, R1
Grossberger, D1
Weller, D1
Berg, U1
Sandmann, F1
Janik, B1
Schulze, R1
Weber, HE1
Roesner, J1
Krasemann, PH1
Steps, HJ1

Reviews

2 reviews available for sorbitol and Brain Edema

ArticleYear
Complications associated with the absorption of hysteroscopic fluid media.
    Fertility and sterility, 1993, Volume: 60, Issue:5

    Topics: Absorption; Anaphylaxis; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Brain Edema; Dextrans; Diuretics; Female; Glyc

1993
[Current status of treatment of the cerebral edema].
    Der Anaesthesist, 1987, Volume: 36, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Barbiturates; Bed Conversion; Brain Edema; Carbon Dioxide; Combined Modalit

1987

Trials

4 trials available for sorbitol and Brain Edema

ArticleYear
[On changes in oxygen transport capacity following osmo- and oncotherapy].
    Der Anaesthesist, 1967, Volume: 16, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Blood Volume; Brain Edema; Craniotomy; Dextrans; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Mathematics;

1967
Changes of cerebral perfusion after osmotherapy in acute cerebral edema assessed with perfusion weighted MRI.
    Neurological research, 1998, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Volume; Brain Edema; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Cere

1998
A comparative analysis of THAM (Tris-buffer) in traumatic brain oedema.
    Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum, 1990, Volume: 51

    Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Body Water; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cold Temp

1990
[Clinical observations of Rheomacrodex and Rheomacrodex with sorbite in cerebrovascular circulation disorders].
    Die Medizinische Welt, 1970, Feb-14, Volume: 7

    Topics: Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dextrans; Female; Humans; Male; Sorbitol

1970

Other Studies

54 other studies available for sorbitol and Brain Edema

ArticleYear
[COMPARATIVE ELECTRONOPTIC STUDIES ON THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX BEFORE AND AFTER EDEMA THERAPY].
    Virchows Archiv fur pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fur klinische Medizin, 1964, Feb-27, Volume: 337

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Cortex; Edema; Electrons; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Micr

1964
[THE ELECTRONOPTIC PICTURE OF BRAIN EDEMA IN THE CORTEX AND MEDULLA OF THE SAME PATIENT BEFORE AND AFTER MEDICAL DEHYDRATION].
    Neurochirurgia, 1964, Volume: 7

    Topics: Brain Edema; Cerebral Cortex; Dehydration; Drug Therapy; Electrons; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; M

1964
[DRUG TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL PRESSURE].
    Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie, 1964, Volume: 16

    Topics: Brain Edema; Drug Therapy; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Pressure; Sorbitol; Urea

1964
[The influence of low-molecular dextran with sorbital and tris-buffer in experimental brain edema after microembolism].
    Acta neurochirurgica, 1967, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Buffers; Cats; Dextrans; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Sorbitol

1967
[On the behavior of the electroencephalogram after osmo-oncotherapy in brain pressure and brain edema].
    Acta neurochirurgica, 1967, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dextrans; E

1967
Ischemic cerebral edema in primates: effects of acetazolamide, phenytoin, sorbitol, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone on brain water and electrolytes.
    Neurosurgery, 1980, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetazolamide; Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Dexamethasone; Haplorhi

1980
[Blood-level changes of lactate and pyruvate after osmotherapy with mannitol and sorbitol (author's transl)].
    Neurochirurgia, 1980, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Humans; Lactates; Mannitol;

1980
[Medical treatment in experimental brain oedema (author's transl)].
    Neurochirurgia, 1981, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Cold Temperature; Dexamethasone; Furosemide; Glycerol; Humans

1981
Postischemic brain edema: quantitation and evolution.
    Advances in neurology, 1980, Volume: 28

    Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Body Fluid Compartments; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral

1980
Distention fluid complication in hysteroscopic surgery.
    The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, 1999, Volume: 6, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Female; Glycine; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hysteroscopy; Mannitol; Monitoring, Int

1999
[Brain edema as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis].
    Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1976, Dec-20, Volume: 31, Issue:51

    Topics: Blood; Blood Viscosity; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Glucose; Hum

1976
Effect of furosemide (lasix) on acute severe experimental cerebral edema.
    Journal of neurology, 1979, May-02, Volume: 220, Issue:3

