sodium-nitrite and Seizures

Methemoglobinemia is an unusual and potentially fatal condition in which hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin and loses its ability to bind and transport oxygen. The most common cause of methemoglobinemia is the ingestion or inhalation of oxidizing agents such as nitrates or nitrites (e.g., sodium nitrite, which is used commonly as a preservative in curing meats and fish). This report summarizes the investigation of an incident of methemoglobinemia in five members of a household in New York who became ill after eating a meal seasoned with a white crystalline substance from a plastic bag labeled "Refined Iodized Table Salt" (Figure). The findings underscore the need for proper storage of hazardous materials to avoid unintentional ingestion and the importance of collaboration by multiple agencies to address a potential public health emergency.

Topics: Adult; Cyanosis; Dizziness; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Food Labeling; Food Preservatives; Humans; Male; Methemoglobin; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Middle Aged; New York; Respiratory Insufficiency; Seizures; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Sodium Nitrite; Unconsciousness; Vomiting

Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Cyanides; Erythrocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Seizures; Sodium Nitrite; Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase; Thiosulfates

The effects of a reversible activator of adenylate cyclase sclareol glycol (SG), a semisynthetic diterpene of the labdane family, on acute hypoxia (asphyctic, hemic-induced by 300 mg/kg of sodium nitrite injected subcutaneously, and histotoxic-induced by 20 mg/kg sodium nitroprusside injected intraperitoneally) in mice were studied. SG was applied at doses well below the lethal dose. SG increased the latency to convulsions and the survival time to death. It is suggested that the antihypoxic effects of SG on these three models of acute hypoxia are induced mainly via its effects on adenylate cyclase and perhaps its involvement in synaptic transmitter action.

Topics: Animals; Diterpenes; Hypoxia; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Nitroprusside; Seizures; Sodium Nitrite; Time Factors