sodium-pertechnetate-tc-99m and Kidney-Diseases

Over the past 10 years new imaging and interventional techniques have drastically changed the ease and scope of urologic diagnosis and treatment. It is both rewarding and exciting to approach each clinical problem with a broad armamentarium of available studies, always seeking the most efficient and direct route to diagnosis. Similarly, radiologic interventional techniques are potentially applicable to a multitude of problems and should be innovatively considered in the urologic patient including patients in the pediatric age group.

Topics: Abscess; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Ileum; Infant; Iodohippuric Acid; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Pentetic Acid; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Succimer; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Ureteral Obstruction; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Diversion; Urologic Diseases; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Non-invasive imaging provides essential information regarding the biodistribution of gene therapy vectors and it can also be used for the development of targeted vectors. In this study, we have utilized micro Single-photon emission computed tomography to visualize biodistribution of a (99m)Tc-polylys-ser-DTPA-biotin-labelled avidin-displaying baculovirus, Baavi, after intrafemoral (i.f.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), intramuscular (i.m.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. The imaging results suggest that the virus can spread via the lymphatic network after different administration routes, also showing accumulation in the nasal area after systemic administration. Extensive expression in the kidneys and spleen was seen after i.p. administration, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, transduction of kidneys was seen with i.m. and i.f. administrations. We conclude that baculovirus may be beneficial for the treatment of kidney diseases after i.p. administration route.

Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Biotin; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Pentetic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Spleen; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Adolescent; Artifacts; Humans; Infant; Kidney Diseases; Male; Radioisotope Renography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Stomach; Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide

Topics: Erythrocytes; Hematuria; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

A simple, noninvasive method for the determination of extraction fraction and renal plasma flow in Tc-99m DTPA studies is presented. This method could be performed in conjunction with the measurement of glomerular filtration rate, providing additional information about renal plasma flow. Graphic analysis of the Patlak plot was employed for the determination of the unidirectional influx rate constant (ku) of Tc-99m DTPA from the blood to the kidney and the initial nonspecific distribution volume (Vn) in the kidney. The first pass extraction fraction was estimated from Ku and Vn, assuming a bolus input to the kidney. The glomerular filtration rate was measured by renal counting corrected for depth and dose. Using the estimated extraction fraction (EF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the renal plasma flow (RPF) was calculated using the formula of RPF = GFR/EF. In a total of 76 kidneys in 38 patients (including 9 patients with normal renal function and without evidence of nephrourologic disease), the value of renal plasma flow showed good correlation with that of effective renal plasma flow measured by renal counting with I-131 orthoiodohippuran. There was a characteristic tendency for the extraction fraction to show a larger value as the renal plasma flow decreased. These results indicate that this method is valid for renal plasma flow estimation and the determinations of extraction fraction and renal plasma flow in Tc-99m DTPA studies is helpful as an adjunct to the measurement of glomerular filtration rate in order to adequately assess the pathophysiologic changes of renal disorders.

Topics: Adult; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Radionuclide Imaging; Renal Circulation; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Topics: Adult; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Radioisotope Renography; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

Standard dynamic renography procedures are used to produce time-activity curves for defined regions of interest around the kidneys. Further analysis of the acquired data using Fitted Retention and Excretion Equations (FREE) to determine single kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney transit time is performed at the Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton. The disadvantage of these methods is that the renal function is assessed for the whole kidney and not on a regional basis. The aim of this study was to use parametric imaging to extend the standard analysis so that the parenchyma could be identified and analysed separately from the collecting system. The parenchyma pixel time-activity curves have shorter time-to-peak (TTP) values than the collecting system. TTP parametric images were used to set limits on the TTP values and thus define the parenchyma pixels. The time-activity curves from the parenchyma were further analysed using FREE to produce parametric images of both GFR and effective blood volume. Finally, the original dynamic data were re-analysed so that time-activity and FREE curves were generated for the parenchyma alone. A study of 15 patients (30 kidneys) showed that the extended analysis indicated parenchymal isotope clearance. By comparing the time-activity and FREE curves of the whole kidney with those from the parenchyma alone, a more useful analysis of parenchymal function was obtained. This proved to be particularly useful for patients with pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction.

Topics: Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Models, Theoretical; Radioisotope Renography; Reference Values; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Radiation Dosage; Radioisotope Renography; Radioisotopes; Renal Circulation; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium

Abnormal localization of 99mTc pertechnetate was detected in the choroid plexus of patients with renal insufficiency despite the administration of potassium perchlorate. This was found in 8 of 21 studies on patients on conservative medical treatment, in 35 of 41 studies in patients on hemodialysis, in 12 of 22 studies in renal transplant recipients, and in 1 of 5 with acute renal insufficiency, but not in any of 33 persons free of renal disease. Abnormal retention of pertechnetate was also observed in the salivary glands of 21 renal patients. The increased localization of 99mTc pertechnetate could not be related to high blood levels of radioactivity, altered protein binding, increased erythrocyte labeling or to impaired gastrointestinal absorption of potassium perchlorate. It is proposed that this finding represents a manifestation of choroid plexus dysfunction resulting in altered handling of anions by this organ. A possible relation to neurological disease in chronic renal insufficiency is suggested.

Topics: Choroid Plexus; Creatinine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Perchlorates; Potassium; Potassium Compounds; Radionuclide Imaging; Renal Dialysis; Salivary Glands; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Thyroid Gland