sodium-oxybate and Syndrome

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of chronic widespread pain, representing sensitization of the central nervous system. The pthophysiology of fibromyalgia is a complex and remains in evolution, encompassing diverse issues such as disturbed patterns of sleep, alter processing and decreased conditioned pain modulation at the spinal level, as well as increased connectivity between various pain - processing areas of the brain. This evolution is continuously uncovering potential novel therapeutic targets. Treatment of fibromyalgia is a multi - faceted endeavor, inevitably combining pharmacological as well as non - pharmacological approaches. 2δ ligands and selective nor-epinephrine - serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the current mainstays of pharmacological treatment. Novel re-uptake inhibitors targeting both nor -epinephrine and dopamine are potential additions to this armamentarium as are substance P antagonists, Opiod antagonism is another intriguing possibility. Canabinoid agonists hold promise in the treatment of fibromyalgia although current evidence is incomplete. Sodium Oxybate is a unique sleep - promoting medication while drugs those promot arousals such as modafilnil are also under investigation. In the current review, current and emerging therapeutic options for the syndrome of fibromyalgia are covered.

Topics: Central Nervous System Agents; Chronic Pain; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Sleep; Sodium Oxybate; Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Electroencephalography; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Hypothalamus; Male; Middle Aged; Plethysmography, Impedance; Sodium Oxybate; Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Depersonalization; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Middle Aged; Neurasthenia; Neurotic Disorders; Oxazepam; Placebos; Sodium Oxybate; Syndrome

Treatment of posthypoxic myoclonus (PHM) can be a challenge in patients not responsive to first-line medications. PMH is a rare condition that has a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life. Refractory cases are not uncommon.. We report a patient with PHM non-responsive to conventional treatments who showed a dramatic improvement with sodium oxybate (SBX). Cases of PHM treated with SBX reported in the literature were reviewed.. Resting and stimulus-induced myoclonus respond robustly to SBX, with significant improvement in patients' quality of life. SBX may be considered in patients with PHM resistant to first-line medications.

Topics: Adult; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Electroencephalography; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Myoclonus; Quality of Life; Sodium Oxybate; Syndrome; Young Adult

Posthypoxic myoclonus is a rare and devastating complication of near-fatal cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite treatment with available anti-myoclonic agents, some patients may recover cognitively but remain completely disabled by severe myoclonus. We report a 16-year-old patient with severe treatment-refractory posthypoxic myoclonus, which improved markedly with administration of the drug sodium oxybate.

Topics: Adolescent; Electroencephalography; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Myoclonus; Sodium Oxybate; Syndrome

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Muscle Hypotonia; Psychomotor Disorders; Sodium Oxybate; Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase; Syndrome