sodium-pertechnetate-tc-99m and Tuberculosis--Pulmonary

Isoniazid (INH) is the first line anti-tubercular drug that is widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis. (99m)Tc-alginate-INH microsphere scintigraphy has been demonstrated to be a useful noninvasive imaging technique for microsphere deposits located in different organs of the rabbits. The aim of this study was to develop an improved formulation, to validate the formulation for long-time retention, as well as to assess radiotracer stability by novel quality control methods. Our study reports the labeling and evaluation of alginate blends-INH microspheres. The incorporation efficiency of optimized formulation was 89% w/w. The in vitro release study was carried out in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 7.4, and it was found that the formulation delivered the drug for 36 h. The labeling efficiency of (99m)Tc-alginate blends-INH microspheres was seen at various pH (i.e. pH ranging from 5 to 7.5) and different concentration of stannous chloride dehydrate (i.e. 25-200 microg) and it was concluded that 96% labeling efficiency was achieved in case of pH 7.5 and 60 microg stannous chloride. The stability study was carried out in saline and serum and it was found that the complex was highly stable in vitro and in vivo. The blood clearance in rabbits showed bi-exponential pattern depicting that 50% of activity washed out at 2 h with t(1/2(Fast)) was 2.1 h and t(1/2(Slow)) was 12.5 h. Bio-distribution was normal and the experimental mice showed major accumulation of the radiolabeled formulation in liver, intestine, lungs and kidneys, indicating hepatobiliary and renal route of excretion. The distribution of the drugs to the lung was showing its efficiency in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Topics: Alginates; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Stability; Female; Half-Life; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Isoniazid; Male; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microspheres; Rabbits; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Tissue Distribution; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Citrates; Citric Acid; Cyclic AMP; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Gallium; Humans; Joints; Lung; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The initial study reports the characteristic performance using lung segmental phantom filled in Tc-99m-pertechnetate. To evaluate the segmental defect in lung perfusion scintigraphy, we applied Bull's-eye analysis in addition to planar image set. Bull's-eye analysis especially facilitated the interpretation in both middle and lower lobes. Subsequently, to evaluate clinical application of Bull's-eye analysis, pulmonary scintigraphy was performed on 10 normal subjects and 60 patients with several pulmonary diseases. Of interest, Bull's-eye analysis, however, encouraged the interpretation in both lower lobes. To calculate the extension and severity of perfusion defect, the present study describes Bull's-eye analysis. Quantitative scoring showed higher in the patients with lung cancer than in those with pulmonary tuberculosis. The present study focus that Bull's-eye analysis can be useful of evaluation for perfusion in the patients with pulmonary a couple of diseases.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Structural; Pulmonary Circulation; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary