sodium-pertechnetate-tc-99m and Brain-Diseases

The paper presents the experience of application of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and CT in neurosurgery. Combination of these two techniques in the single system provides higher precision of both methods. The novel technique allows assessment of tumor spread in the brain, differential diagnosis of tumor regrowth and radiation-induced necrosis, evaluation of cerebral perfusion in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and diagnostics of secondary CNS lesions. Examples of primary diagnosis, dynamic follow-up and differential diagnosis of cerebral neoplasms, localization of epileptogenic foci in planning of surgery, prediction of outcome after TBI and evaluation of spread of metastatic skeletal involvement and further application of acquire data are presented.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging; Neurosurgical Procedures; Positron-Emission Tomography; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Shunt function testing by radionuclide injection and shunt pressure measurement was performed in 312 cases. In our experience the test has a sensitivity of 92% and accuracy of 89%. The diagnostic value of the components of the test are discussed. The test is a safe and integral part of the assessment of shunt function. The significance of shunt malfunction must of course be determined by clinical evaluation, measures of ventricular size by CAT scanning or ultrasound, and by continuous ICP recording. However the shunt function test combined with shunt pressure measurement is a safe and essential investigation of symptomatic shunt malfunction.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Aqueduct; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intracranial Pressure; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Death; Brain Diseases; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Time Factors

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Encephalitis; Humans; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Xenon Radioisotopes

The radionuclide brain scans performed on a gamma camera (GC scans) in 146 patients over 65 years of age during a 6-month period are reviewed. Forty-four scans (30.1%) were reported as showing an abnormality. Three patients subsequently underwent surgery and drug therapy was commenced in 11 cases. However, in most cases the GC scan proved unhelpful in the patients' management. The usage and role of GC scanning in elderly patients admitted with a neurological disorder is examined.

Topics: Aged; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Dementia; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; False Negative Reactions; Female; Hematoma, Subdural; Humans; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Patients were referred to the Department of Nuclear Medicine for brain scintigraphy to be screened for possible intracranial pathology. These referrals were made in order to reduce the heavy load on the transmission computerized tomography (TCT) facilities. Great clinical importance, therefore, has been attached to scintigraphic findings; this emphasizes the need for an accurate assessment of the predictive value of this procedure.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pentetic Acid; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; South Africa; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A modern system for single photon emission computerized tomography has been modified in order to optimize examinations of the head. By cutting off part of the detector housing and collimators at one edge, it is possible to rotate the camera close to the skull while still covering the entire brain and the skull base. The minimum radius of revolution used in 32 patients was thereby reduced from about 20 cm to 12.7 +/- 0.8 cm. This, combined with an adjustment of the 64 X 64 matrix to a 26- by 26-cm field of view, resulted in an improvement of the spatial resolution from about 19 mm to 12.6 +/- 0.3 mm with a low-energy, all-purpose collimator, and to 10.4 +/- 0.3 mm (FWHM) with a low-energy, high-resolution collimator. The improved spatial resolution offers several clinical advantages in studies of the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid space, and the skull base.

Topics: Adult; Brain Diseases; Diphosphonates; Facial Bones; Female; Head; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pentetic Acid; Photography; Radionuclide Imaging; Scintillation Counting; Skull; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Technology, Radiologic

The nuclear medical diagnostic procedures listed in this article demonstrate the continual change in the significance of modern and recent techniques. The definition of the current status may be as short-lived as some radioisotopes. The tendencies are determined by aspects of radiological hygiene and the development of new technical procedures and the preference of in-vitro-examinations over in-vivo-diagnostic. On the other hand progress in immunology using labelled antibodies opens new possibilities in diagnosis and therapy. Although these possibilities are still somewhat visionary, they have already been translated into reality by experiment. For examination of thyroids further progress in sonography can be expected. In special problems tests using iodine isotopes with short half-lives and consequently lower radiation exposure will be used. At the moment the combination of technetium scintigram with sonography seems optimal and should if possible applied by the same hand. Scintigraphy of salivary gland and of cerebrospinal fluid have their unquestioned position. Brain scintigraphy has lost its importance but may reappear as an examination method using specially labelled agents for research of cerebral metabolism. The position of bone scintigraphy is similar. Its use is still justified when searching for skeletal changes which may not be seen in classical radiology. The knowledge of disturbance of local osseous metabolical disturbances does not give a specific information on the cause but demonstrates the site of disorder. Contrary its present ranking, important developments are to be expected from tumour scintigraphy. Isotope angiography, isotope lymphography and ventilation scintigraphy are to be employed when special questions arise, especially in fundamental research and for controls of therapeutic concepts.

Topics: Angiography; Bone Diseases; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lymphoscintigraphy; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms; Salivary Gland Diseases; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Thyroid Diseases

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases; Chlormerodrin; Half-Life; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Mercury Radioisotopes; Mice; Radiation Dosage; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Tissue Distribution

Point-by-point calculation of the mean transit time based on gamma fit was used to analyze brain perfusion studies in a vertex view. The algorithm and preliminary results in normal brain and in different stages of cerebral perfusion abnormality (ischemia, stroke, migraine, tumor, abscess) are demonstrated. In contrast to the traditional methods using fixed, a priori defined regions of interest this type of mapping of the relative regional cerebral perfusion shows more clearly the irregular outlines of the disturbance. Right to left activity ratios in the arterial part of the time-activity curves showed significant correlation with the mean transit time ratios (Qt = 1.185 - 0.192 Qa, n = 38, r = 0.716, P less than 0.001).

Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Computers; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Perfusion; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Time Factors

Bone, brain, and gallium scintigrams are presented of a 48-year-old man with biopsy-proven cerebral amyloidosis. Brain scintigraphy revealed a well-circumscribed accumulation of Tc-99m pertechnetate in the amyloidoma. Bone scintigraphy using Tc-99m methylenediphosphonate likewise exhibited increased activity in the same area. Gallium-67 citrate, however, failed to localize within the amyloidoma.

Topics: Amyloidosis; Brain Diseases; Diphosphonates; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Radionuclide Imaging; Skull; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium

Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diphosphonates; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Technetium Compounds

The uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate (TcO4), 99mTc-iron-ascorbic acid (Feasc), 99mTc-Solcocitran (Solcocitran), 99mTc-diphosphonate (HEDP) and 67Ga-citrate (Ga) in various brain lesions was compared. Influence of time from injection was also studied on the first three compounds. A rank correlation method was used to compare the scans which were judged visually by three independent observers. There was good agreement between the observers, as measured by Kendall's tau, but the concordance between rankings within the same type of lesion, as measured by Kendall's W, was rather poor. There was no significant difference in the uptake of TcO4, Feasc and Solcocitran. Ga showed generally poor uptake and its uptake in tumours and infarcts did not differ significantly. However, when HEDP and TcO4 were compared in two groups (I: Infarcts, haemorrhages and bone invading meningiomas, and II: Tumours not invaded into bone) a highly significant difference was obtained with much higher uptake of HEDP in Group I.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Citrates; Diphosphonates; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Organotechnetium Compounds; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Technetium Compounds

Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain Diseases; Child; Choroid Plexus; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Rats; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Topics: Brain; Brain Abscess; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Glioblastoma; Humans; Meningioma; Organotechnetium Compounds; Pentetic Acid; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Sugar Acids; Technetium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds and Injuries