sodium-hypochlorite and Pain

Herein we review recent developments in our understanding and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Key insights from the recent literature are summarized, from findings on the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease to a new and more nuanced understanding of its natural history. Therapeutic advances and new data on comorbidities are also discussed.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Baths; Boron Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Comorbidity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatologic Agents; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Pain; Patient Education as Topic; Peanut Hypersensitivity; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; Sodium Hypochlorite

This study aimed to determine the severity of pain after endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis following the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at different temperatures and concentrations.. In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 72 patients with mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly assigned to six groups. The teeth were anesthetized and the root canals were prepared. During the instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with NaOCl solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C, 2.5°C were achieved through cryotherapy. Assessment of pain was conducted before, immediately after, and 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. After obturation, the patients recorded their pain intensity at different time intervals on the visual analog scale (VAS) and reported the number of analgesics tablets they used. The frequency of analgesics tablets and their effect on pain sensation was recorded in the second part of the form. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the trend of pain changes over time between two intervals of time in each group. Friedman's nonparametric test was used to compare the intragroup mean score of pain over time and Kruskal-Wallis for comparing the intergroup mean score.. Changes in VAS pain scores of all the groups were significant over time (p < .001). Pain in all the groups decreased immediately after treatment and increased 3 h after treatment. There were no significant differences in pain ratings and the number of analgesics tablets used in the groups of NaOCl with different concentrations and temperatures over time.. Within the study's limitations, we concluded that there was no significant difference between concentrations of 0.5%, and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C in pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.

Topics: Analgesics; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Molar; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pulpitis; Sodium Hypochlorite; Temperature

Post-obturation pain is frustrating to both patients and dentists. Its incidence may change with the use of contemporary endodontic techniques. This randomised clinical trial aims to compare the incidence of post-obturation pain at one and seven days after single-visit and multiple-visit non-surgical endodontic treatments.. Patients who required primary endodontic treatment in the two clinical trial centres in Hong Kong (HK) and in Beijing (PK) were recruited. Three HK dentists and three PK dentists performed endodontic treatments on 567 teeth using the same procedures and materials, either in a single visit or over multiple visits, using either core carrier or cold lateral condensation for obturation.. The attrition rate was 5.1%, and a total of 538 teeth were evaluated. Among these teeth, 232 (43%) were operated in HK, 275 (51%) were treated in a single visit, and 234 (43%) were treated using core carrier obturation. Logistic regression analysis showed that teeth with apical periodontitis (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.21-0.57, p < 0.01) and less pre-operative pain (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03-1.18, p < 0.01) had lower incidences of post-obturation pain after one day. The incidences of post-obturation pain after one day for single-visit and multiple-visit treatments were 24.7% (68 of 275) and 33.5% (88 of 263), respectively (p = 0.50). The incidences of post-obturation pain after seven days for single-visit and multiple-visit treatments were 4.0% (11 of 275) and 5.3% (14 of 263), respectively (p = 0.47).. There was no significant difference in the incidences of post-obturation pain after one day and seven days with single-visit or multiple-visit endodontic treatments.. ChiCTR-IOR-15005989.

Topics: Adult; Appointments and Schedules; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Fistula; Epoxy Resins; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Periapical Abscess; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontal Pocket; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Preparation; Root Canal Therapy; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth Mobility

Sensory neurons in the airways are finely tuned to respond to reactive chemicals threatening airway function and integrity. Nasal trigeminal nerve endings are particularly sensitive to oxidants formed in polluted air and during oxidative stress as well as to chlorine, which is frequently released in industrial and domestic accidents. Oxidant activation of airway neurons induces respiratory depression, nasal obstruction, sneezing, cough, and pain. While normally protective, chemosensory airway reflexes can provoke severe complications in patients affected by inflammatory airway conditions like rhinitis and asthma. Here, we showed that both hypochlorite, the oxidizing mediator of chlorine, and hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, activated Ca(2+) influx and membrane currents in an oxidant-sensitive subpopulation of chemosensory neurons. These responses were absent in neurons from mice lacking TRPA1, an ion channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) gene family. TRPA1 channels were strongly activated by hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide in primary sensory neurons and heterologous cells. In tests of respiratory function, Trpa1(-/-) mice displayed profound deficiencies in hypochlorite- and hydrogen peroxide-induced respiratory depression as well as decreased oxidant-induced pain behavior. Our results indicate that TRPA1 is an oxidant sensor in sensory neurons, initiating neuronal excitation and subsequent physiological responses in vitro and in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mustard Plant; Neurons, Afferent; Oxidants; Pain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Plant Oils; Respiratory System; Sodium Hypochlorite; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel

Topics: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anal Canal; Borates; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Pain; Rectum; Scotland; Sexual Partners; Sodium Hypochlorite

Topics: Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clothing; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Pain; Respiratory Insufficiency; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sucking Behavior; Syndrome; Vomiting