    Topics: Albumins; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Cats; Dexamethasone; Electroencephalography; Furose

1979
[The influence on water-electrolyte balance through osmotherapy for decreasing intracranial pressure].
    Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 1979, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Brain Edema; Diuretics, Osmotic; Glycerol; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; Sorbitol; Water-

1979
[The effect of pyritinol on human brain circulation].
    Fortschritte der Medizin, 1979, Dec-13, Volume: 97, Issue:47

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dextrans; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Male

1979
[The effect of different types of osmotic or oncotic therapy on intracranial pressure and electrical activity of the brain in experimental brain edema].
    Acta neurochirurgica, 1978, Volume: 40, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Albumins; Animals; Brain Edema; Cats; Central Venous Pressure; Dextrans; Electroencephalography; Gly

1978
[What is achieved by the therapy of brain edema?].
    Der Internist, 1976, Volume: 17, Issue:12

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Barbiturates; Brain Edema; Carbon Dioxide; Diuretics; Glycerol; Humans; Hyp

1976
Monitoring of intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury.
    Neurochirurgia, 1977, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Child; Dexamethasone; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol; S

1977
[Severe side-effects during peritoneal dialysis caused by sorbitol-containing dialysate (author's transl)].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1975, Jun-27, Volume: 100, Issue:26

    Topics: Adult; Brain Edema; Coma; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Midd

1975
[Treatment of traumatic brain edema].
    Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin, 1975, Jul-10, Volume: 51, Issue:19

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexamethasone; Diuret

1975
[Osmo-oncotherapy in brain edema].
    Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung, 1975, Volume: 2, Issue:5

    Topics: Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Fructose; Glucose; Glycerol; Humans; Hyperna

1975
[Prevention of brain edema and dehydrating therapy in acute brain injury].
    Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie, 1975, Volume: 100, Issue:13

    Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Fructose; Glucose; Mannitol; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen; Sorb

1975
[Transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring of osmo-oncotherapy in neurosurgical patients with brain edema].
    Neurochirurgia, 1990, Volume: 33, Issue:6

    Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Brain Diseases; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Criti

1990
[Intracranial pressure-controlled treatment of brain edema with glycerin and sorbitol in intracerebral hemorrhage].
    Der Nervenarzt, 1987, Volume: 58, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Brain Edema; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycerol;

1987
[Optimization of osmotherapy using an intracranial pressure-dependent automatic control system in the postoperative phase following cerebral interventions].
    Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 1987, Volume: 48, Issue:1

    Topics: Brain Edema; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Intracranial Pressure; Postop

1987
[Long-term behavior of ventricular fluid pressure in automatically controlled infusion therapy with sorbitol and relation to clinical and paraclinical parameters].
    Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 1987, Volume: 48, Issue:1

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Intracranial

1987
Acute cerebral oedema during treatment of hyperglycaemia. An experimentsl model.
    Lancet (London, England), 1968, Aug-17, Volume: 2, Issue:7564

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Dogs; Fructose; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Intrac

1968
[Conservative treatment of severe craniocerebral injuries].
    Zeitschrift fur praktische Anasthesie und Wiederbelebung, 1971, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Electroencephalography; Fructose; Humans; Intensive Care Units;

1971
[Problems of anesthesia in brain surgery].
    Zeitschrift fur praktische Anasthesie und Wiederbelebung, 1971, Volume: 6, Issue:6

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Blood Pressure Determination; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cere

1971
[Methods of anesthesia in intracranial surgery].
    Zeitschrift fur praktische Anasthesie und Wiederbelebung, 1971, Volume: 6, Issue:6

    Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Basal Metabolism; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure

1971
[Acute AH 3 intoxication with neurologic focal symptoms and pathological EEG in a 13-year-old child].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1972, Dec-01, Volume: 66, Issue:23

    Topics: Adolescent; Bees; Brain Edema; Electroencephalography; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Hypnotics a

1972
[Intensive care of patients with skull and brain injuries].
    Helvetica chirurgica acta, 1972, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Intensive Ca

1972
Studies on mechanisms of cerebral edema in diabetic comas. Effects of hyperglycemia and rapid lowering of plasma glucose in normal rabbits.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 1973, Volume: 52, Issue:3

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Blood; Blood Glucose; Body Water; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chl

1973
[Urgent diagnostic and therapeutic measures in craniocerebral injuris].
    Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin, 1973, Feb-28, Volume: 49, Issue:6

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Angiography; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Skull Fractures;

1973
Effect of osmolarity of CSF and temperature on the extracellular space of fish brain in vitro.
    Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 1973, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Extracellular Space; Fishes; Osm

1973
Cerebral edema in diabetic comas. II. Effects of hyperosmolality, hyperglycemia and insulin in diabetic rabbits.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1974, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Blood; Body Water; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chloride

1974
[Treatment of cerebral oedema with high doses of furosemide (author's transl)].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Volume: 99, Issue:18

    Topics: Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Diuresis; Electroencephalography; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Inje

1974
[1st aid in life-endangering conditions. Basic problems and therapy].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1974, Feb-15, Volume: 68, Issue:4

    Topics: Asparagine; Brain Edema; Electric Countershock; First Aid; Glucose; Heart Arrest; Heart Massage; Hum

1974
Formation and treatment of cerebral edema.
    Neurochirurgia, 1974, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Dexamethasone; Ethacrynic Ac

1974
A mechanism to explain acute cerebral edema during the treatment of diabetic acidosis.
    Diabetes, 1968, Volume: 17

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain Edema; Carbohydrates; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Dogs; Electrolytes; Fruct

1968
Hyperglycemia, polyol accumulation, and increased intracranial pressure.
    Archives of neurology, 1971, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Edema; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Disease Models, An

1971
[Use of sorbitol solutions in anesthesia and resuscitation].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1970, Apr-15, Volume: 64, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Blood Glucose; Brain Edema; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Glucose; H

1970
Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure during therapy for diabetic acidosis.
    Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1971, Volume: 84

    Topics: Adult; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain Edema; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebros

1971
[Prevention and treatment of brain edema using mannit, sorbit and other diuretics].
    Hefte zur Unfallheilkunde, 1972, Volume: 111

    Topics: Brain Edema; Diuresis; Diuretics; Humans; Mannitol; Sorbitol

1972
[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems following closed craniocerebral injuries].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1971, Jul-15, Volume: 65, Issue:14

    Topics: Blood Pressure; Brain Concussion; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Hemorr

1971
[Lead encephalopathy with intracranial pressure elevation in adults].
    Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 1971, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Calcium; Dextrans; Diagnosis, Differential; Environmental Expos

1971
[Therapy of space-occupying intracranial processes (brain edema, brain tumor) and low cerebrospinal fluid pressure].
    Bibliotheca psychiatrica et neurologica, 1969, Volume: 139

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shun

1969
[Encephalitic brain edema with special regard to therapy].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1970, Volume: 64, Issue:7

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Brain Edema; Dextrans; Electroencephalography;

1970
[Brain diseases and dextrose infusions].
    Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1970, Volume: 118, Issue:6

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Glucose; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Infant; Infusions, Paren

1970
[Diagnosis and therapy of posttraumatic brain edema].
    Die Medizinische Welt, 1971, Mar-20, Volume: 12

    Topics: Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Contusions; Dextrans; Humans; Skull Fractures; Sorbitol

1971
[Modern therapy of brain edema].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1971, Jan-15, Volume: 65, Issue:2

    Topics: Aminophylline; Aspartic Acid; Brain Edema; Buffers; Dextrans; Fructose; Glucose; Humans; Hypertonic

1971
["Rheomacrodex 10 per cent with Sorbit 20 per cent" in acute brain and spinal cord edema].
    Medizinische Klinik, 1967, May-12, Volume: 62, Issue:19

    Topics: Acute Disease; Blood Pressure; Blood Viscosity; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Dextrans; Diuretics; Ed

1967
Polyol metabolism and the development of elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure following sustained hyperglycemia.
    Neurology, 1968, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Brain Edema; Dogs; Fructose; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertonic Solutions

1968
[Urea therapy and hemorrhagic diathesis].
    Medizinische Klinik, 1966, Apr-08, Volume: 61, Issue:14

    Topics: Brain Edema; Calcium; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Int

1966
[On osmotherapy with urea and sorbitol in the ENT specialty].
    HNO, 1966, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Abscess; Brain Edema; Humans; Male; Skull Fractures; Sorbitol; Urea

1966